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. 1999 Sep;5(9):585–594.

Peptidomimetic fluoromethylketone rescues mice from lethal endotoxic shock.

S R Grobmyer 1, R C Armstrong 1, S C Nicholson 1, C Gabay 1, W P Arend 1, S H Potter 1, M Melchior 1, L C Fritz 1, C F Nathan 1
PMCID: PMC2230465  PMID: 10551900

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Septic shock is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units. No new interventions in the last 20 years have made a substantial impact on the outcome of patients with septic shock. Identification of inhibitable pathways that mediate death in shock is an important goal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two novel caspase inhibitors, (2-indolyl)-carbonyl-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (IDN 1529) and (1-methyl-3-methyl-2-indolyl)-carbonyl-Val-Asp-fluoromethylketone (IDN 1965), were studied in a murine model of endotoxic shock. RESULTS: IDN 1529 prolonged survival when given before or up to 3 hr after high-dose LPS (p < 0.01) and increased by 2.2-fold the number of animals surviving longterm after a lower dose of LPS (p < 0.01). Despite its similar chemical structure, IDN 1965 lacked these protective effects. Both compounds inhibited caspases 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 9, and both afforded comparable reduction in Fas- and LPS-induced caspase 3-like activity and apoptosis. Paradoxically, administration of IDN 1529 but not IDN 1965 led to an increase in the LPS-induced elevation of serum cytokines related directly (IL-1beta, IL-18) or indirectly (IL-1alpha, IL-1Ra) to the action of caspase 1. CONCLUSIONS: A process that appears to be distinct from both apoptosis and the release of inflammatory cytokines is a late-acting requirement for lethality in endotoxic shock. Inhibition of this process can rescue mice even when therapy is initiated after LPS has made the mice severely ill.

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Selected References

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