Skip to main content
Molecular Medicine logoLink to Molecular Medicine
. 1998 Dec;4(12):741–750.

The role of alphav integrins during angiogenesis.

B P Eliceiri 1, D A Cheresh 1
PMCID: PMC2230391  PMID: 9990860

Full text

PDF
741

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Albelda S. M., Mette S. A., Elder D. E., Stewart R., Damjanovich L., Herlyn M., Buck C. A. Integrin distribution in malignant melanoma: association of the beta 3 subunit with tumor progression. Cancer Res. 1990 Oct 15;50(20):6757–6764. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Auerbach W., Auerbach R. Angiogenesis inhibition: a review. Pharmacol Ther. 1994 Sep;63(3):265–311. doi: 10.1016/0163-7258(94)90027-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bader B. L., Rayburn H., Crowley D., Hynes R. O. Extensive vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and organogenesis precede lethality in mice lacking all alpha v integrins. Cell. 1998 Nov 13;95(4):507–519. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81618-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bischoff J. Approaches to studying cell adhesion molecules in angiogenesis. Trends Cell Biol. 1995 Feb;5(2):69–74. doi: 10.1016/s0962-8924(00)88949-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Boudreau N., Andrews C., Srebrow A., Ravanpay A., Cheresh D. A. Induction of the angiogenic phenotype by Hox D3. J Cell Biol. 1997 Oct 6;139(1):257–264. doi: 10.1083/jcb.139.1.257. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Brem R. B., Robbins S. G., Wilson D. J., O'Rourke L. M., Mixon R. N., Robertson J. E., Planck S. R., Rosenbaum J. T. Immunolocalization of integrins in the human retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994 Aug;35(9):3466–3474. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Brooks P. C., Clark R. A., Cheresh D. A. Requirement of vascular integrin alpha v beta 3 for angiogenesis. Science. 1994 Apr 22;264(5158):569–571. doi: 10.1126/science.7512751. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Brooks P. C., Montgomery A. M., Rosenfeld M., Reisfeld R. A., Hu T., Klier G., Cheresh D. A. Integrin alpha v beta 3 antagonists promote tumor regression by inducing apoptosis of angiogenic blood vessels. Cell. 1994 Dec 30;79(7):1157–1164. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90007-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Brooks P. C., Strömblad S., Klemke R., Visscher D., Sarkar F. H., Cheresh D. A. Antiintegrin alpha v beta 3 blocks human breast cancer growth and angiogenesis in human skin. J Clin Invest. 1995 Oct;96(4):1815–1822. doi: 10.1172/JCI118227. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Brooks P. C., Strömblad S., Sanders L. C., von Schalscha T. L., Aimes R. T., Stetler-Stevenson W. G., Quigley J. P., Cheresh D. A. Localization of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 to the surface of invasive cells by interaction with integrin alpha v beta 3. Cell. 1996 May 31;85(5):683–693. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81235-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Carron C. P., Meyer D. M., Pegg J. A., Engleman V. W., Nickols M. A., Settle S. L., Westlin W. F., Ruminski P. G., Nickols G. A. A peptidomimetic antagonist of the integrin alpha(v)beta3 inhibits Leydig cell tumor growth and the development of hypercalcemia of malignancy. Cancer Res. 1998 May 1;58(9):1930–1935. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Cheng Y. F., Kramer R. H. Human microvascular endothelial cells express integrin-related complexes that mediate adhesion to the extracellular matrix. J Cell Physiol. 1989 May;139(2):275–286. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041390209. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Cheresh D. A. Human endothelial cells synthesize and express an Arg-Gly-Asp-directed adhesion receptor involved in attachment to fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Sep;84(18):6471–6475. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.18.6471. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Clark R. A., DellaPelle P., Manseau E., Lanigan J. M., Dvorak H. F., Colvin R. B. Blood vessel fibronectin increases in conjunction with endothelial cell proliferation and capillary ingrowth during wound healing. J Invest Dermatol. 1982 Nov;79(5):269–276. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12500076. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Coller B. S., Cheresh D. A., Asch E., Seligsohn U. Platelet vitronectin receptor expression differentiates Iraqi-Jewish from Arab patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia in Israel. Blood. 