Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1990 Dec;64(12):6234–6245. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.12.6234-6245.1990

Thermally inactivated simian virus 40 tsA58 mutant T antigen cannot initiate viral DNA replication in vitro.

I Reynisdóttir 1, D R O'Reilly 1, L K Miller 1, C Prives 1
PMCID: PMC248798  PMID: 2173789

Abstract

The mutation in the temperature-sensitive tsA58 mutant T antigen (Ala-438----Val) lies within the presumptive ATP-binding fold. We have constructed a recombinant baculovirus that expresses large quantities of the tsA58 T antigen in infected insect cells. The mutant T antigen mediated simian virus 40 origin-containing DNA (ori-DNA) synthesis in vitro to nearly the same extent as similar quantities of wild-type T antigen at 33 degrees C. However, if wild-type and tsA58 T antigens were heated at 41 degrees C in replication extracts prior to addition of template DNA, the tsA58 T antigen but not the wild type was completely inactivated. The mutant protein displayed greater thermosensitivity for many of the DNA replication activities of T antigen than did the wild-type protein. Some of the replication functions of tsA58 T antigen were differentially affected depending on the presence or absence of ATP during the preheating period. When tsA58 T antigen was preheated in the presence of ATP at 41 degrees C for a time sufficient to completely inactivate its ability to replicate ori-DNA in vitro, it displayed substantial ATPase and normal DNA helicase activities. Conversely, when preheated in the absence of nucleotide, it completely lost both ATPase and helicase activities. Preheating tsA58 T antigen, even in the presence of ATP, led to drastic reductions in its ability to bind to and unwind DNA containing the replication origin. The mutant T antigen also displayed thermosensitivity for binding to and unwinding nonspecific double-stranded DNA in the presence of ATP. Our results suggest that the interactions of T antigen with ATP that are involved in T-antigen DNA binding and DNA helicase activities are different. Moreover, we conclude, consistent with its phenotype in vivo, that the tsA58 T antigen is defective in the initiation but not in the putative elongation functions of T antigen in vitro.

Full text

PDF
6240

Images in this article

6237Image
on p.6237
6238Image
on p.6238
6239Image
on p.6239
6239Image
on p.6239
6240Image
on p.6240
6240Image
on p.6240
6241Image
on p.6241

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Alwine J. C., Reed S. I., Stark G. R. Characterization of the autoregulation of simian virus 40 gene A. J Virol. 1977 Oct;24(1):22–27. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.1.22-27.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Arthur A. K., Höss A., Fanning E. Expression of simian virus 40 T antigen in Escherichia coli: localization of T-antigen origin DNA-binding domain to within 129 amino acids. J Virol. 1988 Jun;62(6):1999–2006. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.6.1999-2006.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Auborn K. J., Markowitz R. B., Wang E., Yu Y. T., Prives C. Simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen binds specifically to double-stranded DNA but not to single-stranded DNA or DNA/RNA hybrids containing the SV40 regulatory sequences. J Virol. 1988 Jun;62(6):2204–2208. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.6.2204-2208.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Auborn K., Guo M., Prives C. Helicase, DNA-binding, and immunological properties of replication-defective simian virus 40 mutant T antigens. J Virol. 1989 Feb;63(2):912–918. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.2.912-918.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Borowiec J. A., Dean F. B., Bullock P. A., Hurwitz J. Binding and unwinding--how T antigen engages the SV40 origin of DNA replication. Cell. 1990 Jan 26;60(2):181–184. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90730-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Borowiec J. A., Hurwitz J. ATP stimulates the binding of simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen to the SV40 origin of replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jan;85(1):64–68. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.1.64. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Borowiec J. A., Hurwitz J. Localized melting and structural changes in the SV40 origin of replication induced by T-antigen. EMBO J. 1988 Oct;7(10):3149–3158. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03182.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bradley M. K., Smith T. F., Lathrop R. H., Livingston D. M., Webster T. A. Consensus topography in the ATP binding site of the simian virus 40 and polyomavirus large tumor antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(12):4026–4030. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.12.4026. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Bramhill D., Kornberg A. A model for initiation at origins of DNA replication. Cell. 1988 Sep 23;54(7):915–918. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90102-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Brugge J. S., Butel J. S. Role of simian virus 40 gene A function in maintenance of transformation. J Virol. 1975 Mar;15(3):619–635. doi: 10.1128/jvi.15.3.619-635.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Clark R., Peden K., Pipas J. M., Nathans D., Tjian R. Biochemical activities of T-antigen proteins encoded by simian virus 40 A gene deletion mutants. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Feb;3(2):220–228. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.2.220. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Clertant P., Gaudray P., May E., Cuzin F. The nucleotide binding site detected by affinity labeling in the large T proteins of polyoma and SV40 viruses is distinct from their ATPase catalytic site. J Biol Chem. 1984 Dec 25;259(24):15196–15203. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. DeLucia A. L., Lewton B. A., Tjian R., Tegtmeyer P. Topography of simian virus 40 A protein-DNA complexes: arrangement of pentanucleotide interaction sites at the origin of replication. J Virol. 1983 Apr;46(1):143–150. doi: 10.1128/jvi.46.1.143-150.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Dean F. B., Bullock P., Murakami Y., Wobbe C. R., Weissbach L., Hurwitz J. Simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication: SV40 large T antigen unwinds DNA containing the SV40 origin of replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jan;84(1):16–20. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.1.16. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Dean F. B., Dodson M., Echols H., Hurwitz J. ATP-dependent formation of a specialized nucleoprotein structure by simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen at the SV40 replication origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(24):8981–8985. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.24.8981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Deb S. P., Tegtmeyer P. ATP enhances the binding of simian virus 40 large T antigen to the origin of replication. J Virol. 1987 Dec;61(12):3649–3654. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.12.3649-3654.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Deb S., Tsui S., Koff A., DeLucia A. L., Parsons R., Tegtmeyer P. The T-antigen-binding domain of the simian virus 40 core origin of replication. J Virol. 1987 Jul;61(7):2143–2149. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.7.2143-2149.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. DiMaio D., Nathans D. Regulatory mutants of simian virus 40. Effect of mutations at a T antigen binding site on DNA replication and expression of viral genes. J Mol Biol. 1982 Apr 15;156(3):531–548. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90265-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Edwards C. A., Khoury G., Martin R. G. Phosphorylation of T-antigen and control T-antigen expression in cells transformed by wild-type and tsA mutants of simian virus 40. J Virol. 1979 Feb;29(2):753–762. doi: 10.1128/jvi.29.2.753-762.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Fanning E., Nowak B., Burger C. Detection and characterization of multiple forms of simian virus 40 large T antigen. J Virol. 1981 Jan;37(1):92–102. doi: 10.1128/jvi.37.1.92-102.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Gannon J. V., Lane D. P. Interactions between SV40 T antigen and DNA polymerase alpha. New Biol. 1990 Jan;2(1):84–92. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Gannon J. V., Lane D. P. p53 and DNA polymerase alpha compete for binding to SV40 T antigen. Nature. 1987 Oct 1;329(6138):456–458. doi: 10.1038/329456a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Giacherio D., Hager L. P. A poly(dT)-stimulated ATPase activity associated with simian virus 40 large T antigen. J Biol Chem. 1979 Sep 10;254(17):8113–8116. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Goetz G. S., Dean F. B., Hurwitz J., Matson S. W. The unwinding of duplex regions in DNA by the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen-associated DNA helicase activity. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jan 5;263(1):383–392. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Harlow E., Crawford L. V., Pim D. C., Williamson N. M. Monoclonal antibodies specific for simian virus 40 tumor antigens. J Virol. 1981 Sep;39(3):861–869. doi: 10.1128/jvi.39.3.861-869.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Hinzpeter M., Deppert W. Analysis of biological and biochemical parameters for chromatin and nuclear matrix association of SV40 large T antigen in transformed cells. Oncogene. 1987 May;1(2):119–129. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Jones K. A., Tjian R. Essential contact residues within SV40 large T antigen binding sites I and II identified by alkylation-interference. Cell. 1984 Jan;36(1):155–162. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90084-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Kahn M., Kolter R., Thomas C., Figurski D., Meyer R., Remaut E., Helinski D. R. Plasmid cloning vehicles derived from plasmids ColE1, F, R6K, and RK2. Methods Enzymol. 1979;68:268–280. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(79)68019-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. LeBowitz J. H., McMacken R. The Escherichia coli dnaB replication protein is a DNA helicase. J Biol Chem. 1986 Apr 5;261(10):4738–4748. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Li J. J., Kelly T. J. Simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):6973–6977. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.22.6973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Loeber G., Parsons R., Tegtmeyer P. The zinc finger region of simian virus 40 large T antigen. J Virol. 1989 Jan;63(1):94–100. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.1.94-100.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Loeber G., Tevethia M. J., Schwedes J. F., Tegtmeyer P. Temperature-sensitive mutants identify crucial structural regions of simian virus 40 large T antigen. J Virol. 1989 Oct;63(10):4426–4430. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.10.4426-4430.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Martin R. G., Chou J. Y. Simian virus 40 functions required for the establishment and maintenance of malignant transformation. J Virol. 1975 Mar;15(3):599–612. doi: 10.1128/jvi.15.3.599-612.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Miller L. K. Baculoviruses as gene expression vectors. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1988;42:177–199. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.42.100188.001141. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Montenarh M., Kohler M., Aggeler G., Henning R. Structural prerequisites of simian virus 40 large T antigen for the maintenance of cell transformation. EMBO J. 1985 Nov;4(11):2941–2947. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04027.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Montenarh M., Kohler M., Henning R. Complex formation of simian virus 40 large T antigen with cellular protein p53. J Virol. 1986 Nov;60(2):761–764. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.2.761-764.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Montenarh M., Kohler M., Henning R. Oligomerization of simian virus 40 large T antigen is not necessarily repressed by temperature-sensitive A gene lesions. J Virol. 1984 Mar;49(3):658–664. doi: 10.1128/jvi.49.3.658-664.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Murakami Y., Eki T., Yamada M., Prives C., Hurwitz J. Species-specific in vitro synthesis of DNA containing the polyoma virus origin of replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(17):6347–6351. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.17.6347. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Murphy C. I., Weiner B., Bikel I., Piwnica-Worms H., Bradley M. K., Livingston D. M. Purification and functional properties of simian virus 40 large and small T antigens overproduced in insect cells. J Virol. 1988 Aug;62(8):2951–2959. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.8.2951-2959.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Myers R. M., Tjian R. Construction and analysis of simian virus 40 origins defective in tumor antigen binding and DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Nov;77(11):6491–6495. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.11.6491. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. O'Reilly D. R., Miller L. K. Expression and complex formation of simian virus 40 large T antigen and mouse p53 in insect cells. J Virol. 1988 Sep;62(9):3109–3119. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.9.3109-3119.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Paucha E., Kalderon D., Harvey R. W., Smith A. E. Simian virus 40 origin DNA-binding domain on large T antigen. J Virol. 1986 Jan;57(1):50–64. doi: 10.1128/jvi.57.1.50-64.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Prives C., Barnet B., Scheller A., Khoury G., Jay G. Discrete regions of simian virus 40 large T antigen are required for nonspecific and viral origin-specific DNA binding. J Virol. 1982 Jul;43(1):73–82. doi: 10.1128/jvi.43.1.73-82.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Reed S. I., Stark G. R., Alwine J. C. Autoregulation of simian virus 40 gene A by T antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Sep;73(9):3083–3087. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.9.3083. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Rio D., Robbins A., Myers R., Tjian R. Regulation of simian virus 40 early transcription in vitro by a purified tumor antigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Oct;77(10):5706–5710. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.10.5706. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Roberts J. M. Simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen causes stepwise changes in SV40 origin structure during initiation of DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jun;86(11):3939–3943. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.11.3939. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Scheffner M., Wessel R., Stahl H. Sequence independent duplex DNA opening reaction catalysed by SV40 large tumor antigen. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jan 11;17(1):93–106. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.1.93. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Schirmbeck R., Deppert W. Specific interaction of simian virus 40 large T antigen with cellular chromatin and nuclear matrix during the course of infection. J Virol. 1987 Nov;61(11):3561–3569. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.11.3561-3569.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Schneider J., Fanning E. Mutations in the phosphorylation sites of simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen alter its origin DNA-binding specificity for sites I or II and affect SV40 DNA replication activity. J Virol. 1988 May;62(5):1598–1605. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.5.1598-1605.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Schürmann C., Montenarh M., Kohler M., Henning R. Oligomerization of simian virus 40 tumor antigen may be involved in viral DNA replication. Virology. 1985 Oct 15;146(1):1–11. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90047-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Simanis V., Lane D. P. An immunoaffinity purification procedure for SV40 large T antigen. Virology. 1985 Jul 15;144(1):88–100. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90308-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Simmons D. T. DNA-binding region of the simian virus 40 tumor antigen. J Virol. 1986 Mar;57(3):776–785. doi: 10.1128/jvi.57.3.776-785.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Simmons D. T. Geometry of the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen-DNA complex as probed by protease digestion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(7):2086–2090. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.7.2086. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Simmons D. T., Loeber G., Tegtmeyer P. Four major sequence elements of simian virus 40 large T antigen coordinate its specific and nonspecific DNA binding. J Virol. 1990 May;64(5):1973–1983. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.5.1973-1983.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Smale S. T., Tjian R. T-antigen-DNA polymerase alpha complex implicated in simian virus 40 DNA replication. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Nov;6(11):4077–4087. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.11.4077. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Stahl H., Dröge P., Knippers R. DNA helicase activity of SV40 large tumor antigen. EMBO J. 1986 Aug;5(8):1939–1944. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04447.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Stahl H., Dröge P., Zentgraf H., Knippers R. A large-tumor-antigen-specific monoclonal antibody inhibits DNA replication of simian virus 40 minichromosomes in an in vitro elongation system. J Virol. 1985 May;54(2):473–482. doi: 10.1128/jvi.54.2.473-482.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Stahl H., Knippers R. The simian virus 40 large tumor antigen. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987 Oct 9;910(1):1–10. doi: 10.1016/0167-4781(87)90088-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Stetter G., Montenarh M. Complex interaction of SV40 large T antigen with the control region on the SV40 DNA. Oncogene. 1989 Nov;4(11):1353–1357. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Stetter G., Müller D., Montenarh M. SV40 T-antigen binding to site II is functionally separated from binding to site I. Virology. 1988 Jun;164(2):309–317. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(88)90543-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Stillman B., Gerard R. D., Guggenheimer R. A., Gluzman Y. T antigen and template requirements for SV40 DNA replication in vitro. EMBO J. 1985 Nov;4(11):2933–2939. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04026.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Strauss M., Argani P., Mohr I. J., Gluzman Y. Studies on the origin-specific DNA-binding domain of simian virus 40 large T antigen. J Virol. 1987 Oct;61(10):3326–3330. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.10.3326-3330.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Tegtmeyer P. Function of simian virus 40 gene A in transforming infection. J Virol. 1975 Mar;15(3):613–618. doi: 10.1128/jvi.15.3.613-618.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Tegtmeyer P., Ozer H. L. Temperature-sensitive mutants of simian virus 40: infection of permissive cells. J Virol. 1971 Oct;8(4):516–524. doi: 10.1128/jvi.8.4.516-524.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Tegtmeyer P., Schwartz M., Collins J. K., Rundell K. Regulation of tumor antigen synthesis by simain virus 40 gene A. J Virol. 1975 Jul;16(1):168–178. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.1.168-178.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Tegtmeyer P. Simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis: the viral replicon. J Virol. 1972 Oct;10(4):591–598. doi: 10.1128/jvi.10.4.591-598.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Tjian R., Robbins A. Enzymatic activities associated with a purified simian virus 40 T antigen-related protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Feb;76(2):610–614. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.2.610. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Tsurimoto T., Fairman M. P., Stillman B. Simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro: identification of multiple stages of initiation. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Sep;9(9):3839–3849. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.9.3839. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Twigg A. J., Sherratt D. Trans-complementable copy-number mutants of plasmid ColE1. Nature. 1980 Jan 10;283(5743):216–218. doi: 10.1038/283216a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Virshup D. M., Kelly T. J. Purification of replication protein C, a cellular protein involved in the initial stages of simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 May;86(10):3584–3588. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.10.3584. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Wang E. H., Friedman P. N., Prives C. The murine p53 protein blocks replication of SV40 DNA in vitro by inhibiting the initiation functions of SV40 large T antigen. Cell. 1989 May 5;57(3):379–392. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90913-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Wiekowski M., Dröge P., Stahl H. Monoclonal antibodies as probes for a function of large T antigen during the elongation process of simian virus 40 DNA replication. J Virol. 1987 Feb;61(2):411–418. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.2.411-418.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Wiekowski M., Schwarz M. W., Stahl H. Simian virus 40 large T antigen DNA helicase. Characterization of the ATPase-dependent DNA unwinding activity and its substrate requirements. J Biol Chem. 1988 Jan 5;263(1):436–442. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Wilson V. G., Tevethia M. J., Lewton B. A., Tegtmeyer P. DNA binding properties of simian virus 40 temperature-sensitive A proteins. J Virol. 1982 Nov;44(2):458–466. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.2.458-466.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Wobbe C. R., Dean F., Weissbach L., Hurwitz J. In vitro replication of duplex circular DNA containing the simian virus 40 DNA origin site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep;82(17):5710–5714. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.17.5710. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES