Skip to main content
PMC home page
Mediators of Inflammation logoLink to Mediators of Inflammation
. 1994;3(4):257–273. doi: 10.1155/S0962935194000360

Neutrophil-derived Oxidants and Proteinases as Immunomodulatory Mediators in Inflammation

V Witko-Sarsat 1, B Descamps-Latscha 1,✉
PMCID: PMC2367049  PMID: 18472951

Abstract

Neutrophils generate potent microbicidal molecules via the oxygen-dependent pathway, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), and via the non-oxygen dependent pathway, consisting in the release of serine proteinases and metalloproteinases stored in granules. Over the past years, the concept has emerged that both ROI and proteinases can be viewed as mediators able to modulate neutrophil responses as well as the whole inflammatory process. This is well illustrated by the oxidative regulation of proteinase activity showing that oxidants and proteinases acts is concert to optimize the microbicidal activity and to damage host tissues. ROI and proteinases can modify the activity of several proteins involved in the control of inflammatory process. Among them, tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8, are elective targets for such a modulation. Moreover, ROI and proteinases are also able to modulate the adhesion process of neutrophils to endothelial cells, which is a critical step in the inflammatory process.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (2.1 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adamson G. M., Billings R. E. Tumor necrosis factor induced oxidative stress in isolated mouse hepatocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Apr;294(1):223–229. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90161-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Allen R. C., Stjernholm R. L., Steele R. H. Evidence for the generation of an electronic excitation state(s) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and its participation in bactericidal activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1972 May 26;47(4):679–684. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90545-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Almeida R. P., Melchior M., Campanelli D., Nathan C., Gabay J. E. Complementary DNA sequence of human neutrophil azurocidin, an antibiotic with extensive homology to serine proteases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Jun 14;177(2):688–695. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)91843-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Aruoma O. I., Halliwell B., Hoey B. M., Butler J. The antioxidant action of taurine, hypotaurine and their metabolic precursors. Biochem J. 1988 Nov 15;256(1):251–255. doi: 10.1042/bj2560251. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Babior B. M. The respiratory burst of phagocytes. J Clin Invest. 1984 Mar;73(3):599–601. doi: 10.1172/JCI111249. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Baggiolini M., Clark-Lewis I. Interleukin-8, a chemotactic and inflammatory cytokine. FEBS Lett. 1992 Jul 27;307(1):97–101. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80909-z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Banda M. J., Rice A. G., Griffin G. L., Senior R. M. Alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor is a neutrophil chemoattractant after proteolytic inactivation by macrophage elastase. J Biol Chem. 1988 Mar 25;263(9):4481–4484. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Banda M. J., Rice A. G., Griffin G. L., Senior R. M. The inhibitory complex of human alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and human leukocyte elastase is a neutrophil chemoattractant. J Exp Med. 1988 May 1;167(5):1608–1615. doi: 10.1084/jem.167.5.1608. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Bangalore N., Travis J., Onunka V. C., Pohl J., Shafer W. M. Identification of the primary antimicrobial domains in human neutrophil cathepsin G. J Biol Chem. 1990 Aug 15;265(23):13584–13588. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Baud L., Affres H., Perez J., Ardaillou R. Reduction in tumor necrosis factor binding and cytotoxicity by hydrogen peroxide. J Immunol. 1990 Jul 15;145(2):556–560. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Bazil V., Strominger J. L. CD43, the major sialoglycoprotein of human leukocytes, is proteolytically cleaved from the surface of stimulated lymphocytes and granulocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 May 1;90(9):3792–3796. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.9.3792. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Berger M., Sorensen R. U., Tosi M. F., Dearborn D. G., Döring G. Complement receptor expression on neutrophils at an inflammatory site, the Pseudomonas-infected lung in cystic fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 1989 Oct;84(4):1302–1313. doi: 10.1172/JCI114298. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Beutler B., Cerami A. The biology of cachectin/TNF--a primary mediator of the host response. Annu Rev Immunol. 1989;7:625–655. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.07.040189.003205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Bini P., Gabay J. E., Teitel A., Melchior M., Zhou J. L., Elkon K. B. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis recognize conformational epitope(s) on proteinase 3. J Immunol. 1992 Aug 15;149(4):1409–1415. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Boone T. C., Johnson M. J., De Clerck Y. A., Langley K. E. cDNA cloning and expression of a metalloproteinase inhibitor related to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Apr;87(7):2800–2804. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.7.2800. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Bories D., Raynal M. C., Solomon D. H., Darzynkiewicz Z., Cayre Y. E. Down-regulation of a serine protease, myeloblastin, causes growth arrest and differentiation of promyelocytic leukemia cells. Cell. 1989 Dec 22;59(6):959–968. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90752-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Bradley J. R., Johnson D. R., Pober J. S. Endothelial activation by hydrogen peroxide. Selective increases of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and major histocompatibility complex class I. Am J Pathol. 1993 May;142(5):1598–1609. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Britigan B. E., Rosen G. M., Chai Y., Cohen M. S. Do human neutrophils make hydroxyl radical? Determination of free radicals generated by human neutrophils activated with a soluble or particulate stimulus using electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry. J Biol Chem. 1986 Apr 5;261(10):4426–4431. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Brot N., Weissbach L., Werth J., Weissbach H. Enzymatic reduction of protein-bound methionine sulfoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Apr;78(4):2155–2158. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.4.2155. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Buttke T. M., Sandstrom P. A. Oxidative stress as a mediator of apoptosis. Immunol Today. 1994 Jan;15(1):7–10. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(94)90018-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Campanelli D., Detmers P. A., Nathan C. F., Gabay J. E. Azurocidin and a homologous serine protease from neutrophils. Differential antimicrobial and proteolytic properties. J Clin Invest. 1990 Mar;85(3):904–915. doi: 10.1172/JCI114518. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Campanelli D., Melchior M., Fu Y., Nakata M., Shuman H., Nathan C., Gabay J. E. Cloning of cDNA for proteinase 3: a serine protease, antibiotic, and autoantigen from human neutrophils. J Exp Med. 1990 Dec 1;172(6):1709–1715. doi: 10.1084/jem.172.6.1709. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Campbell E. J. Human leukocyte elastase, cathepsin G, and lactoferrin: family of neutrophil granule glycoproteins that bind to an alveolar macrophage receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Nov;79(22):6941–6945. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.22.6941. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Campbell E. J., White R. R., Senior R. M., Rodriguez R. J., Kuhn C. Receptor-mediated binding and internalization of leukocyte elastase by alveolar macrophages in vitro. J Clin Invest. 1979 Sep;64(3):824–833. doi: 10.1172/JCI109530. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Capeillere-Blandin C., Delaveau T., Descamps-Latscha B. Structural modifications of human beta 2 microglobulin treated with oxygen-derived radicals. Biochem J. 1991 Jul 1;277(Pt 1):175–182. doi: 10.1042/bj2770175. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Capodici C., Muthukumaran G., Amoruso M. A., Berg R. A. Activation of neutrophil collagenase by cathepsin G. Inflammation. 1989 Jun;13(3):245–258. doi: 10.1007/BF00914392. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Carlsson S. R., Sasaki H., Fukuda M. Structural variations of O-linked oligosaccharides present in leukosialin isolated from erythroid, myeloid, and T-lymphoid cell lines. J Biol Chem. 1986 Sep 25;261(27):12787–12795. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Cawston T. E., Galloway W. A., Mercer E., Murphy G., Reynolds J. J. Purification of rabbit bone inhibitor of collagenase. Biochem J. 1981 Apr 1;195(1):159–165. doi: 10.1042/bj1950159. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Chang D. J., Ringold G. M., Heller R. A. Cell killing and induction of manganous superoxide dismutase by tumor necrosis factor-alpha is mediated by lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Oct 30;188(2):538–546. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)91089-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Crystal R. G., Brantly M. L., Hubbard R. C., Curiel D. T., States D. J., Holmes M. D. The alpha 1-antitrypsin gene and its mutations. Clinical consequences and strategies for therapy. Chest. 1989 Jan;95(1):196–208. doi: 10.1378/chest.95.1.196. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Cutruzzolá F., Ascenzi P., Barra D., Bolognesi M., Menegatti E., Sarti P., Schnebli H. P., Tomova S., Amiconi G. Selective oxidation of Met-192 in bovine alpha-chymotrypsin. Effect on catalytic and inhibitor binding properties. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Feb 13;1161(2-3):201–208. doi: 10.1016/0167-4838(93)90214-c. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Daher K. A., Lehrer R. I., Ganz T., Kronenberg M. Isolation and characterization of human defensin cDNA clones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(19):7327–7331. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.19.7327. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Davies K. J. Intracellular proteolytic systems may function as secondary antioxidant defenses: an hypothesis. J Free Radic Biol Med. 1986;2(3):155–173. doi: 10.1016/s0748-5514(86)80066-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Davies K. J., Lin S. W., Pacifici R. E. Protein damage and degradation by oxygen radicals. IV. Degradation of denatured protein. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jul 15;262(20):9914–9920. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Davies K. J. Protein damage and degradation by oxygen radicals. I. general aspects. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jul 15;262(20):9895–9901. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. DeClerck Y. A., Yean T. D., Chan D., Shimada H., Langley K. E. Inhibition of tumor invasion of smooth muscle cell layers by recombinant human metalloproteinase inhibitor. Cancer Res. 1991 Apr 15;51(8):2151–2157. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. DeClerck Y. A., Yean T. D., Lu H. S., Ting J., Langley K. E. Inhibition of autoproteolytic activation of interstitial procollagenase by recombinant metalloproteinase inhibitor MI/TIMP-2. J Biol Chem. 1991 Feb 25;266(6):3893–3899. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. DeForge L. E., Fantone J. C., Kenney J. S., Remick D. G. Oxygen radical scavengers selectively inhibit interleukin 8 production in human whole blood. J Clin Invest. 1992 Nov;90(5):2123–2129. doi: 10.1172/JCI116097. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. DeForge L. E., Preston A. M., Takeuchi E., Kenney J., Boxer L. A., Remick D. G. Regulation of interleukin 8 gene expression by oxidant stress. J Biol Chem. 1993 Dec 5;268(34):25568–25576. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Dean R. T., Nick H. P., Schnebli H. P. Free radicals inactivate human neutrophil elastase and its inhibitors with comparable efficiency. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Mar 15;159(2):821–827. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)90068-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Descamps-Latscha B., Herbelin A. Long-term dialysis and cellular immunity: a critical survey. Kidney Int Suppl. 1993 Jun;41:S135–S142. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Descamps-Latscha B. The immune system in end-stage renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1993 Nov;2(6):883–891. doi: 10.1097/00041552-199311000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Devarajan P., Johnston J. J., Ginsberg S. S., Van Wart H. E., Berliner N. Structure and expression of neutrophil gelatinase cDNA. Identity with type IV collagenase from HT1080 cells. J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 15;267(35):25228–25232. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Dizdaroglu M. Chemical determination of free radical-induced damage to DNA. Free Radic Biol Med. 1991;10(3-4):225–242. doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(91)90080-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Dröge W., Eck H. P., Mihm S. HIV-induced cysteine deficiency and T-cell dysfunction--a rationale for treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Immunol Today. 1992 Jun;13(6):211–214. doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(92)90156-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Döring G., Albus A., Høiby N. Immunologic aspects of cystic fibrosis. Chest. 1988 Aug;94(2 Suppl):109S–115S. doi: 10.1378/chest.94.2_supplement.109s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Elsbach P., Weiss J. Bactericidal/permeability increasing protein and host defense against gram-negative bacteria and endotoxin. Curr Opin Immunol. 1993 Feb;5(1):103–107. doi: 10.1016/0952-7915(93)90088-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Elsbach P., Weiss J. The bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), a potent element in host-defense against gram-negative bacteria and lipopolysaccharide. Immunobiology. 1993 Apr;187(3-5):417–429. doi: 10.1016/S0171-2985(11)80354-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Erzurum S. C., Lemarchand P., Rosenfeld M. A., Yoo J. H., Crystal R. G. Protection of human endothelial cells from oxidant injury by adenovirus-mediated transfer of the human catalase cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Apr 11;21(7):1607–1612. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.7.1607. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Ewert B. H., Jennette J. C., Falk R. J. The pathogenic role of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991 Aug;18(2):188–195. doi: 10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80879-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Falk R. J., Jennette J. C. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies with specificity for myeloperoxidase in patients with systemic vasculitis and idiopathic necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis. N Engl J Med. 1988 Jun 23;318(25):1651–1657. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198806233182504. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Falk R. J., Terrell R. S., Charles L. A., Jennette J. C. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies induce neutrophils to degranulate and produce oxygen radicals in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jun;87(11):4115–4119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.11.4115. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Farber C. M., Liebes L. F., Kanganis D. N., Silber R. Human B lymphocytes show greater susceptibility to H2O2 toxicity than T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1984 May;132(5):2543–2546. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Farber J. L., Kyle M. E., Coleman J. B. Mechanisms of cell injury by activated oxygen species. Lab Invest. 1990 Jun;62(6):670–679. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Fouret P., du Bois R. M., Bernaudin J. F., Takahashi H., Ferrans V. J., Crystal R. G. Expression of the neutrophil elastase gene during human bone marrow cell differentiation. J Exp Med. 1989 Mar 1;169(3):833–845. doi: 10.1084/jem.169.3.833. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Francis J. W., Todd R. F., 3rd, Boxer L. A., Petty H. R. Sequential expression of cell surface C3bi receptors during neutrophil locomotion. J Cell Physiol. 1989 Sep;140(3):519–523. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1041400317. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Franzini E., Sellak H., Hakim J., Pasquier C. Oxidative damage to lysozyme by the hydroxyl radical: comparative effects of scavengers. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 10;1203(1):11–17. doi: 10.1016/0167-4838(93)90030-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Freeman B. A., Crapo J. D. Biology of disease: free radicals and tissue injury. Lab Invest. 1982 Nov;47(5):412–426. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Gabay J. E., Almeida R. P. Antibiotic peptides and serine protease homologs in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: defensins and azurocidin. Curr Opin Immunol. 1993 Feb;5(1):97–102. doi: 10.1016/0952-7915(93)90087-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Gabay J. E., Heiple J. M., Cohn Z. A., Nathan C. F. Subcellular location and properties of bactericidal factors from human neutrophils. J Exp Med. 1986 Nov 1;164(5):1407–1421. doi: 10.1084/jem.164.5.1407. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Gabay J. E., Scott R. W., Campanelli D., Griffith J., Wilde C., Marra M. N., Seeger M., Nathan C. F. Antibiotic proteins of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jul;86(14):5610–5614. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.14.5610. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Galanos C., Freudenberg M. A. Bacterial endotoxins: biological properties and mechanisms of action. Mediators Inflamm. 1993;2(7):S11–S16. doi: 10.1155/S0962935193000687. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Gamble J. R., Harlan J. M., Klebanoff S. J., Vadas M. A. Stimulation of the adherence of neutrophils to umbilical vein endothelium by human recombinant tumor necrosis factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(24):8667–8671. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.24.8667. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Ganz T., Rayner J. R., Valore E. V., Tumolo A., Talmadge K., Fuller F. The structure of the rabbit macrophage defensin genes and their organ-specific expression. J Immunol. 1989 Aug 15;143(4):1358–1365. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Ganz T., Selsted M. E., Lehrer R. I. Defensins. Eur J Haematol. 1990 Jan;44(1):1–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1990.tb00339.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. George P. M., Vissers M. C., Travis J., Winterbourn C. C., Carrell R. W. A genetically engineered mutant of alpha 1-antitrypsin protects connective tissue from neutrophil damage and may be useful in lung disease. Lancet. 1984 Dec 22;2(8417-8418):1426–1428. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(84)91623-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Glaser C. B., Li C. H. Reaction of bovine growth hormone with hydrogen peroxide. Biochemistry. 1974 Feb 26;13(5):1044–1047. doi: 10.1021/bi00702a033. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Goldberg G. I., Marmer B. L., Grant G. A., Eisen A. Z., Wilhelm S., He C. S. Human 72-kilodalton type IV collagenase forms a complex with a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases designated TIMP-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Nov;86(21):8207–8211. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.21.8207. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Goldstein W., Döring G. Lysosomal enzymes from polymorphonuclear leukocytes and proteinase inhibitors in patients with cystic fibrosis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986 Jul;134(1):49–56. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1986.134.1.49. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Gougerot-Pocidalo M. A., Fay M., Roche Y., Chollet-Martin S. Mechanisms by which oxidative injury inhibits the proliferative response of human lymphocytes to PHA. Effect of the thiol compound 2-mercaptoethanol. Immunology. 1988 Jun;64(2):281–288. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Grisham M. B., Jefferson M. M., Melton D. F., Thomas E. L. Chlorination of endogenous amines by isolated neutrophils. Ammonia-dependent bactericidal, cytotoxic, and cytolytic activities of the chloramines. J Biol Chem. 1984 Aug 25;259(16):10404–10413. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Haddad P., Jenne D., Tschopp J., Clément M. V., Mathieu-Mahul D., Sasportes M. Structure and evolutionary origin of the human granzyme H gene. Int Immunol. 1991 Jan;3(1):57–66. doi: 10.1093/intimm/3.1.57. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Hagen E. C., Ballieux B. E., van Es L. A., Daha M. R., van der Woude F. J. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies: a review of the antigens involved, the assays, and the clinical and possible pathogenetic consequences. Blood. 1993 Apr 15;81(8):1996–2002. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Hakim R. M., Breillatt J., Lazarus J. M., Port F. K. Complement activation and hypersensitivity reactions to dialysis membranes. N Engl J Med. 1984 Oct 4;311(14):878–882. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198410043111403. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Halbwachs-Mecarelli L., Nusbaum P., Noël L. H., Reumaux D., Erlinger S., Grünfeld J. P., Lesavre P. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) directed against cathepsin G in ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1992 Oct;90(1):79–84. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb05835.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Halliwell B. Drug antioxidant effects. A basis for drug selection? Drugs. 1991 Oct;42(4):569–605. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199142040-00003. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Halliwell B., Gutteridge J. M. Oxygen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals and disease. Biochem J. 1984 Apr 1;219(1):1–14. doi: 10.1042/bj2190001. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. Halliwell B. Oxidants and human disease: some new concepts. FASEB J. 1987 Nov;1(5):358–364. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Hamilos D. L., Zelarney P., Mascali J. J. Lymphocyte proliferation in glutathione-depleted lymphocytes: direct relationship between glutathione availability and the proliferative response. Immunopharmacology. 1989 Nov-Dec;18(3):223–235. doi: 10.1016/0162-3109(89)90020-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Hanson R. D., Hohn P. A., Popescu N. C., Ley T. J. A cluster of hematopoietic serine protease genes is found on the same chromosomal band as the human alpha/delta T-cell receptor locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Feb;87(3):960–963. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.3.960. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Harlan J. M. Leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Blood. 1985 Mar;65(3):513–525. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Harlan J. M., Levine J. D., Callahan K. S., Schwartz B. R., Harker L. A. Glutathione redox cycle protects cultured endothelial cells against lysis by extracellularly generated hydrogen peroxide. J Clin Invest. 1984 Mar;73(3):706–713. doi: 10.1172/JCI111263. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Harrison J. E., Watson B. D., Schultz J. Myeloperoxidase and singlet oxygen: a reappraisal. FEBS Lett. 1978 Aug 15;92(2):327–332. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)80780-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Hasty K. A., Pourmotabbed T. F., Goldberg G. I., Thompson J. P., Spinella D. G., Stevens R. M., Mainardi C. L. Human neutrophil collagenase. A distinct gene product with homology to other matrix metalloproteinases. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jul 15;265(20):11421–11424. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. Heffner J. E., Repine J. E. Pulmonary strategies of antioxidant defense. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Aug;140(2):531–554. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/140.2.531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. Hiraishi H., Terano A., Razandi M., Sugimoto T., Harada T., Ivey K. J. Role of cellular superoxide dismutase against reactive oxygen metabolite injury in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jul 25;267(21):14812–14817. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  87. Hirose T., Patterson C., Pourmotabbed T., Mainardi C. L., Hasty K. A. Structure-function relationship of human neutrophil collagenase: identification of regions responsible for substrate specificity and general proteinase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Apr 1;90(7):2569–2573. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.7.2569. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  88. Hsu K. C., Chao M. V. Differential expression and ligand binding properties of tumor necrosis factor receptor chimeric mutants. J Biol Chem. 1993 Aug 5;268(22):16430–16436. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  89. Hubbard R. C., Crystal R. G. Alpha-1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Am J Med. 1988 Jun 24;84(6A):52–62. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(88)90159-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  90. Hubbard R. C., Fells G., Gadek J., Pacholok S., Humes J., Crystal R. G. Neutrophil accumulation in the lung in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Spontaneous release of leukotriene B4 by alveolar macrophages. J Clin Invest. 1991 Sep;88(3):891–897. doi: 10.1172/JCI115391. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  91. Hudig D., Ewoldt G. R., Woodard S. L. Proteases and lymphocyte cytotoxic killing mechanisms. Curr Opin Immunol. 1993 Feb;5(1):90–96. doi: 10.1016/0952-7915(93)90086-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  92. Hörl W. H., Schaefer R. M., Heidland A. Effect of different dialyzers on proteinases and proteinase inhibitors during hemodialysis. Am J Nephrol. 1985;5(5):320–326. doi: 10.1159/000166956. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  93. Imlay J. A., Linn S. DNA damage and oxygen radical toxicity. Science. 1988 Jun 3;240(4857):1302–1309. doi: 10.1126/science.3287616. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  94. Ishii Y., Partridge C. A., Del Vecchio P. J., Malik A. B. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated decrease in glutathione increases the sensitivity of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells to H2O2. J Clin Invest. 1992 Mar;89(3):794–802. doi: 10.1172/JCI115658. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  95. Janoff A. Elastases and emphysema. Current assessment of the protease-antiprotease hypothesis. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985 Aug;132(2):417–433. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1985.132.2.417. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  96. Janoff A., Sloan B., Weinbaum G., Damiano V., Sandhaus R. A., Elias J., Kimbel P. Experimental emphysema induced with purified human neutrophil elastase: tissue localization of the instilled protease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1977 Mar;115(3):461–478. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1977.115.3.461. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  97. Jenne D. E., Tschopp J., Lüdemann J., Utecht B., Gross W. L. Wegener's autoantigen decoded. Nature. 1990 Aug 9;346(6284):520–520. doi: 10.1038/346520a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  98. Joenje H. Genetic toxicology of oxygen. Mutat Res. 1989 Jul;219(4):193–208. doi: 10.1016/0921-8734(89)90001-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  99. Johnson D., Travis J. The oxidative inactivation of human alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor. Further evidence for methionine at the reactive center. J Biol Chem. 1979 May 25;254(10):4022–4026. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  100. Joslin G., Fallon R. J., Bullock J., Adams S. P., Perlmutter D. H. The SEC receptor recognizes a pentapeptide neodomain of alpha 1-antitrypsin-protease complexes. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jun 15;266(17):11282–11288. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  101. Joslin G., Griffin G. L., August A. M., Adams S., Fallon R. J., Senior R. M., Perlmutter D. H. The serpin-enzyme complex (SEC) receptor mediates the neutrophil chemotactic effect of alpha-1 antitrypsin-elastase complexes and amyloid-beta peptide. J Clin Invest. 1992 Sep;90(3):1150–1154. doi: 10.1172/JCI115934. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  102. Kalebic T., Kinter A., Poli G., Anderson M. E., Meister A., Fauci A. S. Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus expression in chronically infected monocytic cells by glutathione, glutathione ester, and N-acetylcysteine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 1;88(3):986–990. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.3.986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  103. Kam C. M., Kerrigan J. E., Dolman K. M., Goldschmeding R., Von dem Borne A. E., Powers J. C. Substrate and inhibitor studies on proteinase 3. FEBS Lett. 1992 Feb 3;297(1-2):119–123. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(92)80340-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  104. Kanost M. R., Prasad S. V., Wells M. A. Primary structure of a member of the serpin superfamily of proteinase inhibitors from an insect, Manduca sexta. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jan 15;264(2):965–972. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  105. Kao R. C., Wehner N. G., Skubitz K. M., Gray B. H., Hoidal J. R. Proteinase 3. A distinct human polymorphonuclear leukocyte proteinase that produces emphysema in hamsters. J Clin Invest. 1988 Dec;82(6):1963–1973. doi: 10.1172/JCI113816. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  106. Kaslovsky R. A., Gibbs L., Malik A. B. Neutrophils from chronic granulomatous disease fail to increase endothelial permeability. Am J Physiol. 1991 Oct;261(4 Pt 2):H1226–H1230. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1991.261.4.H1226. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  107. Kizaki M., Sakashita A., Karmakar A., Lin C. W., Koeffler H. P. Regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase and other antioxidant genes in normal and leukemic hematopoietic cells and their relationship to cytotoxicity by tumor necrosis factor. Blood. 1993 Aug 15;82(4):1142–1150. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  108. Klebanoff S. J., Kinsella M. G., Wight T. N. Degradation of endothelial cell matrix heparan sulfate proteoglycan by elastase and the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-chloride system. Am J Pathol. 1993 Sep;143(3):907–917. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  109. Kramps J. A., van Twisk C., Klasen E. C., Dijkman J. H. Interactions among stimulated human polymorphonuclear leucocytes, released elastase and bronchial antileucoprotease. Clin Sci (Lond) 1988 Jul;75(1):53–62. doi: 10.1042/cs0750053. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  110. Larrick J. W., Wright S. C. Cytotoxic mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. FASEB J. 1990 Nov;4(14):3215–3223. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.4.14.2172061. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  111. Laudanna C., Miron S., Berton G., Rossi F. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha/cachectin activates the O2(-)-generating system of human neutrophils independently of the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides and the release of arachidonic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Jan 15;166(1):308–315. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)91946-p. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  112. Lawrence M. B., McIntire L. V., Eskin S. G. Effect of flow on polymorphonuclear leukocyte/endothelial cell adhesion. Blood. 1987 Nov;70(5):1284–1290. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  113. Lawrence M. B., Springer T. A. Leukocytes roll on a selectin at physiologic flow rates: distinction from and prerequisite for adhesion through integrins. Cell. 1991 May 31;65(5):859–873. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90393-d. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  114. Lehrer R. I., Ganz T. Antimicrobial polypeptides of human neutrophils. Blood. 1990 Dec 1;76(11):2169–2181. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  115. Lemarchand P., Jaffe H. A., Danel C., Cid M. C., Kleinman H. K., Stratford-Perricaudet L. D., Perricaudet M., Pavirani A., Lecocq J. P., Crystal R. G. Adenovirus-mediated transfer of a recombinant human alpha 1-antitrypsin cDNA to human endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jul 15;89(14):6482–6486. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.14.6482. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  116. Lesavre P. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies antigen specificity. Am J Kidney Dis. 1991 Aug;18(2):159–163. doi: 10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80873-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  117. Liang C. M., Lee N., Cattell D., Liang S. M. Glutathione regulates interleukin-2 activity on cytotoxic T-cells. J Biol Chem. 1989 Aug 15;264(23):13519–13523. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  118. Liang S. M., Lee N., Finbloom D. S., Liang C. M. Regulation by glutathione of interleukin-4 activity on cytotoxic T cells. Immunology. 1992 Mar;75(3):435–440. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  119. Mason D. Y., Cramer E. M., Massé J. M., Crystal R., Bassot J. M., Breton-Gorius J. Alpha 1-antitrypsin is present within the primary granules of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Am J Pathol. 1991 Sep;139(3):623–628. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  120. Massagué J. Transforming growth factor-alpha. A model for membrane-anchored growth factors. J Biol Chem. 1990 Dec 15;265(35):21393–21396. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  121. McCord J. M. Oxygen-derived free radicals in postischemic tissue injury. N Engl J Med. 1985 Jan 17;312(3):159–163. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198501173120305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  122. McCord J. M. Oxygen-derived radicals: a link between reperfusion injury and inflammation. Fed Proc. 1987 May 15;46(7):2402–2406. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  123. McElvaney N. G., Hubbard R. C., Birrer P., Chernick M. S., Caplan D. B., Frank M. M., Crystal R. G. Aerosol alpha 1-antitrypsin treatment for cystic fibrosis. Lancet. 1991 Feb 16;337(8738):392–394. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91167-s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  124. McElvaney N. G., Nakamura H., Birrer P., Hébert C. A., Wong W. L., Alphonso M., Baker J. B., Catalano M. A., Crystal R. G. Modulation of airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis. In vivo suppression of interleukin-8 levels on the respiratory epithelial surface by aerosolization of recombinant secretory leukoprotease inhibitor. J Clin Invest. 1992 Oct;90(4):1296–1301. doi: 10.1172/JCI115994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  125. McIntosh I., Cutting G. R. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and the etiology and pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis. FASEB J. 1992 Jul;6(10):2775–2782. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.6.10.1378801. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  126. Meister A., Anderson M. E. Glutathione. Annu Rev Biochem. 1983;52:711–760. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.52.070183.003431. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  127. Melendez J. A., Baglioni C. Reduced expression of manganese superoxide dismutase in cells resistant to cytolysis by tumor necrosis factor. Free Radic Biol Med. 1992;12(2):151–159. doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(92)90009-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  128. Messina J. P., Lawrence D. A. Cell cycle progression of glutathione-depleted human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is inhibited at S phase. J Immunol. 1989 Sep 15;143(6):1974–1981. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  129. Monboisse J. C., Braquet P., Randoux A., Borel J. P. Non-enzymatic degradation of acid-soluble calf skin collagen by superoxide ion: protective effect of flavonoids. Biochem Pharmacol. 1983 Jan 1;32(1):53–58. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(83)90651-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  130. Muller W. A., Weigl S. A., Deng X., Phillips D. M. PECAM-1 is required for transendothelial migration of leukocytes. J Exp Med. 1993 Aug 1;178(2):449–460. doi: 10.1084/jem.178.2.449. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  131. Mulligan M. S., Desrochers P. E., Chinnaiyan A. M., Gibbs D. F., Varani J., Johnson K. J., Weiss S. J. In vivo suppression of immune complex-induced alveolitis by secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Dec 15;90(24):11523–11527. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.24.11523. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  132. Nakamura H., Yoshimura K., Jaffe H. A., Crystal R. G. Interleukin-8 gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 15;266(29):19611–19617. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  133. Nakamura H., Yoshimura K., McElvaney N. G., Crystal R. G. Neutrophil elastase in respiratory epithelial lining fluid of individuals with cystic fibrosis induces interleukin-8 gene expression in a human bronchial epithelial cell line. J Clin Invest. 1992 May;89(5):1478–1484. doi: 10.1172/JCI115738. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  134. Nathan C. F., Arrick B. A., Murray H. W., DeSantis N. M., Cohn Z. A. Tumor cell anti-oxidant defenses. Inhibition of the glutathione redox cycle enhances macrophage-mediated cytolysis. J Exp Med. 1981 Apr 1;153(4):766–782. doi: 10.1084/jem.153.4.766. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  135. Nathan C. F. Neutrophil activation on biological surfaces. Massive secretion of hydrogen peroxide in response to products of macrophages and lymphocytes. J Clin Invest. 1987 Dec;80(6):1550–1560. doi: 10.1172/JCI113241. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  136. Nathan C., Sporn M. Cytokines in context. J Cell Biol. 1991 Jun;113(5):981–986. doi: 10.1083/jcb.113.5.981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  137. Nathan C., Srimal S., Farber C., Sanchez E., Kabbash L., Asch A., Gailit J., Wright S. D. Cytokine-induced respiratory burst of human neutrophils: dependence on extracellular matrix proteins and CD11/CD18 integrins. J Cell Biol. 1989 Sep;109(3):1341–1349. doi: 10.1083/jcb.109.3.1341. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  138. Newman P. J., Berndt M. C., Gorski J., White G. C., 2nd, Lyman S., Paddock C., Muller W. A. PECAM-1 (CD31) cloning and relation to adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. Science. 1990 Mar 9;247(4947):1219–1222. doi: 10.1126/science.1690453. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  139. Nguyen A. T., Lethias C., Zingraff J., Herbelin A., Naret C., Descamps-Latscha B. Hemodialysis membrane-induced activation of phagocyte oxidative metabolism detected in vivo and in vitro within microamounts of whole blood. Kidney Int. 1985 Aug;28(2):158–167. doi: 10.1038/ki.1985.136. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  140. Nässberger L., Jonsson H., Sjöholm A. G., Sturfelt G., Heubner A. Circulating anti-elastase in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet. 1989 Mar 4;1(8636):509–509. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91420-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  141. Okada Y., Watanabe S., Nakanishi I., Kishi J., Hayakawa T., Watorek W., Travis J., Nagase H. Inactivation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases by neutrophil elastase and other serine proteinases. FEBS Lett. 1988 Feb 29;229(1):157–160. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80817-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  142. Ossanna P. J., Test S. T., Matheson N. R., Regiani S., Weiss S. J. Oxidative regulation of neutrophil elastase-alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor interactions. J Clin Invest. 1986 Jun;77(6):1939–1951. doi: 10.1172/JCI112523. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  143. Pacifici R. E., Kono Y., Davies K. J. Hydrophobicity as the signal for selective degradation of hydroxyl radical-modified hemoglobin by the multicatalytic proteinase complex, proteasome. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 25;268(21):15405–15411. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  144. Pacifici R. E., Salo D. C., Davies K. J. Macroxyproteinase (M.O.P.): a 670 kDa proteinase complex that degrades oxidatively denatured proteins in red blood cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 1989;7(5):521–536. doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(89)90028-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  145. Palluy O., Morliere L., Gris J. C., Bonne C., Modat G. Hypoxia/reoxygenation stimulates endothelium to promote neutrophil adhesion. Free Radic Biol Med. 1992;13(1):21–30. doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(92)90161-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  146. Patel K. D., Zimmerman G. A., Prescott S. M., McEver R. P., McIntyre T. M. Oxygen radicals induce human endothelial cells to express GMP-140 and bind neutrophils. J Cell Biol. 1991 Feb;112(4):749–759. doi: 10.1083/jcb.112.4.749. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  147. Peppin G. J., Weiss S. J. Activation of the endogenous metalloproteinase, gelatinase, by triggered human neutrophils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(12):4322–4326. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.12.4322. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  148. Pereira B. J., Shapiro L., King A. J., Falagas M. E., Strom J. A., Dinarello C. A. Plasma levels of IL-1 beta, TNF alpha and their specific inhibitors in undialyzed chronic renal failure, CAPD and hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 1994 Mar;45(3):890–896. doi: 10.1038/ki.1994.117. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  149. Perlmutter D. H., Glover G. I., Rivetna M., Schasteen C. S., Fallon R. J. Identification of a serpin-enzyme complex receptor on human hepatoma cells and human monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 May;87(10):3753–3757. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.10.3753. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  150. Perlmutter D. H., Joslin G., Nelson P., Schasteen C., Adams S. P., Fallon R. J. Endocytosis and degradation of alpha 1-antitrypsin-protease complexes is mediated by the serpin-enzyme complex (SEC) receptor. J Biol Chem. 1990 Oct 5;265(28):16713–16716. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  151. Pober J. S., Lapierre L. A., Stolpen A. H., Brock T. A., Springer T. A., Fiers W., Bevilacqua M. P., Mendrick D. L., Gimbrone M. A., Jr Activation of cultured human endothelial cells by recombinant lymphotoxin: comparison with tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 species. J Immunol. 1987 May 15;138(10):3319–3324. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  152. Pohlman T. H., Stanness K. A., Beatty P. G., Ochs H. D., Harlan J. M. An endothelial cell surface factor(s) induced in vitro by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin 1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases neutrophil adherence by a CDw18-dependent mechanism. J Immunol. 1986 Jun 15;136(12):4548–4553. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  153. Porteu F., Brockhaus M., Wallach D., Engelmann H., Nathan C. F. Human neutrophil elastase releases a ligand-binding fragment from the 75-kDa tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor. Comparison with the proteolytic activity responsible for shedding of TNF receptors from stimulated neutrophils. J Biol Chem. 1991 Oct 5;266(28):18846–18853. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  154. Postlethwaite A. E., Kang A. H. Collagen-and collagen peptide-induced chemotaxis of human blood monocytes. J Exp Med. 1976 Jun 1;143(6):1299–1307. doi: 10.1084/jem.143.6.1299. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  155. Postlethwaite A. E., Keski-Oja J., Balian G., Kang A. H. Induction of fibroblast chemotaxis by fibronectin. Localization of the chemotactic region to a 140,000-molecular weight non-gelatin-binding fragment. J Exp Med. 1981 Feb 1;153(2):494–499. doi: 10.1084/jem.153.2.494. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  156. Potempa J., Watorek W., Travis J. The inactivation of human plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by proteinases from Staphylococcus aureus. J Biol Chem. 1986 Oct 25;261(30):14330–14334. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  157. Powers J. C., Carroll D. L. Reaction of acyl carbazates with proteolytic enzymes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1975 Nov 17;67(2):639–644. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(75)90860-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  158. Rahman M. A., Nelson H., Weissbach H., Brot N. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the Escherichia coli peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase gene. J Biol Chem. 1992 Aug 5;267(22):15549–15551. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  159. Rao N. V., Wehner N. G., Marshall B. C., Gray W. R., Gray B. H., Hoidal J. R. Characterization of proteinase-3 (PR-3), a neutrophil serine proteinase. Structural and functional properties. J Biol Chem. 1991 May 25;266(15):9540–9548. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  160. Remold-O'Donnell E., Chin J., Alberts M. Sequence and molecular characterization of human monocyte/neutrophil elastase inhibitor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jun 15;89(12):5635–5639. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.12.5635. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  161. Remold-O'Donnell E., Davis A. E., 3rd, Kenney D., Bhaskar K. R., Rosen F. S. Purification and chemical composition of gpL115, the human lymphocyte surface sialoglycoprotein that is defective in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jun 5;261(16):7526–7530. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  162. Remold-O'Donnell E., Nixon J. C., Rose R. M. Elastase inhibitor. Characterization of the human elastase inhibitor molecule associated with monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. J Exp Med. 1989 Mar 1;169(3):1071–1086. doi: 10.1084/jem.169.3.1071. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  163. Renesto P., Ferrer-Lopez P., Chignard M. Interference of recombinant eglin C, a proteinase inhibitor extracted from leeches, with neutrophil-mediated platelet activation. Lab Invest. 1990 Apr;62(4):409–416. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  164. Rosen H., Klebanoff S. J. Hydroxyl radical generation by polymorphonuclear leukocytes measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. J Clin Invest. 1979 Dec;64(6):1725–1729. doi: 10.1172/JCI109637. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  165. Sacks T., Moldow C. F., Craddock P. R., Bowers T. K., Jacob H. S. Oxygen radicals mediate endothelial cell damage by complement-stimulated granulocytes. An in vitro model of immune vascular damage. J Clin Invest. 1978 May;61(5):1161–1167. doi: 10.1172/JCI109031. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  166. Sagone A. L., Jr, Husney R., Guter H., Clark L. Effect of catalase on the proliferation of human lymphocytes to phorbol myristate acetate. J Immunol. 1984 Sep;133(3):1488–1494. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  167. Salo D. C., Lin S. W., Pacifici R. E., Davies K. J. Superoxide dismutase is preferentially degraded by a proteolytic system from red blood cells following oxidative modification by hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Biol Med. 1988;5(5-6):335–339. doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(88)90105-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  168. Salvesen G., Farley D., Shuman J., Przybyla A., Reilly C., Travis J. Molecular cloning of human cathepsin G: structural similarity to mast cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte proteinases. Biochemistry. 1987 Apr 21;26(8):2289–2293. doi: 10.1021/bi00382a032. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  169. Samanta A. K., Dutta S., Ali E. Modification of sulfhydryl groups of interleukin-8 (IL-8) receptor impairs binding of IL-8 and IL-8-mediated chemotactic response of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6147–6153. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  170. Sanchez-Lopez R., Nicholson R., Gesnel M. C., Matrisian L. M., Breathnach R. Structure-function relationships in the collagenase family member transin. J Biol Chem. 1988 Aug 25;263(24):11892–11899. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  171. Satriano J. A., Shuldiner M., Hora K., Xing Y., Shan Z., Schlondorff D. Oxygen radicals as second messengers for expression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein, JE/MCP-1, and the monocyte colony-stimulating factor, CSF-1, in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha and immunoglobulin G. Evidence for involvement of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent oxidase. J Clin Invest. 1993 Sep;92(3):1564–1571. doi: 10.1172/JCI116737. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  172. Schall T. J., Lewis M., Koller K. J., Lee A., Rice G. C., Wong G. H., Gatanaga T., Granger G. A., Lentz R., Raab H. Molecular cloning and expression of a receptor for human tumor necrosis factor. Cell. 1990 Apr 20;61(2):361–370. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90816-w. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  173. Schleiffenbaum B., Moser R., Patarroyo M., Fehr J. The cell surface glycoprotein Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) mediates neutrophil adhesion and modulates degranulation independently of its quantitative cell surface expression. J Immunol. 1989 May 15;142(10):3537–3545. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  174. Schreck R., Albermann K., Baeuerle P. A. Nuclear factor kappa B: an oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor of eukaryotic cells (a review). Free Radic Res Commun. 1992;17(4):221–237. doi: 10.3109/10715769209079515. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  175. Seckinger P., Isaaz S., Dayer J. M. A human inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha. J Exp Med. 1988 Apr 1;167(4):1511–1516. doi: 10.1084/jem.167.4.1511. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  176. Seckinger P., Isaaz S., Dayer J. M. Purification and biologic characterization of a specific tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jul 15;264(20):11966–11973. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  177. Segal A. W., Abo A. The biochemical basis of the NADPH oxidase of phagocytes. Trends Biochem Sci. 1993 Feb;18(2):43–47. doi: 10.1016/0968-0004(93)90051-n. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  178. Selak M. A., Chignard M., Smith J. B. Cathepsin G is a strong platelet agonist released by neutrophils. Biochem J. 1988 Apr 1;251(1):293–299. doi: 10.1042/bj2510293. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  179. Senior R. M., Tegner H., Kuhn C., Ohlsson K., Starcher B. C., Pierce J. A. The induction of pulmonary emphysema with human leukocyte elastase. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1977 Sep;116(3):469–475. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1977.116.3.469. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  180. Shafer W. M., Pohl J., Onunka V. C., Bangalore N., Travis J. Human lysosomal cathepsin G and granzyme B share a functionally conserved broad spectrum antibacterial peptide. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jan 5;266(1):112–116. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  181. Shieh B. H., Travis J. The reactive site of human alpha 2-antiplasmin. J Biol Chem. 1987 May 5;262(13):6055–6059. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  182. Silverstein R. M., Hager L. P. The chloroperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of thiols and disulfides to sulfenyl chlorides. Biochemistry. 1974 Dec 3;13(25):5069–5073. doi: 10.1021/bi00722a001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  183. Slater T. F. Free-radical mechanisms in tissue injury. Biochem J. 1984 Aug 15;222(1):1–15. doi: 10.1042/bj2220001. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  184. Smith C. A., Davis T., Anderson D., Solam L., Beckmann M. P., Jerzy R., Dower S. K., Cosman D., Goodwin R. G. A receptor for tumor necrosis factor defines an unusual family of cellular and viral proteins. Science. 1990 May 25;248(4958):1019–1023. doi: 10.1126/science.2160731. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  185. Smith C. W., Kishimoto T. K., Abbassi O., Hughes B., Rothlein R., McIntire L. V., Butcher E., Anderson D. C., Abbass O. Chemotactic factors regulate lectin adhesion molecule 1 (LECAM-1)-dependent neutrophil adhesion to cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells in vitro. J Clin Invest. 1991 Feb;87(2):609–618. doi: 10.1172/JCI115037. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  186. Spitznagel J. K. Antibiotic proteins of human neutrophils. J Clin Invest. 1990 Nov;86(5):1381–1386. doi: 10.1172/JCI114851. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  187. Staite N. D., Messner R. P., Zoschke D. C. Inhibition of human T lymphocyte E rosette formation by neutrophils and hydrogen peroxide. Differential sensitivity between helper and suppressor T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1987 Oct 1;139(7):2424–2430. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  188. Stein P. E., Leslie A. G., Finch J. T., Turnell W. G., McLaughlin P. J., Carrell R. W. Crystal structure of ovalbumin as a model for the reactive centre of serpins. Nature. 1990 Sep 6;347(6288):99–102. doi: 10.1038/347099a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  189. Stetler-Stevenson W. G., Krutzsch H. C., Liotta L. A. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-2). A new member of the metalloproteinase inhibitor family. J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 15;264(29):17374–17378. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  190. Stockley R. A. alpha-1-Antitrypsin and the pathogenesis of emphysema. Lung. 1987;165(2):61–77. doi: 10.1007/BF02714424. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  191. Stricklin G. P., Welgus H. G. Human skin fibroblast collagenase inhibitor. Purification and biochemical characterization. J Biol Chem. 1983 Oct 25;258(20):12252–12258. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  192. Sturrock A. B., Franklin K. F., Rao G., Marshall B. C., Rebentisch M. B., Lemons R. S., Hoidal J. R. Structure, chromosomal assignment, and expression of the gene for proteinase-3. The Wegener's granulomatosis autoantigen. J Biol Chem. 1992 Oct 15;267(29):21193–21199. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  193. Suter S. Imbalance between polymorphonuclear leukocyte proteases and antiproteases in chronic pyogenic infections and its relation to the proteolysis of complement component C3. Complement. 1986;3(1):1–24. doi: 10.1159/000467874. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  194. Takahashi H., Nukiwa T., Yoshimura K., Quick C. D., States D. J., Holmes M. D., Whang-Peng J., Knutsen T., Crystal R. G. Structure of the human neutrophil elastase gene. J Biol Chem. 1988 Oct 15;263(29):14739–14747. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  195. Tauber A. I., Babior B. M. Evidence for hydroxyl radical production by human neutrophils. J Clin Invest. 1977 Aug;60(2):374–379. doi: 10.1172/JCI108786. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  196. Test S. T., Lampert M. B., Ossanna P. J., Thoene J. G., Weiss S. J. Generation of nitrogen-chlorine oxidants by human phagocytes. J Clin Invest. 1984 Oct;74(4):1341–1349. doi: 10.1172/JCI111544. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  197. Thomas R. M., Nauseef W. M., Iyer S. S., Peterson M. W., Stone P. J., Clark R. A. A cytosolic inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G. J Leukoc Biol. 1991 Dec;50(6):568–579. doi: 10.1002/jlb.50.6.568. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  198. Tielemans C. L., Delville J. P., Husson C. P., Madhoun P., Lambrechts A. M., Goldman M., Vanherweghem J. L. Adhesion molecules and leukocyte common antigen on monocytes and granulocytes during hemodialysis. Clin Nephrol. 1993 Mar;39(3):158–165. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  199. Tonnesen M. G., Anderson D. C., Springer T. A., Knedler A., Avdi N., Henson P. M. Adherence of neutrophils to cultured human microvascular endothelial cells. Stimulation by chemotactic peptides and lipid mediators and dependence upon the Mac-1, LFA-1, p150,95 glycoprotein family. J Clin Invest. 1989 Feb;83(2):637–646. doi: 10.1172/JCI113928. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  200. Tosi M. F., Berger M. Functional differences between the 40 kDa and 50 to 70 kDa IgG Fc receptors on human neutrophils revealed by elastase treatment and antireceptor antibodies. J Immunol. 1988 Sep 15;141(6):2097–2103. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  201. Travis J., Salvesen G. S. Human plasma proteinase inhibitors. Annu Rev Biochem. 1983;52:655–709. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.52.070183.003255. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  202. Tyagi S. C., Simon S. R. Regulation of neutrophil elastase activity by elastin-derived peptide. J Biol Chem. 1993 Aug 5;268(22):16513–16518. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  203. Vanholder R., Ringoir S., Dhondt A., Hakim R. Phagocytosis in uremic and hemodialysis patients: a prospective and cross sectional study. Kidney Int. 1991 Feb;39(2):320–327. doi: 10.1038/ki.1991.40. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  204. Visner G. A., Chesrown S. E., Monnier J., Ryan U. S., Nick H. S. Regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase: IL-1 and TNF induction in pulmonary artery and microvascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Oct 15;188(1):453–462. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)92406-n. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  205. Vissers M. C., Winterbourn C. C. Activation of human neutrophil gelatinase by endogenous serine proteinases. Biochem J. 1988 Jan 15;249(2):327–331. doi: 10.1042/bj2490327. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  206. Vissers M. C., Winterbourn C. C. Oxidative damage to fibronectin. I. The effects of the neutrophil myeloperoxidase system and HOCl. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991 Feb 15;285(1):53–59. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(91)90327-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  207. Vogelmeier C., Hubbard R. C., Fells G. A., Schnebli H. P., Thompson R. C., Fritz H., Crystal R. G. Anti-neutrophil elastase defense of the normal human respiratory epithelial surface provided by the secretory leukoprotease inhibitor. J Clin Invest. 1991 Feb;87(2):482–488. doi: 10.1172/JCI115021. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  208. Ward P. A. Mechanisms of endothelial cell injury. J Lab Clin Med. 1991 Nov;118(5):421–426. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  209. Ward P. A., Till G. O., Kunkel R., Beauchamp C. Evidence for role of hydroxyl radical in complement and neutrophil-dependent tissue injury. J Clin Invest. 1983 Sep;72(3):789–801. doi: 10.1172/JCI111050. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  210. Watorek W., Farley D., Salvesen G., Travis J. Neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G: structure, function, and biological control. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1988;240:23–31. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-1057-0_3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  211. Weiss S. J., Peppin G. J. Collagenolytic metalloenzymes of the human neutrophil. Characteristics, regulation and potential function in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol. 1986 Oct 1;35(19):3189–3197. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(86)90412-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  212. Weiss S. J., Peppin G., Ortiz X., Ragsdale C., Test S. T. Oxidative autoactivation of latent collagenase by human neutrophils. Science. 1985 Feb 15;227(4688):747–749. doi: 10.1126/science.2982211. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  213. Weiss S. J., Regiani S. Neutrophils degrade subendothelial matrices in the presence of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor. Cooperative use of lysosomal proteinases and oxygen metabolites. J Clin Invest. 1984 May;73(5):1297–1303. doi: 10.1172/JCI111332. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  214. Weiss S. J. Tissue destruction by neutrophils. N Engl J Med. 1989 Feb 9;320(6):365–376. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198902093200606. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  215. Welsh M. J., Fick R. B. Cystic fibrosis. J Clin Invest. 1987 Dec;80(6):1523–1526. doi: 10.1172/JCI113237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  216. Wieslander J. How are antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies detected? Am J Kidney Dis. 1991 Aug;18(2):154–158. doi: 10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80872-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  217. Wilhelm S. M., Collier I. E., Marmer B. L., Eisen A. Z., Grant G. A., Goldberg G. I. SV40-transformed human lung fibroblasts secrete a 92-kDa type IV collagenase which is identical to that secreted by normal human macrophages. J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 15;264(29):17213–17221. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  218. Witko-Sarsat V., Nguyen A. T., Descamps-Latscha B. Immunomodulatory role of phagocyte-derived chloramines involving lymphocyte glutathione. Mediators Inflamm. 1993;2(3):235–241. doi: 10.1155/S0962935193000328. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  219. Wong G. H., Goeddel D. V. Induction of manganous superoxide dismutase by tumor necrosis factor: possible protective mechanism. Science. 1988 Nov 11;242(4880):941–944. doi: 10.1126/science.3263703. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  220. Woodman R. C., Reinhardt P. H., Kanwar S., Johnston F. L., Kubes P. Effects of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) on neutrophil function in vitro and in inflamed microvessels. Blood. 1993 Oct 1;82(7):2188–2195. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  221. Yoo J. H., Erzurum S. C., Hay J. G., Lemarchand P., Crystal R. G. Vulnerability of the human airway epithelium to hyperoxia. Constitutive expression of the catalase gene in human bronchial epithelial cells despite oxidant stress. J Clin Invest. 1994 Jan;93(1):297–302. doi: 10.1172/JCI116959. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  222. Zimmer M., Medcalf R. L., Fink T. M., Mattmann C., Lichter P., Jenne D. E. Three human elastase-like genes coordinately expressed in the myelomonocyte lineage are organized as a single genetic locus on 19pter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 1;89(17):8215–8219. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.17.8215. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  223. von Andrian U. H., Chambers J. D., McEvoy L. M., Bargatze R. F., Arfors K. E., Butcher E. C. Two-step model of leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction in inflammation: distinct roles for LECAM-1 and the leukocyte beta 2 integrins in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 1;88(17):7538–7542. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.17.7538. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Mediators of Inflammation are provided here courtesy of Wiley

RESOURCES