1991 Jan 1;77(1):75–83. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. D'Amore P. A., Thompson R. W. Mechanisms of angiogenesis. Annu Rev Physiol. 1987;49:453–464. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.49.030187.002321. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Davis G. E. Affinity of integrins for damaged extracellular matrix: alpha v beta 3 binds to denatured collagen type I through RGD sites. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Feb 14;182(3):1025–1031. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)91834-d. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Dike L. E., Farmer S. R. Cell adhesion induces expression of growth-associated genes in suspension-arrested fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Sep;85(18):6792–6796. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.18.6792. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Djaffar I., Rosa J. P. A second case of variant of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia due to substitution of platelet GPIIIa (integrin beta 3) Arg214 by Trp. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Dec;2(12):2179–2180. doi: 10.1093/hmg/2.12.2179. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Drake C. J., Cheresh D. A., Little C. D. An antagonist of integrin alpha v beta 3 prevents maturation of blood vessels during embryonic neovascularization. J Cell Sci. 1995 Jul;108(Pt 7):2655–2661. doi: 10.1242/jcs.108.7.2655. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Eliceiri B. P., Klemke R., Strömblad S., Cheresh D. A. Integrin alphavbeta3 requirement for sustained mitogen-activated protein kinase activity during angiogenesis. J Cell Biol. 1998 Mar 9;140(5):1255–1263. doi: 10.1083/jcb.140.5.1255. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Enenstein J., Kramer R. H. Confocal microscopic analysis of integrin expression on the microvasculature and its sprouts in the neonatal foreskin. J Invest Dermatol. 1994 Sep;103(3):381–386. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12395390. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Enenstein J., Waleh N. S., Kramer R. H. Basic FGF and TGF-beta differentially modulate integrin expression of human microvascular endothelial cells. Exp Cell Res. 1992 Dec;203(2):499–503. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(92)90028-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Felding-Habermann B., Silletti S., Mei F., Siu C. H., Yip P. M., Brooks P. C., Cheresh D. A., O'Toole T. E., Ginsberg M. H., Montgomery A. M. A single immunoglobulin-like domain of the human neural cell adhesion molecule L1 supports adhesion by multiple vascular and platelet integrins. J Cell Biol. 1997 Dec 15;139(6):1567–1581. doi: 10.1083/jcb.139.6.1567. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Fisher C., Gilbertson-Beadling S., Powers E. A., Petzold G., Poorman R., Mitchell M. A. Interstitial collagenase is required for angiogenesis in vitro. Dev Biol. 1994 Apr;162(2):499–510. doi: 10.1006/dbio.1994.1104. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Folkman J., Klagsbrun M. Angiogenic factors. Science. 1987 Jan 23;235(4787):442–447. doi: 10.1126/science.2432664. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Friedlander M., Brooks P. C., Shaffer R. W., Kincaid C. M., Varner J. A., Cheresh D. A. Definition of two angiogenic pathways by distinct alpha v integrins. Science. 1995 Dec 1;270(5241):1500–1502. doi: 10.1126/science.270.5241.1500. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Friedlander M., Theesfeld C. L., Sugita M., Fruttiger M., Thomas M. A., Chang S., Cheresh D. A. Involvement of integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 in ocular neovascular diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Sep 3;93(18):9764–9769. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9764. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Gladson C. L., Cheresh D. A. Glioblastoma expression of vitronectin and the alpha v beta 3 integrin. Adhesion mechanism for transformed glial cells. J Clin Invest. 1991 Dec;88(6):1924–1932. doi: 10.1172/JCI115516. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Grant D. S., Tashiro K., Segui-Real B., Yamada Y., Martin G. R., Kleinman H. K. Two different laminin domains mediate the differentiation of human endothelial cells into capillary-like structures in vitro. Cell. 1989 Sep 8;58(5):933–943. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90945-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Guadagno T. M., Ohtsubo M., Roberts J. M., Assoian R. K. A link between cyclin A expression and adhesion-dependent cell cycle progression. Science. 1993 Dec 3;262(5139):1572–1575. doi: 10.1126/science.8248807. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Guan J. L., Shalloway D. Regulation of focal adhesion-associated protein tyrosine kinase by both cellular adhesion and oncogenic transformation. Nature. 1992 Aug 20;358(6388):690–692. doi: 10.1038/358690a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Hammes H. P., Brownlee M., Jonczyk A., Sutter A., Preissner K. T. Subcutaneous injection of a cyclic peptide antagonist of vitronectin receptor-type integrins inhibits retinal neovascularization. Nat Med. 1996 May;2(5):529–533. doi: 10.1038/nm0596-529. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Hanahan D., Folkman J. Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. Cell. 1996 Aug 9;86(3):353–364. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80108-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Haralabopoulos G. C., Grant D. S., Kleinman H. K., Lelkes P. I., Papaioannou S. P., Maragoudakis M. E. Inhibitors of basement membrane collagen synthesis prevent endothelial cell alignment in matrigel in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. Lab Invest. 1994 Oct;71(4):575–582. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Horton M. A., Taylor M. L., Arnett T. R., Helfrich M. H. Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides and the anti-vitronectin receptor antibody 23C6 inhibit dentine resorption and cell spreading by osteoclasts. Exp Cell Res. 1991 Aug;195(2):368–375. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(91)90386-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Hynes R. O. Integrins: versatility, modulation, and signaling in cell adhesion. Cell. 1992 Apr 3;69(1):11–25. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90115-s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Ingber D. Extracellular matrix and cell shape: potential control points for inhibition of angiogenesis. J Cell Biochem. 1991 Nov;47(3):236–241. doi: 10.1002/jcb.240470309. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Iruela-Arispe M. L., Hasselaar P., Sage H. Differential expression of extracellular proteins is correlated with angiogenesis in vitro. Lab Invest. 1991 Feb;64(2):174–186. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Jiang B., Liou G. I., Behzadian M. A., Caldwell R. B. Astrocytes modulate retinal vasculogenesis: effects on fibronectin expression. J Cell Sci. 1994 Sep;107(Pt 9):2499–2508. doi: 10.1242/jcs.107.9.2499. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Johnson M. D., Kim H. R., Chesler L., Tsao-Wu G., Bouck N., Polverini P. J. Inhibition of angiogenesis by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase. J Cell Physiol. 1994 Jul;160(1):194–202. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041600122. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Juliano R. L., Haskill S. Signal transduction from the extracellular matrix. J Cell Biol. 1993 Feb;120(3):577–585. doi: 10.1083/jcb.120.3.577. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Koch A. E., Polverini P. J., Kunkel S. L., Harlow L. A., DiPietro L. A., Elner V. M., Elner S. G., Strieter R. M. Interleukin-8 as a macrophage-derived mediator of angiogenesis. Science. 1992 Dec 11;258(5089):1798–1801. doi: 10.1126/science.1281554. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Kornberg L., Earp H. S., Parsons J. T., Schaller M., Juliano R. L. Cell adhesion or integrin clustering increases phosphorylation of a focal adhesion-associated tyrosine kinase. J Biol Chem. 1992 Nov 25;267(33):23439–23442. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Kubota Y., Kleinman H. K., Martin G. R., Lawley T. J. Role of laminin and basement membrane in the morphological differentiation of human endothelial cells into capillary-like structures. J Cell Biol. 1988 Oct;107(4):1589–1598. doi: 10.1083/jcb.107.4.1589. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Leavesley D. I., Ferguson G. D., Wayner E. A., Cheresh D. A. Requirement of the integrin beta 3 subunit for carcinoma cell spreading or migration on vitronectin and fibrinogen. J Cell Biol. 1992 Jun;117(5):1101–1107. doi: 10.1083/jcb.117.5.1101. