Abstract
A novel method is described that allows a direct determination of the location of a portion of the dipicolinic acid (DPA) in spores. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is shown to cause cross-linkage of DPA to spore proteins which have the characteristics of membrane proteins. We suggest that DPA resides in the inner forespore membrane (IFSM) and spore cytoplasm (i.e., the spore protoplast). Only that portion of the DPA in the vicinity of the IFSM appeared to form UV-induced DPA-protein adducts.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Aronson A. I., Fitz-James P. C. Biosynthesis of bacterial spore coats. J Mol Biol. 1968 Apr 14;33(1):199–212. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90288-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carrier W. L., Setlow R. B. Paper strip method for assaying gradient fractions containing radioactive macromolecules. Anal Biochem. 1971 Oct;43(2):427–432. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(71)90272-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Farkas J., Kiss I. Observations on biochemical changes in irradiated spores of Bacillus cereus. Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung. 1965;12(1):15–28. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fitz-James P. C. Formation of protoplasts from resting spores. J Bacteriol. 1971 Mar;105(3):1119–1136. doi: 10.1128/jb.105.3.1119-1136.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Germaine G. R., Coggiola E., Murrell W. G. Development of ultraviolet resistance in sporulating Bacillus cereus T. J Bacteriol. 1973 Nov;116(2):823–831. doi: 10.1128/jb.116.2.823-831.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Germaine G. R., Murrell W. G. Effect of dipicolinic acid on the ultraviolet radiation resistance of Bacillus cereus spores. Photochem Photobiol. 1973 Mar;17(3):145–153. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1973.tb06344.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hitchins A. D., Greene R. A., Slepecky R. A. Effect of carbon source on size and associated properties of Bacillus megaterium spores. J Bacteriol. 1972 Apr;110(1):392–401. doi: 10.1128/jb.110.1.392-401.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Leanz G., Gilvarg C. Dipicolinic acid location in intact spores of Bacillus megaterium. J Bacteriol. 1973 Apr;114(1):455–456. doi: 10.1128/jb.114.1.455-456.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lewis J. C. Determination of dipicolinic acid in bacterial spores by ultraviolet spectrometry of the calcium chelate. Anal Biochem. 1967 May;19(2):327–337. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(67)90168-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MOROWITZ H. J. Absorption effects in volume irradiation of microorganisms. Science. 1950 Mar 3;111(2879):229–229. doi: 10.1126/science.111.2879.229-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- POWELL J. F. Isolation of dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2:6-dicarboxylic acid) from spores of Bacillus megatherium. Biochem J. 1953 May;54(2):210–211. doi: 10.1042/bj0540210. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pearce S. M., Fitz-James P. C. Spore refractility in variants of Bacillus cereus treated with actinomycin D. J Bacteriol. 1971 Jul;107(1):337–344. doi: 10.1128/jb.107.1.337-344.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STEWART B. T., HALVORSON H. O. Studies on the spores of aerobic bacteria. I. The occurrence of alanine racemase. J Bacteriol. 1953 Feb;65(2):160–166. doi: 10.1128/jb.65.2.160-166.1953. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Scherrer R., Gerhardt P. Location of calcium within Bacillus spores by electron probe x-ray microanalysis. J Bacteriol. 1972 Oct;112(1):559–568. doi: 10.1128/jb.112.1.559-568.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Strnad B. C., Sypherd P. S. Unique protein moieties for 30S and 50S ribosomes of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1969 Jun;98(3):1080–1086. doi: 10.1128/jb.98.3.1080-1086.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WARTH A. D., OHYE D. F., MURRELL W. G. Location and composition of spore mucopeptide in Bacillus species. J Cell Biol. 1963 Mar;16:593–609. doi: 10.1083/jcb.16.3.593. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wise J., Swanson A., Halvorson H. O. Dipicolinic acid-less mutants of Bacillus cereus. J Bacteriol. 1967 Dec;94(6):2075–2076. doi: 10.1128/jb.94.6.2075-2076.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Young R. W., Fulhorst H. W. Recovery of S35 radioactivity from protein-bearing polyacrylamide gel. Anal Biochem. 1965 May;11(2):389–391. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(65)90030-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]