Skip to main content
PMC home page
Bulletin of the World Health Organization logoLink to Bulletin of the World Health Organization
. 1970;43(3):461–468.

Immunization against neonatal tetanus in New Guinea

4. Comparison of tetanus antitoxin titres abtained by haemagglutination and toxin neutralization in mice

M Carolyn Hardegree, Michael F Barile, Margaret Pittman, Clifford J Maloney, Frank Schofield, Robert MacLennan
PMCID: PMC2427686  PMID: 5313000

Abstract

Haemagglutination (HA) has been used frequently for the titration of tetanus antitoxin but published results have varied in relation to the ”unitage” determined by the mouse toxin-neutralization test (TN). This report gives the results of the titration of a group of sera by haemagglutination and compares them with the results obtained by toxin neutralization. Although there was marked variation between HA and TN titres of individual sera, results indicated that haemagglutination is a useful procedure for the over-all evaluation of the antitoxin responses to tetanus toxoids in field studies.

Full text

PDF
462

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BENENSON A. S., SHIVELY J. N., VIVONA S. Effect of irradiation and test system on development of tetanus antibodies. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1963 Mar;112:527–531. doi: 10.3181/00379727-112-28095. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BOYDEN S. V. The adsorption of proteins on erythrocytes treated with tannic acid and subsequent hemagglutination by antiprotein sera. J Exp Med. 1951 Feb;93(2):107–120. doi: 10.1084/jem.93.2.107. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Barile M. F., Hardegree M. C., Pittman M. Immunization against neonatal tetanus in New Guinea. 3. The toxin-neutralization test and the response of guinea-pigs to the toxoids as used in the immunization schedules in New Guinea. Bull World Health Organ. 1970;43(3):453–459. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. CHATTERJEE S. C. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE HAEMAGGLUTINATION AND BIOASSAY PROCEDURES FOR THE ASSAY OF GUINEA-PIG ANTI-DIPHTHERIA AND ANTITETANUS SERA. Indian J Med Res. 1964 Dec;52:1241–1249. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. CSIZMAS L. Preparation of formalinized erythrocytes. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1960 Jan;103:157–160. doi: 10.3181/00379727-103-25444. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. DANIEL T. M., WEYAND J. G., Jr, STAVITSKY A. B. MICROMETHODS FOR THE STUDY OF PROTEINS AND ANTIBODIES. IV. FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE PREPARATION AND USE OF A STABLE PREPARATION OF FORMALINIZED, TANNIC ACID-TREATED, PROTEIN-SENSITIZED ERYTHROCYTES FOR DETECTION OF ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY. J Immunol. 1963 May;90:741–750. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. FULTHORPE A. J. Factors influencing haemagglutination tests with tetanux antitoxin. Immunology. 1959 Apr;2(2):104–111. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. FULTHORPE A. J. Tetanus antitoxin titration by haemagglutination. J Hyg (Lond) 1957 Sep;55(3):382–401. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400037293. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. FULTHORPE A. J. Tetanus antitoxin tittration by haemagglutination at a low level of test. J Hyg (Lond) 1958 Jun;56(2):183–189. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400037670. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hirata A. A., Brandriss M. W. Passive hemagglutination procedures for protein and polysaccharide antigens using erythrocytes stabilized by aldehydes. J Immunol. 1968 Mar;100(3):641–646. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. LEVINE L., WYMAN L., BRODERICK E. J., IPSEN J., Jr A field study in triple immunization (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus). Estimation of 3 antibodies in infant sera from a single heel puncture using agglutination techniques. J Pediatr. 1960 Dec;57:836–843. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(60)80134-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. LEVINE L., WYMAN L. SURVEY OF IMMUNITY BY SEROLOGIC METHODS. RESULTS OF THREE SUCCESSIVE SURVEYS OF SAMPLES OF THE MASSACHUSETTS POPULATION FOR DIPHTHERIA AND TETANUS ANTITOXIN. N Engl J Med. 1965 Jan 7;272:23–26. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196501072720105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. LEVINE L., WYMAN L. TETANUS IMMUNITY IN THE NORTH AND SOUTH. JAMA. 1964 Feb 15;187:518–520. doi: 10.1001/jama.1964.03060200050009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Levine L., Wyman L., McComb J. A. Tetanus immune globulin from selected human plasmas. Six years of experience with a screening method. JAMA. 1967 Apr 24;200(4):341–344. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. MARSHALL J. D., Jr, SCHNEIDER N., SMITH F. J. Studies of tetanus toxin and antitoxin in human sera. II. Comparison of hemagglutination and mouse neutralization tests for determining circulating human tetanus antitoxin. Med Techn Bull. 1957 Jul-Aug;8(4):149–154. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. MacLennan R., Schofield F. D., Pittman M., Hardegree M. C., Barile M. F. Immunization against neonatal tetanus in New Guinea. Antitoxin response of pregnant women to adjuvant and plain toxoids. Bull World Health Organ. 1965;32(5):683–697. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. SCHUBERT J. H., CORNELL R. G. Determination of diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin by the hemagglutination test in comparison with tests in vivo. J Lab Clin Med. 1958 Nov;52(5):737–743. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. SEVER J. L. Application of a microtechnique to viral serological investigations. J Immunol. 1962 Mar;88:320–329. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. STAVITSKY A. B. Micromethods for the study of proteins and antibodies. I. Procedure and general applications of hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition reactions with tannic acid and protein-treated red blood cells. J Immunol. 1954 May;72(5):360–367. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. STAVITSKY A. B. Micromethods for the study of proteins and antibodies. II. Specific applications of hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition reactions with tannic acid and protein-treated red blood cells. J Immunol. 1954 May;72(5):368–375. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. SURJAN M., NYERGES G. Haemagglutination procedure for the assay of tetanus antitoxin of children's sera. Z Immun exp ther. 1962 Dec;124:390–400. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. SURJAN M., NYERGES G. THE STUDY OF "AVIDITY" OF DIPHTHERIA AND TETANUS ANTITOXINS. Z Immunitats Allergieforsch. 1964 Jul;127:75–84. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. TASMAN A., van RAMSHORST J., SMITH L. Determination of diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin with the aid of haemagglutination. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1960;26:413–429. doi: 10.1007/BF02539029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Bulletin of the World Health Organization are provided here courtesy of World Health Organization

RESOURCES