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Liaw L., Skinner M. P., Raines E. W., Ross R., Cheresh D. A., Schwartz S. M., Giachelli C. M. The adhesive and migratory effects of osteopontin are mediated via distinct cell surface integrins. Role of alpha v beta 3 in smooth muscle cell migration to osteopontin in vitro. J Clin Invest. 1995 Feb;95(2):713–724. doi: 10.1172/JCI117718. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Löhler J., Timpl R., Jaenisch R. Embryonic lethal mutation in mouse collagen I gene causes rupture of blood vessels and is associated with erythropoietic and mesenchymal cell death. Cell. 1984 Sep;38(2):597–607. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90514-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Marshall C. J. Specificity of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: transient versus sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Cell. 1995 Jan 27;80(2):179–185. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(95)90401-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. McNamee H. P., Ingber D. E., Schwartz M. A. Adhesion to fibronectin stimulates inositol lipid synthesis and enhances PDGF-induced inositol lipid breakdown. J Cell Biol. 1993 May;121(3):673–678. doi: 10.1083/jcb.121.3.673. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Meredith J. E., Jr, Fazeli B., Schwartz M. A. The extracellular matrix as a cell survival factor. Mol Biol Cell. 1993 Sep;4(9):953–961. doi: 10.1091/mbc.4.9.953. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Mignatti P., Tsuboi R., Robbins E., Rifkin D. B. In vitro angiogenesis on the human amniotic membrane: requirement for basic fibroblast growth factor-induced proteinases. J Cell Biol. 1989 Feb;108(2):671–682. doi: 10.1083/jcb.108.2.671. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Milne D. M., Campbell D. G., Caudwell F. B., Meek D. W. Phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 by mitogen-activated protein kinases. J Biol Chem. 1994 Mar 25;269(12):9253–9260. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Miyamoto S., Teramoto H., Gutkind J. S., Yamada K. M. Integrins can collaborate with growth factors for phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases and MAP kinase activation: roles of integrin aggregation and occupancy of receptors. J Cell Biol. 1996 Dec;135(6 Pt 1):1633–1642. doi: 10.1083/jcb.135.6.1633. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Montesano R., Orci L. Tumor-promoting phorbol esters induce angiogenesis in vitro. Cell. 1985 Sep;42(2):469–477. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90104-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Montgomery A. M., Reisfeld R. A., Cheresh D. A. Integrin alpha v beta 3 rescues melanoma cells from apoptosis in three-dimensional dermal collagen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Sep 13;91(19):8856–8860. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.19.8856. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Moses M. A., Sudhalter J., Langer R. Identification of an inhibitor of neovascularization from cartilage. Science. 1990 Jun 15;248(4961):1408–1410. doi: 10.1126/science.1694043. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Nicosia R. F., Madri J. A. The microvascular extracellular matrix. Developmental changes during angiogenesis in the aortic ring-plasma clot model. Am J Pathol. 1987 Jul;128(1):78–90. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Pfaff M., Aumailley M., Specks U., Knolle J., Zerwes H. G., Timpl R. Integrin and Arg-Gly-Asp dependence of cell adhesion to the native and unfolded triple helix of collagen type VI. Exp Cell Res. 1993 May;206(1):167–176. doi: 10.1006/excr.1993.1134. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Re F., Zanetti A., Sironi M., Polentarutti N., Lanfrancone L., Dejana E., Colotta F. Inhibition of anchorage-dependent cell spreading triggers apoptosis in cultured human endothelial cells. J Cell Biol. 1994 Oct;127(2):537–546. doi: 10.1083/jcb.127.2.537. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Risau W., Lemmon V. Changes in the vascular extracellular matrix during embryonic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Dev Biol. 1988 Feb;125(2):441–450. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(88)90225-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Ross F. P., Chappel J., Alvarez J. I., Sander D., Butler W. T., Farach-Carson M. C., Mintz K. A., Robey P. G., Teitelbaum S. L., Cheresh D. A. Interactions between the bone matrix proteins osteopontin and bone sialoprotein and the osteoclast integrin alpha v beta 3 potentiate bone resorption. J Biol Chem. 1993 May 5;268(13):9901–9907. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Sato M., Sardana M. K., Grasser W. A., Garsky V. M., Murray J. M., Gould R. J. Echistatin is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption in culture. J Cell Biol. 1990 Oct;111(4):1713–1723. doi: 10.1083/jcb.111.4.1713. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Schwartz M. A., Lechene C. Adhesion is required for protein kinase C-dependent activation of the Na+/H+ antiporter by platelet-derived growth factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jul 1;89(13):6138–6141. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.13.6138. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Schwartz M. A., Schaller M. D., Ginsberg M. H. Integrins: emerging paradigms of signal transduction. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 1995;11:549–599. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.003001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Schwartz M. A. Signaling by integrins: implications for tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 1993 Apr 1;53(7):1503–1506. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Senger D. R., Claffey K. P., Benes J. E., Perruzzi C. A., Sergiou A. P., Detmar M. Angiogenesis promoted by vascular endothelial growth factor: regulation through alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 integrins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 9;94(25):13612–13617. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.25.13612. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Sepp N. T., Li L. J., Lee K. H., Brown E. J., Caughman S. W., Lawley T. J., Swerlick R. A. Basic fibroblast growth factor increases expression of the alpha v beta 3 integrin complex on human microvascular endothelial cells. J Invest Dermatol. 1994 Sep;103(3):295–299. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12394617. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Sipkins D. A., Cheresh D. A., Kazemi M. R., Nevin L. M., Bednarski M. D., Li K. C. Detection of tumor angiogenesis in vivo by alphaVbeta3-targeted magnetic resonance imaging. Nat Med. 1998 May;4(5):623–626. doi: 10.1038/nm0598-623. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Strömblad S., Becker J. C., Yebra M., Brooks P. C., Cheresh D. A. Suppression of p53 activity and p21WAF1/CIP1 expression by vascular cell integrin alphaVbeta3 during angiogenesis. J Clin Invest. 1996 Jul 15;98(2):426–433. doi: 10.1172/JCI118808. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Takigawa M., Enomoto M., Nishida Y., Pan H. O., Kinoshita A., Suzuki F. Tumor angiogenesis and polyamines: alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, inhibits B16 melanoma-induced angiogenesis in ovo and the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. Cancer Res. 1990 Jul 1;50(13):4131–4138. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Topol E. J., Califf R. M., Weisman H. F., Ellis S. G., Tcheng J. E., Worley S., Ivanhoe R., George B. S., Fintel D., Weston M. Randomised trial of coronary intervention with antibody against platelet IIb/IIIa integrin for reduction of clinical restenosis: results at six months. The EPIC Investigators. Lancet. 1994 Apr 9;343(8902):881–886. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)90007-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Traverse S., Gomez N., Paterson H., Marshall C., Cohen P. Sustained activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade may be required for differentiation of PC12 cells. Comparison of the effects of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor. Biochem J. 1992 Dec 1;288(Pt 2):351–355. doi: 10.1042/bj2880351. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Varner J. A., Brooks P. C., Cheresh D. A. REVIEW: the integrin alpha V beta 3: angiogenesis and apoptosis. Cell Adhes Commun. 1995 Nov;3(4):367–374. doi: 10.3109/15419069509081020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Varner J. A., Emerson D. A., Juliano R. L. Integrin alpha 5 beta 1 expression negatively regulates cell growth: reversal by attachment to fibronectin. Mol Biol Cell. 1995 Jun;6(6):725–740. doi: 10.1091/mbc.6.6.725. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. White E. Life, death, and the pursuit of apoptosis. Genes Dev. 1996 Jan 1;10(1):1–15. doi: 10.1101/gad.10.1.1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Molecular Medicine are provided here courtesy of The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research at North Shore LIJ

RESOURCES