Skip to main content
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1977 Jun;130(3):983–990. doi: 10.1128/jb.130.3.983-990.1977

Regulation of enzyme synthesis by the glutamine synthetase of Salmonella typhimurium: a factor in addition to glutamine synthetase is required for activation of enzyme formation.

F R Bloom, S L Streicher, B Tyler
PMCID: PMC235318  PMID: 16868

Abstract

In Klebsiella aerogenes but not in Salmonella typhimurium glutamine synthetase can function during nitrogen-limited growth to increase the rate of synthesis of histidase from the hut genes of S. typhimurium 15-59 (hutS. 15-59). Formation of proline oxidase is also not increased in nitrogen-limited cultures of S. typhimurium. However, in hybrid strains of Escherichia coli or K. aerogenes, the glutamine synthetase of S. typhimurium activates synthesis of histidase from the hutS. 15-59 genes. Apparently, glutamine synthetase is necessary but not sufficient for activation of transcription of the hut genes; another factor must also be present. This factor is active in both K. aerogenes and E. coli but is missing or altered in S. typhimurium.

Full text

PDF
990

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bender R. A., Janssen K. A., Resnick A. D., Blumenberg M., Foor F., Magasanik B. Biochemical parameters of glutamine synthetase from Klebsiella aerogenes. J Bacteriol. 1977 Feb;129(2):1001–1009. doi: 10.1128/jb.129.2.1001-1009.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Betteridge P. R., Ayling P. D. The regulation of glutamine transport and glutamine synthetase in Salmonella typhimurium. J Gen Microbiol. 1976 Aug;96(2):324–334. doi: 10.1099/00221287-95-2-324. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brenchley J. E., Baker C. A., Patil L. G. Regulation of the ammonia assimilatory enzymes in Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1975 Oct;124(1):182–189. doi: 10.1128/jb.124.1.182-189.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brenchley J. E., Prival M. J., Magasanik B. Regulation of the synthesis of enzymes responsible for glutamate formation in Klebsiella aerogenes. J Biol Chem. 1973 Sep 10;248(17):6122–6128. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cannon F. C., Dixon R. A., Postgate J. R. Derivation and properties of F-prime factors in Escherichia coli carrying nitrogen fixation genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Gen Microbiol. 1976 Mar;93(1):111–125. doi: 10.1099/00221287-93-1-111. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Foor F., Janssen K. A., Magasanik B. Regulation of synthesis of glutamine synthetase by adenylylated glutamine synthetase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Dec;72(12):4844–4848. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.12.4844. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Goldberg R. B., Bender R. A., Streicher S. L. Direct selection for P1-sensitive mutants of enteric bacteria. J Bacteriol. 1974 Jun;118(3):810–814. doi: 10.1128/jb.118.3.810-814.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Goldberg R. B., Bloom F. R., Magasanik B. Regulation of histidase synthesis in intergeneric hybrids of enteric bacteria. J Bacteriol. 1976 Jul;127(1):114–119. doi: 10.1128/jb.127.1.114-119.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Goldberg R. B., Magasanik B. Gene order of the histidine utilization (hut) operons in Klebsiella aerogenes. J Bacteriol. 1975 Jun;122(3):1025–1031. doi: 10.1128/jb.122.3.1025-1031.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hagen D. C., Magasanik B. Isolation of the self-regulated repressor protein of the Hut operons of Salmonella typhimurium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Mar;70(3):808–812. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.3.808. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Jacoby G. A., Gorini L. A unitary account of the repression mechanism of arginine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. I. The genetic evidence. J Mol Biol. 1969 Jan 14;39(1):73–87. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90334-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Karlström O., Gorini L. A unitary account of the repression mechanism of arginine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. II. Application to the physiological evidence. J Mol Biol. 1969 Jan 14;39(1):89–94. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90335-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kustu S. G., McKereghan K. Mutations affecting glutamine synthetase activity in Salmonella typhimurium. J Bacteriol. 