Abstract
The purified extracellular emulsifying factor produced by Arthrobacter RAG-1 (EF-RAG) emulsified light petroleum oil, diesel oil, and a variety of crude oils and gas oils. Although kerosine and gasoline were emulsified poorly by EF-RAG, they were converted into good substrates for emulsification by addition of aromatic compounds, such as 2-methylnaphthalene. Neither aromatic nor aliphatic fractions of crude oil were emulsified by EF-RAG; however, mixtures containing both fractions were emulsified. Pure aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons were emulsified poorly by EF-RAG. Binary mixtures containing an aliphatic and an aromatic hydrocarbon, however, were excellent substrates for EF-RAG-induced emulsification. Of a variety of alkylcyclohexane and alkylbenzene derivatives tested, only hexyl- or heptylbenzene and octyl- or decylcyclohexane were effectively emulsified by EF-RAG. These data indicate that for EF-RAG to induce emulsification of hydrocarbons in water, the hydrocarbon substrate must contain both aliphatic and cyclic components. With binary mixtures of methylnaphthalene and hexadecane, maximum emulsion was obtained with 25% hexadecane.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Giger W., Blumer M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment: isolation and characterization by chromatography, visible, ultraviolet, and mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 1974 Oct;46(12):1663–1671. doi: 10.1021/ac60348a036. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gutnick D. L., Rosenberg E. Oil tankers and pollution: a microbiological approach. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1977;31:379–396. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.31.100177.002115. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Horowitz A., Gutnick D., Rosenberg E. Sequential growth of bacteria on crude oil. Appl Microbiol. 1975 Jul;30(1):10–19. doi: 10.1128/am.30.1.10-19.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jobson A., Cook F. D., Westlake D. W. Microbial utilization of crude oil. Appl Microbiol. 1972 Jun;23(6):1082–1089. doi: 10.1128/am.23.6.1082-1089.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaeppeli O., Fiechter A. The mode of interaction between the substrate and cell surface of the hydrocarbon-utilizing yeast Candida tropicalis. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1976 Jul;18(7):967–974. doi: 10.1002/bit.260180709. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Katinger H. W. Influence of interfacial area and nonutilizable hydrocarbons on growth kinetics of Candida sp. in hydrocarbon fermentations. Biotechnol Bioeng Symp. 1973;0(4-1):485–505. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kennedy R. S., Finnerty W. R. Microbial assimilation of hydrocarbons. I. The fine-structure of a hydrocarbon oxidizing Acinetobacter sp. Arch Microbiol. 1975;102(2):75–83. doi: 10.1007/BF00428349. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nakahara T., Erickson L. E., Gutierrez J. R. Characteristics of hydrocarbon uptake in cultures with two liquid phases. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1977 Jan;19(1):9–25. doi: 10.1002/bit.260190103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rosenberg E., Zuckerberg A., Rubinovitz C., Gutnick D. L. Emulsifier of Arthrobacter RAG-1: isolation and emulsifying properties. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1979 Mar;37(3):402–408. doi: 10.1128/aem.37.3.402-408.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zajic J. E., Guignard H., Gerson D. F. Emulsifying and surface active agents from Corynebacterium hydrocarboclastus. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1977 Sep;19(9):1285–1301. doi: 10.1002/bit.260190904. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zajic J. E., Guignard H., Gerson D. F. Properties and biodegradation of a bioemulsifier from Corynebacterium hydrocarboclastus. Biotechnol Bioeng. 1977 Sep;19(9):1303–1320. doi: 10.1002/bit.260190905. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zajjc J. E., Panchal C. J. Bio-emulsifiers. CRC Crit Rev Microbiol. 1976 Nov;5(1):39–66. doi: 10.3109/10408417609102309. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]