Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1992 Jun;66(6):3616–3623. doi: 10.1128/jvi.66.6.3616-3623.1992

Herpes simplex virus type 1-mediated induction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus correlates with binding of nuclear proteins to the NF-kappa B enhancer and leader sequence.

J Vlach 1, P M Pitha 1
PMCID: PMC241144  PMID: 1316471

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection induces expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus in the chronically infected T-cell line ACH-2. The HSV-1-mediated induction correlates with the appearance of two NF-kappa B-specific proteins of 55 and 85 kDa in the nucleus and with the binding of 50-kDa nuclear protein to the LBP-1 binding site of the untranslated leader sequence of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. The HSV-1-induced LBP-1 binding protein, designated HLP-1, is present exclusively in HSV-1-infected, but not in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate- or tumor necrosis factor alpha-treated ACH-2 cells. Both the NF-kappa B and LBP-1 target sequences, when inserted either alone or together 5' of a heterologous minimal promoter (thymidine kinase), confer inducibility by HSV-1 infection in a transient transfection assay. Thus, it appears that the HSV-1-mediated activation of HIV-1 provirus is brought about by the binding of both NF-kappa B and HLP-1 specific proteins to two distinct regions of HIV-1 long terminal repeat.

Full text

PDF
3620

Images in this article

3618Image
on p.3618
3618Image
on p.3618
3618Image
on p.3618
3619Image
on p.3619
3619Image
on p.3619
3620Image
on p.3620
3620Image
on p.3620