1975 Jun;122(3):1006–1016. doi: 10.1128/jb.122.3.1006-1016.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Magasanik B., Prival M. J., Brenchley J. E., Tyler B. M., DeLeo A. B., Streicher S. L., Bender R. A., Paris C. G. Glutamine synthetase as a regulator of enzyme synthesis. Curr Top Cell Regul. 1974;8(0):119–138. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152808-9.50010-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Meiss H. K., Brill W. J., Magasanik B. Genetic control of histidine degradation in Salmonella typhimurium, strain LT-2. J Biol Chem. 1969 Oct 10;244(19):5382–5391. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Postgate J. R., Krishnapillai V. Expression of Klebsiella nif and his genes in Salmonella typhimurium. J Gen Microbiol. 1977 Feb;98(2):379–385. doi: 10.1099/00221287-98-2-379. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Prival M. J., Brenchley J. E., Magasanik B. Glutamine synthetase and the regulation of histidase formation in Klebsiella aerogenes. J Biol Chem. 1973 Jun 25;248(12):4334–4344. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Prival M. J., Magasanik B. Resistance to catabolite repression of histidase and proline oxidase during nitrogen-limited growth of Klebsiella aerogenes. J Biol Chem. 1971 Oct 25;246(20):6288–6296. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Shapiro B. M., Stadtman E. R. The regulation of glutamine synthesis in microorganisms. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1970;24:501–524. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.24.100170.002441. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Smith G. R., Magasanik B. The two operons of the histidine utilization system in Salmonella typhimurium. J Biol Chem. 1971 May 25;246(10):3330–3341. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Stadtman E. R., Ginsburg A., Ciardi J. E., Yeh J., Hennig S. B., Shapiro B. M. Multiple molecular forms of glutamine synthetase produced by enzyme catalyzed adenylation and deadenylylation reactions. Adv Enzyme Regul. 1970;8:99–118. doi: 10.1016/0065-2571(70)90011-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Streicher S. L., Bender R. A., Magasanik B. Genetic control of glutamine synthetase in Klebiella aerogenes. J Bacteriol. 1975 Jan;121(1):320–331. doi: 10.1128/jb.121.1.320-331.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Streicher S. L., Deleo A. B., Magasanik B. Regulation of enzyme formation in Klebsiella aerogenes by episomal glutamine synthetase of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1976 Jul;127(1):184–192. doi: 10.1128/jb.127.1.184-192.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Streicher S. L., Shanmugam K. T., Ausubel F., Morandi C., Goldberg R. B. Regulation of nitrogen fixation in Klebsiella pneumoniae: evidence for a role of glutamine synthetase as a regulator of nitrogenase synthesis. J Bacteriol. 1974 Nov;120(2):815–821. doi: 10.1128/jb.120.2.815-821.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Stuttard C. Tryptophan biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium: location in trpB of a genetic difference between strains LT2 and LT7. J Bacteriol. 1975 Sep;123(3):878–887. doi: 10.1128/jb.123.3.878-887.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Tronick S. R., Ciardi J. E., Stadtman E. R. Comparative biochemical and immunological studies of bacterial glutamine synthetases. J Bacteriol. 1973 Sep;115(3):858–868. doi: 10.1128/jb.115.3.858-868.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Tubb R. S. Glutamine synthetase and ammonium regulation of nitrogenase synthesis in Klebsiella. Nature. 1974 Oct 11;251(5475):481–485. doi: 10.1038/251481a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Tyler B. M., Goldberg R. B. Transduction of chromosomal genes between enteric bacteria by bacteriophage P1. J Bacteriol. 1976 Mar;125(3):1105–1111. doi: 10.1128/jb.125.3.1105-1111.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Tyler B., Deleo A. B., Magasanik B. Activation of transcription of hut DNA by glutamine synthetase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Jan;71(1):225–229. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.1.225. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Weglenski P., Tyler B. Regulation of glnA messinger ribonucleic acid synthesis in Klebsiella aerogenes. J Bacteriol. 1977 Feb;129(2):880–887. doi: 10.1128/jb.129.2.880-887.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES