Abstract
Repair of ultraviolet radiation damage was examined in an extremely radioresistant organism, Micrococcus radiophilus. Measurement of the number of thymine-containing dimers formed as a function of ultraviolet dose suggests that the ability of this organism to withstand high doses of ultraviolet radiation (20,000 ergs/mm2) is not related to protective screening by pigments. M. radiophilus carries out a rapid excision of thymine dimers at doses of ultraviolet light up to 10,000 ergs/mm2. Synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid is reduced after irradiation, but after removal of photodamage the rate approaches that in unirradiated cells. A comparison is drawn with Micrococcus luteus and M. radiodurans. We conclude that the extremely high resistance to ultraviolet irradiation in M. radiophilus is at least partly due to the presence of an efficient excision repair system.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- BURGI E., HERSHEY A. D. Sedimentation rate as a measure of molecular weight of DNA. Biophys J. 1963 Jul;3:309–321. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3495(63)86823-x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boling M. E., Setlow J. K. The resistance of Micrococcus radiodurans to ultraviolet radiation. 3. A repair mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1966 Jul 20;123(1):26–33. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(66)90155-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CASTELLANI A., JAGGER J., SETLOW R. B. OVERLAP OF PHOTOREACTIVATION AND LIQUID HOLDING RECOVERY IN ESCHERICHIA COLI B. Science. 1964 Mar 13;143(3611):1170–1171. doi: 10.1126/science.143.3611.1170. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carrier W. L., Setlow R. B. Endonuclease from Micrococcus luteus which has activity toward ultraviolet-irradiated deoxyribonucleic acid: purification and properties. J Bacteriol. 1970 Apr;102(1):178–186. doi: 10.1128/jb.102.1.178-186.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cooper P. K., Hanawalt P. C. Heterogeneity of patch size in repair replicated DNA in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1972 Jun 14;67(1):1–10. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90381-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DAVIS N. S., SILVERMAN G. J., MASUROVSKY E. B. RADIATION-RESISTANT, PIGMENTED COCCUS ISOLATED FROM HADDOCK TISSUE. J Bacteriol. 1963 Aug;86:294–298. doi: 10.1128/jb.86.2.294-298.1963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dean C. J., Feldschreiber P., Lett J. T. Repair of x-ray damage to the deoxyribonucleic acid in Micrococcus radiodurans. Nature. 1966 Jan 1;209(5018):49–52. doi: 10.1038/209049a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Friedberg E. C., King J. J. Dark repair of ultraviolet-irradiated deoxyribonucleic acid by bacteriophage T4: purification and characterization of a dimer-specific phage-induced endonuclease. J Bacteriol. 1971 May;106(2):500–507. doi: 10.1128/jb.106.2.500-507.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Howard-Flanders P. DNA repair. Annu Rev Biochem. 1968;37:175–200. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.37.070168.001135. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lewis N. F., Alur M. D., Kumta U. S. Role of carotenoid pigments in radio-resistant micrococci. Can J Microbiol. 1974 Apr;20(4):455–459. doi: 10.1139/m74-070. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lewis N. F., Kumta U. S. Evidence for extreme UV resistance of Micrococcus sp. NCTC 10785. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1972 Jun 9;47(5):1100–1105. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90947-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lewis N. F. Studies on a radio-resistant coccus isolated from Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus). J Gen Microbiol. 1971 Apr;66(1):29–35. doi: 10.1099/00221287-66-1-29. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McGrath R. A., Williams R. W. Reconstruction in vivo of irradiated Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid; the rejoining of broken pieces. Nature. 1966 Oct 29;212(5061):534–535. doi: 10.1038/212534a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Modak S. P., Setlow J. K. Synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid after ultraviolet irradiation of sensitive and resistant Haemophilus influenzae. J Bacteriol. 1969 Jun;98(3):1195–1198. doi: 10.1128/jb.98.3.1195-1198.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moseley B. E., Mattingly A., Copland H. J. Sensitization to radiation by loss of recombination ability in a temperature-sensitive DNA mutant of Micrococcus radiodurans held at its restrictive temperature. J Gen Microbiol. 1972 Sep;72(2):329–338. doi: 10.1099/00221287-72-2-329. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moseley B. E., Mattingly A. Repair of irradiation transforming deoxyribonucleic acid in wild type and a radiation-sensitive mutant of Micrococcus radiodurans. J Bacteriol. 1971 Mar;105(3):976–983. doi: 10.1128/jb.105.3.976-983.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moseley B. E. Repair of ultraviolet radiation damage in sensitive mutants of Micrococcus radiodurans. J Bacteriol. 1969 Feb;97(2):647–652. doi: 10.1128/jb.97.2.647-652.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oshima S., Sekiguchi M. Induction of a new enzyme activity to excise pyrimidine dimers in Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1972 Jun 9;47(5):1126–1132. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90951-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pörschke D. A specific photoreaction in polydeoxyadenylic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Sep;70(9):2683–2686. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.9.2683. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Radman M., Cordone L., Krsmanovic-Simic D., Errera M. Complementary action of recombination and excision in the repair of ultraviolet irradiation damage to DNA. J Mol Biol. 1970 Apr 14;49(1):203–212. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90386-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rupp W. D., Howard-Flanders P. Discontinuities in the DNA synthesized in an excision-defective strain of Escherichia coli following ultraviolet irradiation. J Mol Biol. 1968 Jan 28;31(2):291–304. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90445-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SAUERBIER W. The influence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine substitution on UV sensitivity, host-cell reactivation, and photoreactivation in T1 and P22H5. Virology. 1961 Dec;15:465–472. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(61)90113-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SETLOW J. K., DUGGAN D. E. THE RESISTANCE OF MICROCOCCUS RADIODURANS TO ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION. I. ULTRAVIOLET-INDUCED LESIONS IN THE CELL'S DNA. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 Aug 12;87:664–668. doi: 10.1016/0926-6550(64)90284-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SETLOW R. B., CARRIER W. L. THE DISAPPEARANCE OF THYMINE DIMERS FROM DNA: AN ERROR-CORRECTING MECHANISM. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Feb;51:226–231. doi: 10.1073/pnas.51.2.226. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SETLOW R. B., SETLOW J. K. Evidence that ultraviolet-induced thymine dimers in DNA cause biological damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1962 Jul 15;48:1250–1257. doi: 10.1073/pnas.48.7.1250. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SETLOW R. B., SWENSON P. A., CARRIER W. L. THYMINE DIMERS AND INHIBITION OF DNA SYNTHESIS BY ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION OF CELLS. Science. 1963 Dec 13;142(3598):1464–1466. doi: 10.1126/science.142.3598.1464. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Setlow J. K., Boling M. E. The resistance of Micrococcus radiodurans to ultraviolet radiation. II. Action spectra for killing, delay in DNA synthesis, and thymine dimerization. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1965 Oct 11;108(2):259–265. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(65)90010-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Setlow J. K., Brown D. C., Boling M. E., Mattingly A., Gordon M. P. Repair of deoxyribonucleic acid in Haemophilus influenzae. I. X-ray sensitivity of ultraviolet-sensitive mutants and their behavior as hosts to ultraviolet-irradiated bacteriophage and transforming deoxyribonucleic acid. J Bacteriol. 1968 Feb;95(2):546–558. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.2.546-558.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Setlow J. K. Photoreactivation. Radiat Res. 1966;(Suppl):141+–141+. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Swenson P. A., Setlow R. B. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on macromolecular synthesis in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1966 Jan;15(1):201–219. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(66)80221-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Witkin E. M. Ultraviolet-induced mutation and DNA repair. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1969;23:487–514. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.23.100169.002415. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]