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adachi A., Gendelman H. E., Koenig S., Folks T., Willey R., Rabson A., Martin M. A. Production of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated retrovirus in human and nonhuman cells transfected with an infectious molecular clone. J Virol. 1986 Aug;59(2):284–291. doi: 10.1128/jvi.59.2.284-291.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baeuerle P. A., Baltimore D. A 65-kappaD subunit of active NF-kappaB is required for inhibition of NF-kappaB by I kappaB. Genes Dev. 1989 Nov;3(11):1689–1698. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.11.1689. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Baeuerle P. A., Baltimore D. I kappa B: a specific inhibitor of the NF-kappa B transcription factor. Science. 1988 Oct 28;242(4878):540–546. doi: 10.1126/science.3140380. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Baeuerle P. A. The inducible transcription activator NF-kappa B: regulation by distinct protein subunits. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Apr 16;1072(1):63–80. doi: 10.1016/0304-419x(91)90007-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Ballard D. W., Walker W. H., Doerre S., Sista P., Molitor J. A., Dixon E. P., Peffer N. J., Hannink M., Greene W. C. The v-rel oncogene encodes a kappa B enhancer binding protein that inhibits NF-kappa B function. Cell. 1990 Nov 16;63(4):803–814. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90146-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Barry P. A., Pratt-Lowe E., Peterlin B. M., Luciw P. A. Cytomegalovirus activates transcription directed by the long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol. 1990 Jun;64(6):2932–2940. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.6.2932-2940.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Barry P. A., Pratt-Lowe E., Unger R. E., Luciw P. A. Cellular factors regulate transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol. 1991 Mar;65(3):1392–1399. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.3.1392-1399.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bours V., Villalobos J., Burd P. R., Kelly K., Siebenlist U. Cloning of a mitogen-inducible gene encoding a kappa B DNA-binding protein with homology to the rel oncogene and to cell-cycle motifs. Nature. 1990 Nov 1;348(6296):76–80. doi: 10.1038/348076a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Clouse K. A., Powell D., Washington I., Poli G., Strebel K., Farrar W., Barstad P., Kovacs J., Fauci A. S., Folks T. M. Monokine regulation of human immunodeficiency virus-1 expression in a chronically infected human T cell clone. J Immunol. 1989 Jan 15;142(2):431–438. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Ensoli B., Lusso P., Schachter F., Josephs S. F., Rappaport J., Negro F., Gallo R. C., Wong-Staal F. Human herpes virus-6 increases HIV-1 expression in co-infected T cells via nuclear factors binding to the HIV-1 enhancer. EMBO J. 1989 Oct;8(10):3019–3027. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08452.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Faber S. W., Wilcox K. W. Association of the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein ICP4 with specific nucleotide sequences in DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Aug 11;14(15):6067–6083. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.15.6067. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Folks T., Benn S., Rabson A., Theodore T., Hoggan M. D., Martin M., Lightfoote M., Sell K. Characterization of a continuous T-cell line susceptible to the cytopathic effects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated retrovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(13):4539–4543. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.13.4539. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gendelman H. E., Phelps W., Feigenbaum L., Ostrove J. M., Adachi A., Howley P. M., Khoury G., Ginsberg H. S., Martin M. A. Trans-activation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat sequence by DNA viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9759–9763. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.24.9759. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ghosh S., Gifford A. M., Riviere L. R., Tempst P., Nolan G. P., Baltimore D. Cloning of the p50 DNA binding subunit of NF-kappa B: homology to rel and dorsal. Cell. 1990 Sep 7;62(5):1019–1029. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90276-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gimble J. M., Duh E., Ostrove J. M., Gendelman H. E., Max E. E., Rabson A. B. Activation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat by herpes simplex virus type 1 is associated with induction of a nuclear factor that binds to the NF-kappa B/core enhancer sequence. J Virol. 1988 Nov;62(11):4104–4112. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.11.4104-4112.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Inoue J., Kerr L. D., Ransone L. J., Bengal E., Hunter T., Verma I. M. c-rel activates but v-rel suppresses transcription from kappa B sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):3715–3719. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.9.3715. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Jones K. A. HIV trans-activation and transcription control mechanisms. New Biol. 1989 Nov;1(2):127–135. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Jones K. A., Luciw P. A., Duchange N. Structural arrangements of transcription control domains within the 5'-untranslated leader regions of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 promoters. Genes Dev. 1988 Sep;2(9):1101–1114. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.9.1101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kato H., Horikoshi M., Roeder R. G. Repression of HIV-1 transcription by a cellular protein. Science. 1991 Mar 22;251(5000):1476–1479. doi: 10.1126/science.2006421. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kieran M., Blank V., Logeat F., Vandekerckhove J., Lottspeich F., Le Bail O., Urban M. B., Kourilsky P., Baeuerle P. A., Israël A. The DNA binding subunit of NF-kappa B is identical to factor KBF1 and homologous to the rel oncogene product. Cell. 1990 Sep 7;62(5):1007–1018. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90275-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kinter A. L., Poli G., Maury W., Folks T. M., Fauci A. S. Direct and cytokine-mediated activation of protein kinase C induces human immunodeficiency virus expression in chronically infected promonocytic cells. J Virol. 1990 Sep;64(9):4306–4312. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.9.4306-4312.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lenardo M. J., Baltimore D. NF-kappa B: a pleiotropic mediator of inducible and tissue-specific gene control. Cell. 1989 Jul 28;58(2):227–229. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90833-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Luckow B., Schütz G. CAT constructions with multiple unique restriction sites for the functional analysis of eukaryotic promoters and regulatory elements. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Jul 10;15(13):5490–5490. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.13.5490. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Molitor J. A., Walker W. H., Doerre S., Ballard D. W., Greene W. C. NF-kappa B: a family of inducible and differentially expressed enhancer-binding proteins in human T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Dec;87(24):10028–10032. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.24.10028. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Mosca J. D., Bednarik D. P., Raj N. B., Rosen C. A., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A., Hayward G. S., Pitha P. M. Activation of human immunodeficiency virus by herpesvirus infection: identification of a region within the long terminal repeat that responds to a trans-acting factor encoded by herpes simplex virus 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Nov;84(21):7408–7412. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.21.7408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Mosca J. D., Bednarik D. P., Raj N. B., Rosen C. A., Sodroski J. G., Haseltine W. A., Pitha P. M. Herpes simplex virus type-1 can reactivate transcription of latent human immunodeficiency virus. Nature. 1987 Jan 1;325(6099):67–70. doi: 10.1038/325067a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Nabel G. J., Rice S. A., Knipe D. M., Baltimore D. Alternative mechanisms for activation of human immunodeficiency virus enhancer in T cells. Science. 1988 Mar 11;239(4845):1299–1302. doi: 10.1126/science.2830675. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Nabel G., Baltimore D. An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells. Nature. 1987 Apr 16;326(6114):711–713. doi: 10.1038/326711a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Nolan G. P., Ghosh S., Liou H. C., Tempst P., Baltimore D. DNA binding and I kappa B inhibition of the cloned p65 subunit of NF-kappa B, a rel-related polypeptide. Cell. 1991 Mar 8;64(5):961–969. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90320-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Raj N. B., Au W. C., Pitha P. M. Identification of a novel virus-responsive sequence in the promoter of murine interferon-alpha genes. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jun 15;266(17):11360–11365. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Richardson P. M., Gilmore T. D. vRel is an inactive member of the Rel family of transcriptional activating proteins. J Virol. 1991 Jun;65(6):3122–3130. doi: 10.1128/jvi.65.6.3122-3130.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Rivière Y., Blank V., Kourilsky P., Israël A. Processing of the precursor of NF-kappa B by the HIV-1 protease during acute infection. Nature. 1991 Apr 18;350(6319):625–626. doi: 10.1038/350625a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Rosenberg Z. F., Fauci A. S. Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. FASEB J. 1991 Jul;5(10):2382–2390. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.5.10.1676689. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Ruben S. M., Dillon P. J., Schreck R., Henkel T., Chen C. H., Maher M., Baeuerle P. A., Rosen C. A. Isolation of a rel-related human cDNA that potentially encodes the 65-kD subunit of NF-kappa B. Science. 1991 Mar 22;251(5000):1490–1493. doi: 10.1126/science.2006423. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Sambucetti L. C., Cherrington J. M., Wilkinson G. W., Mocarski E. S. NF-kappa B activation of the cytomegalovirus enhancer is mediated by a viral transactivator and by T cell stimulation. EMBO J. 1989 Dec 20;8(13):4251–4258. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08610.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Sen R., Baltimore D. Multiple nuclear factors interact with the immunoglobulin enhancer sequences. Cell. 1986 Aug 29;46(5):705–716. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90346-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Stein B., Rahmsdorf H. J., Steffen A., Litfin M., Herrlich P. UV-induced DNA damage is an intermediate step in UV-induced expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, collagenase, c-fos, and metallothionein. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Nov;9(11):5169–5181. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.11.5169. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Strebel K., Klimkait T., Martin M. A. A novel gene of HIV-1, vpu, and its 16-kilodalton product. Science. 1988 Sep 2;241(4870):1221–1223. doi: 10.1126/science.3261888. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Urban M. B., Schreck R., Baeuerle P. A. NF-kappa B contacts DNA by a heterodimer of the p50 and p65 subunit. EMBO J. 1991 Jul;10(7):1817–1825. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07707.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Vlach J., Pitha P. M. Activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus in T-cells and macrophages is associated with induction of inducer-specific NF-kappa B binding proteins. Virology. 1992 Mar;187(1):63–72. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90295-z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Wu F. K., Garcia J. A., Harrich D., Gaynor R. B. Purification of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer and TAR binding proteins EBP-1 and UBP-1. EMBO J. 1988 Jul;7(7):2117–2130. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03051.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES