Abstract
The rate of synthesis of tryptophan synthetase was found to be increased by heat inactivation of the dnaA protein in three dnaA mutants temperature sensitive for initiation of DNA replication. The effect of the dnaA mutations was dependent upon the presence of an intact attenuator in the tryptophan operon. The activity of the mutated dnaA protein at the tryptophan attenuator and its activity as initiator for chromosome replication decreased gradually with increasing temperature. Two rpoB mutations that suppress the temperature defect of the dnaA46 mutation in initiation of replication were tested for effects on attenuation in the tryptophan operon. One of the rpoB mutations caused increased transcription termination at the attenuator independent of the dnaA allele, whereas the other mutation had no effect. Expression of the histidine and threonine operons, which are also regulated by attenuation, was unaffected by the dnaA mutations.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Abe M., Tomizawa J. Chromosome replication in Escherichia coli K12 mutant affected in the process of DNA initiation. Genetics. 1971 Sep;69(1):1–15. doi: 10.1093/genetics/69.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bachmann B. J., Low K. B. Linkage map of Escherichia coli K-12, edition 6. Microbiol Rev. 1980 Mar;44(1):1–56. doi: 10.1128/mr.44.1.1-56.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bagdasarian M. M., Izakowska M., Bagdasarian M. Suppression of the DnaA phenotype by mutations in the rpoB cistron of ribonucleic acid polymerase in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1977 May;130(2):577–582. doi: 10.1128/jb.130.2.577-582.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bertrand K., Yanofsky C. Regulation of transcription termination in the leader region of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli involves tryptophan or its metabolic product. J Mol Biol. 1976 May 15;103(2):339–349. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90316-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Beyersmann D., Messer W., Schlicht M. Mutants of Escherichia coli B-r defective in deoxyribonucleic acid initiation: dnaI, a new gene for replication. J Bacteriol. 1974 Jun;118(3):783–789. doi: 10.1128/jb.118.3.783-789.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carl P. L. Escherichia coli mutants with temperature-sensitive synthesis of DNA. Mol Gen Genet. 1970;109(2):107–122. doi: 10.1007/BF00269647. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Daniel J. Azide-dependent mutants in E. coli K12. Nature. 1976 Nov 4;264(5581):90–92. doi: 10.1038/264090a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Di Nocera P. P., Blasi F., Di Lauro R., Frunzio R., Bruni C. B. Nucleotide sequence of the attenuator region of the histidine operon of Escherichia coli K-12. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Sep;75(9):4276–4280. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.9.4276. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ely B. Physiological studies of salmonella histidine operator-promoter mutants. Genetics. 1974 Oct;78(2):593–606. doi: 10.1093/genetics/78.2.593. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Farnham P. J., Platt T. A model for transcription termination suggested by studies on the trp attenuator in vitro using base analogs. Cell. 1980 Jul;20(3):739–748. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90320-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gardner J. F. Regulation of the threonine operon: tandem threonine and isoleucine codons in the control region and translational control of transcription termination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Apr;76(4):1706–1710. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.4.1706. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hansen F. G., Rasmussen K. V. Regulation of the dnaA product in Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1977 Oct 20;155(2):219–225. doi: 10.1007/BF00393163. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hansen F. G., von Meyenburg K. Characterization of the dnaA, gyrB and other genes in the dnaA region of the Escherichia coli chromosome on specialized transducing phages lambda tna. Mol Gen Genet. 1979 Sep;175(2):135–144. doi: 10.1007/BF00425529. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hirota Y., Mordoh J., Jacob F. On the process of cellular division in Escherichia coli. 3. Thermosensitive mutants of Escherichia coli altered in the process of DNA initiation. J Mol Biol. 1970 Nov 14;53(3):369–387. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90072-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horowitz H., Platt T. Identification of trp-p2, an internal promoter in the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1982 Apr 5;156(2):257–267. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90327-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kellenberger-Gujer G., Podhajska A. J., Caro L. A cold sensitive dnaA mutant of E. coli which overinitiates chromosome replication at low temperature. Mol Gen Genet. 1978 Jun 1;162(1):9–16. doi: 10.1007/BF00333845. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kimura M., Yura T., Nagata T. Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli dnaA amber mutants. J Bacteriol. 1980 Nov;144(2):649–655. doi: 10.1128/jb.144.2.649-655.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lark K. G. Evidence for the direct involvement of RNA in the initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli 15T. J Mol Biol. 1972 Feb 28;64(1):47–60. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90320-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lee F., Squires C. L., Squires C., Yanofsky C. Termination of transcription in vitro in the Escherichia coli tryptophan operon leader region. J Mol Biol. 1976 May 15;103(2):383–393. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90318-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Masters M. The frequency of P1 transduction of the genes of Escherichia coli as a function of chromosomal position: preferential transduction of the origin of replication. Mol Gen Genet. 1977 Oct 20;155(2):197–202. doi: 10.1007/BF00393160. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Morse D. E., Yanofsky C. The internal low-efficiency promoter of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1968 Dec;38(3):447–451. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90401-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oka A., Sugimoto K., Takanami M., Hirota Y. Replication origin of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome: the size and structure of the minimum DNA segment carrying the information for autonomous replication. Mol Gen Genet. 1980 Apr;178(1):9–20. doi: 10.1007/BF00267207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Patte J. C., Le Bras G., Cohen G. N. Regulation by methionine of the synthesis of a third aspartokinase and of a second homoserine dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli K 12. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1967 Mar 22;136(2):245–247. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(67)90069-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Saito T., Hiraga S. Initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli. III. Genetic analysis of the dna mutant exhibiting rifampicin-sensitive resumption of replication. Mol Gen Genet. 1975;137(3):249–261. doi: 10.1007/BF00333020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schaus N., O'Day K., Peters W., Wright A. Isolation and characterization of amber mutations in gene dnaA of escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1981 Feb;145(2):904–913. doi: 10.1128/jb.145.2.904-913.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Squires C., Lee F., Bertrand K., Squires C. L., Bronson M. J., Yanofsky C. Nucleotide sequence of the 5' end of tryptophan messenger RNA of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1976 May 15;103(2):351–381. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90317-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tippe-Schindler R., Zahn G., Messer W. Control of the initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli. I. Negative control of initiation. Mol Gen Genet. 1979 Jan 10;168(2):185–195. doi: 10.1007/BF00431444. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wechsler J. A., Gross J. D. Escherichia coli mutants temperature-sensitive for DNA synthesis. Mol Gen Genet. 1971;113(3):273–284. doi: 10.1007/BF00339547. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yanofsky C. Attenuation in the control of expression of bacterial operons. Nature. 1981 Feb 26;289(5800):751–758. doi: 10.1038/289751a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yanofsky C., Horn V. Rifampin resistance mutations that alter the efficiency of transcription termination at the tryptophan operon attenuator. J Bacteriol. 1981 Mar;145(3):1334–1341. doi: 10.1128/jb.145.3.1334-1341.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zyskind J. W., Deen L. T., Smith D. W. Temporal sequence of events during the initiation process in Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid replication: roles of the dnaA and dnaC gene products and ribonucleic acid polymerase. J Bacteriol. 1977 Mar;129(3):1466–1475. doi: 10.1128/jb.129.3.1466-1475.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]