Skip to main content
PMC home page
The BMJ logoLink to The BMJ
. 1996 Feb 10;312(7027):335–338. doi: 10.1136/bmj.312.7027.335

Disease in children infected with HIV in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

S B Lucas 1, C S Peacock 1, A Hounnou 1, K Brattegaard 1, K Koffi 1, M Hondé 1, J Andoh 1, J Bell 1, K M De Cock 1
PMCID: PMC2350283  PMID: 8611829

Abstract

OBJECTIVE--To document the range of disease in African children infected with HIV. DESIGN--Necropsy results in consecutive children aged 1 month or more who were HIV positive and in children who were HIV negative for comparison; IgA western blots on serum samples from children under 2 years of age who were positive for HIV-1 to test the validity of routine HIV serology. SETTING--Largest hospital in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. SUBJECTS--78 children who were HIV positive and 77 children who were HIV negative on whom a necropsy was performed; their median ages at death were 18 and 21 months respectively. 36 HIV positive children and 29 HIV negative children were 1-14 months old; 42 HIV positive and 48 HIV negative children were > or = 15 months old. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Cause of death and prevalence of diseases confirmed pathologically. RESULTS--Respiratory tract infections were more common in HIV positive than in HIV negative children (73 (94%) v 52 (68%); P < 0.05), and were aetiologically heterogeneous. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was found in 11 out of 36 (31%) HIV positive children aged < 15 months, but in no HIV negative children. Among older children measles was more common in HIV positive children (8/42 (19%) v 2/48 (4%); P < 0.06). Pyogenic meningitis was present in similar proportions of HIV positive and HIV negative children aged < 15 months (7/36 (19%) and 7/29 (24%)). In HIV positive children tuberculosis (1/78), lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (1/78), and HIV encephalitis (2/78) were rare. CONCLUSIONS--There is greater overlap between diseases associated with HIV infection and other common health problems in African children than there is in adults. Compared with adults, HIV positive children had a high prevalence of P carinii pneumonia and a low prevalence of tuberculosis. Measles, but not malaria, was associated with HIV infection.

Full text

PDF
338

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Blanche S., Tardieu M., Duliege A., Rouzioux C., Le Deist F., Fukunaga K., Caniglia M., Jacomet C., Messiah A., Griscelli C. Longitudinal study of 94 symptomatic infants with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection. Evidence for a bimodal expression of clinical and biological symptoms. Am J Dis Child. 1990 Nov;144(11):1210–1215. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1990.02150350042021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chin J. Global estimates of HIV infections and AIDS cases: 1991. AIDS. 1991;5 (Suppl 2):S57–S61. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199101001-00009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chintu C., Bhat G., Luo C., Raviglione M., Diwan V., Dupont H. L., Zumla A. Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in Zambian children with tuberculosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993 Jun;12(6):499–504. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199306000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. De Cock K. M., Porter A., Kouadio J., Maran M., Gnaore E., Adjorlolo G., Lafontaine M. F., Bretton G., Damet G. M., Odehouri K. Rapid and specific diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections: an evaluation of testing strategies. AIDS. 1990 Sep;4(9):875–878. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199009000-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dowell S. F., Davis H. L., Holt E. A., Ruff A. J., Kissinger P. J., Bijoux J., Boulos R., Boulos C., Halsey N. A. The utility of verbal autopsies for identifying HIV-1-related deaths in Haitian children. AIDS. 1993 Sep;7(9):1255–1259. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199309000-00016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Embree J. E., Datta P., Stackiw W., Sekla L., Braddick M., Kreiss J. K., Pamba H., Wamola I., Ndinya-Achola J. O., Law B. J. Increased risk of early measles in infants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive mothers. J Infect Dis. 1992 Feb;165(2):262–267. doi: 10.1093/infdis/165.2.262. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gibb D. M., Davison C. F., Holland F. J., Walters S., Novelli V., Mok J. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in vertically acquired HIV infection in the British Isles. Arch Dis Child. 1994 Mar;70(3):241–244. doi: 10.1136/adc.70.3.241. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Landesman S., Weiblen B., Mendez H., Willoughby A., Goedert J. J., Rubinstein A., Minkoff H., Moroso G., Hoff R. Clinical utility of HIV-IgA immunoblot assay in the early diagnosis of perinatal HIV infection. JAMA. 1991 Dec 25;266(24):3443–3446. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Lucas S. B., Hounnou A., Peacock C., Beaumel A., Djomand G., N'Gbichi J. M., Yeboue K., Hondé M., Diomande M., Giordano C. The mortality and pathology of HIV infection in a west African city. AIDS. 1993 Dec;7(12):1569–1579. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199312000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Mgone C. S., Mhalu F. S., Shao J. F., Britton S., Sandström A., Bredberg-Råden U., Biberfeld G. Prevalence of HIV-1 infection and symptomatology of AIDS in severely malnourished children in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1991;4(9):910–913. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Miotti P. G., Dallabetta G. A., Chiphangwi J. D., Liomba G., Saah A. J. A retrospective study of childhood mortality and spontaneous abortion in HIV-1 infected women in urban Malawi. Int J Epidemiol. 1992 Aug;21(4):792–799. doi: 10.1093/ije/21.4.792. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Müller O., Musoke P., Sen G., Moser R. Pediatric HIV-1 disease in a Kampala Hospital. J Trop Pediatr. 1990 Dec;36(6):283–286. doi: 10.1093/tropej/36.6.283. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Nelson A. M., Firpo A., Kamenga M., Davachi F., Angritt P., Mullick F. G. Pediatric AIDS and perinatal HIV infection in Zaire: epidemiologic and pathologic findings. Prog AIDS Pathol. 1992;3(1):1–33. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Nicoll A., Timaeus I., Kigadye R. M., Walraven G., Killewo J. The impact of HIV-1 infection on mortality in children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa: a demographic and epidemiologic analysis. AIDS. 1994 Jul;8(7):995–1005. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199407000-00019. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Pan L., Diss T. C., Peng H., Lu Q., Wotherspoon A. C., Thomas J. A., Isaacson P. G. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL). J Pathol. 1993 Jun;170(2):137–143. doi: 10.1002/path.1711700207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. SCHULZ D. M., GIORDANO D. A., SCHULZ D. H. Weights of organs of fetuses and infants. Arch Pathol. 1962 Sep;74:244–250. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sassan-Morokro M., De Cock K. M., Ackah A., Vetter K. M., Doorly R., Brattegaard K., Coulibaly D., Coulibaly I. M., Gayle H. Tuberculosis and HIV infection in children in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1994 Mar-Apr;88(2):178–181. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(94)90285-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sension M. G., Quinn T. C., Markowitz L. E., Linnan M. J., Jones T. S., Francis H. L., Nzilambi N., Duma M. N., Ryder R. W. Measles in hospitalized African children with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Dis Child. 1988 Dec;142(12):1271–1272. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1988.02150120025021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Simonds R. J., Oxtoby M. J., Caldwell M. B., Gwinn M. L., Rogers M. F. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among US children with perinatally acquired HIV infection. JAMA. 1993 Jul 28;270(4):470–473. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from BMJ : British Medical Journal are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES