Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1990 Mar;64(3):1207–1216. doi: 10.1128/jvi.64.3.1207-1216.1990

Isolation and partial characterization of an unusual human immunodeficiency retrovirus from two persons of west-central African origin.

R De Leys 1, B Vanderborght 1, M Vanden Haesevelde 1, L Heyndrickx 1, A van Geel 1, C Wauters 1, R Bernaerts 1, E Saman 1, P Nijs 1, B Willems 1, et al.
PMCID: PMC249235  PMID: 2304140

Abstract

An unusual human retrovirus was isolated from two patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy who originate from West-Central Africa and are currently residing in Belgium. Although the virus shared a number of the same biological and morphological properties as human immunodeficiency retrovirus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2, significant antigenic differences could be demonstrated. Several of the viral proteins also differed in molecular weight from the corresponding HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteins. Partial chemical cleavage of the most highly conserved viral proteins resulted in patterns which differed from those of HIV-1 and HIV-2. Furthermore, nucleic acid hybridization experiments were capable of discriminating between the virus types. Sequence analysis of the viral U3 region revealed a unique enhancer organization not found in other immunodeficiency viruses. The data indicated that the new isolate is more closely related to HIV-1 than to HIV-2 but clearly differs in a number of important respects.

Full text

PDF
1210

Images in this article

1209Image
on p.1209
1212Image
on p.1212
1213Image
on p.1213

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Alizon M., Wain-Hobson S., Montagnier L., Sonigo P. Genetic variability of the AIDS virus: nucleotide sequence analysis of two isolates from African patients. Cell. 1986 Jul 4;46(1):63–74. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90860-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barin F., M'Boup S., Denis F., Kanki P., Allan J. S., Lee T. H., Essex M. Serological evidence for virus related to simian T-lymphotropic retrovirus III in residents of west Africa. Lancet. 1985 Dec 21;2(8469-70):1387–1389. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92556-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Barré-Sinoussi F., Chermann J. C., Rey F., Nugeyre M. T., Chamaret S., Gruest J., Dauguet C., Axler-Blin C., Vézinet-Brun F., Rouzioux C. Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):868–871. doi: 10.1126/science.6189183. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Benn S., Rutledge R., Folks T., Gold J., Baker L., McCormick J., Feorino P., Piot P., Quinn T., Martin M. Genomic heterogeneity of AIDS retroviral isolates from North America and Zaire. Science. 1985 Nov 22;230(4728):949–951. doi: 10.1126/science.2997922. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Clavel F., Guétard D., Brun-Vézinet F., Chamaret S., Rey M. A., Santos-Ferreira M. O., Laurent A. G., Dauguet C., Katlama C., Rouzioux C. Isolation of a new human retrovirus from West African patients with AIDS. Science. 1986 Jul 18;233(4761):343–346. doi: 10.1126/science.2425430. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Clavel F. HIV-2, the West African AIDS virus. AIDS. 1987 Sep;1(3):135–140. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Daniel M. D., Letvin N. L., King N. W., Kannagi M., Sehgal P. K., Hunt R. D., Kanki P. J., Essex M., Desrosiers R. C. Isolation of T-cell tropic HTLV-III-like retrovirus from macaques. Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1201–1204. doi: 10.1126/science.3159089. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dunn S. D. Effects of the modification of transfer buffer composition and the renaturation of proteins in gels on the recognition of proteins on Western blots by monoclonal antibodies. Anal Biochem. 1986 Aug 15;157(1):144–153. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(86)90207-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Durand D. B., Shaw J. P., Bush M. R., Replogle R. E., Belagaje R., Crabtree G. R. Characterization of antigen receptor response elements within the interleukin-2 enhancer. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Apr;8(4):1715–1724. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.4.1715. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Fleury H. J., Babin M., Bonnici J. F., Bailly C., Chancerel B., Le Bras M. Virus related to but not identical with LAV/HTLV-III in Cameroon. Lancet. 1986 Apr 12;1(8485):854–854. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90959-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fujita T., Shibuya H., Ohashi T., Yamanishi K., Taniguchi T. Regulation of human interleukin-2 gene: functional DNA sequences in the 5' flanking region for the gene expression in activated T lymphocytes. Cell. 1986 Aug 1;46(3):401–405. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90660-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gallo R. C., Salahuddin S. Z., Popovic M., Shearer G. M., Kaplan M., Haynes B. F., Palker T. J., Redfield R., Oleske J., Safai B. Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS. Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):500–503. doi: 10.1126/science.6200936. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Garcia J. A., Harrich D., Soultanakis E., Wu F., Mitsuyasu R., Gaynor R. B. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR TATA and TAR region sequences required for transcriptional regulation. EMBO J. 1989 Mar;8(3):765–778. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03437.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Garcia J. A., Wu F. K., Mitsuyasu R., Gaynor R. B. Interactions of cellular proteins involved in the transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus. EMBO J. 1987 Dec 1;6(12):3761–3770. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02711.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gaynor R. B., Kuwabara M. D., Wu F. K., Garcia J. A., Harrich D., Briskin M., Wall R., Sigman D. S. Repeated B motifs in the human immunodeficiency virus type I long terminal repeat enhancer region do not exhibit cooperative factor binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(24):9406–9410. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.24.9406. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hirsch V., Riedel N., Kornfeld H., Kanki P. J., Essex M., Mullins J. I. Cross-reactivity to human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus and molecular cloning of simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type III from African green monkeys. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(24):9754–9758. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.24.9754. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kestler H. W., 3rd, Li Y., Naidu Y. M., Butler C. V., Ochs M. F., Jaenel G., King N. W., Daniel M. D., Desrosiers R. C. Comparison of simian immunodeficiency virus isolates. Nature. 1988 Feb 18;331(6157):619–622. doi: 10.1038/331619a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kikukawa R., Koyanagi Y., Harada S., Kobayashi N., Hatanaka M., Yamamoto N. Differential susceptibility to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retrovirus in cloned cells of human leukemic T-cell line Molt-4. J Virol. 1986 Mar;57(3):1159–1162. doi: 10.1128/jvi.57.3.1159-1162.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Koyanagi Y., Harada S., Takahashi M., Uchino F., Yamamoto N. Selective cytotoxicity of AIDS virus infection towards HTLV-I-transformed cell lines. Int J Cancer. 1985 Oct 15;36(4):445–451. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910360406. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Levy J. A., Hoffman A. D., Kramer S. M., Landis J. A., Shimabukuro J. M., Oshiro L. S. Isolation of lymphocytopathic retroviruses from San Francisco patients with AIDS. Science. 1984 Aug 24;225(4664):840–842. doi: 10.1126/science.6206563. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Levy J. A., Shimabukuro J. Recovery of AIDS-associated retroviruses from patients with AIDS or AIDS-related conditions and from clinically healthy individuals. J Infect Dis. 1985 Oct;152(4):734–738. doi: 10.1093/infdis/152.4.734. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lowenthal J. W., Böhnlein E., Ballard D. W., Greene W. C. Regulation of interleukin 2 receptor alpha subunit (Tac or CD25 antigen) gene expression: binding of inducible nuclear proteins to discrete promoter sequences correlates with transcriptional activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(12):4468–4472. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.12.4468. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Magasiny S., Spire B., Barré-Sinoussi F., Chermann J. C. Genomic variability of selected LAV-related AIDS retroviruses. AIDS Res. 1986 Feb;2(1):19–30. doi: 10.1089/aid.1.1986.2.19. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Mohammed I., Nasidi A., Chikwem J. O., Williams E. E., Harry T. O., Okafor G. O., Ajose-Coker O. O., Ademiluyi S. A., Tukei P., De Cock K. M. HIV infection in Nigeria. AIDS. 1988 Feb;2(1):61–62. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Ohta Y., Masuda T., Tsujimoto H., Ishikawa K., Kodama T., Morikawa S., Nakai M., Honjo S., Hayami M. Isolation of simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys and seroepidemiologic survey of the virus in various non-human primates. Int J Cancer. 1988 Jan 15;41(1):115–122. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910410121. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Popovic M., Sarngadharan M. G., Read E., Gallo R. C. Detection, isolation, and continuous production of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS. Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):497–500. doi: 10.1126/science.6200935. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Quinn T. C., Mann J. M., Curran J. W., Piot P. AIDS in Africa: an epidemiologic paradigm. Science. 1986 Nov 21;234(4779):955–963. doi: 10.1126/science.3022379. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Sarngadharan M. G., Popovic M., Bruch L., Schüpbach J., Gallo R. C. Antibodies reactive with human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) in the serum of patients with AIDS. Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):506–508. doi: 10.1126/science.6324345. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Shaw G. M., Hahn B. H., Arya S. K., Groopman J. E., Gallo R. C., Wong-Staal F. Molecular characterization of human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1165–1171. doi: 10.1126/science.6095449. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Shaw J. P., Utz P. J., Durand D. B., Toole J. J., Emmel E. A., Crabtree G. R. Identification of a putative regulator of early T cell activation genes. Science. 1988 Jul 8;241(4862):202–205. doi: 10.1126/science.3260404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Siekevitz M., Josephs S. F., Dukovich M., Peffer N., Wong-Staal F., Greene W. C. Activation of the HIV-1 LTR by T cell mitogens and the trans-activator protein of HTLV-I. Science. 1987 Dec 11;238(4833):1575–1578. doi: 10.1126/science.2825351. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Starcich B., Ratner L., Josephs S. F., Okamoto T., Gallo R. C., Wong-Staal F. Characterization of long terminal repeat sequences of HTLV-III. Science. 1985 Feb 1;227(4686):538–540. doi: 10.1126/science.2981438. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Tong-Starkesen S. E., Luciw P. A., Peterlin B. M. Signaling through T lymphocyte surface proteins, TCR/CD3 and CD28, activates the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. J Immunol. 1989 Jan 15;142(2):702–707. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Tsujimoto H., Cooper R. W., Kodama T., Fukasawa M., Miura T., Ohta Y., Ishikawa K., Nakai M., Frost E., Roelants G. E. Isolation and characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus from mandrills in Africa and its relationship to other human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. J Virol. 1988 Nov;62(11):4044–4050. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.11.4044-4050.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Vanderborght B., De Leys R. J., Nijs P., Van der Groen G., Merregaert J., Prinsen H., Van Heuverswyn H. Isolation of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 from a homosexual man in Belgium. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1988 Dec;7(6):816–818. doi: 10.1007/BF01975060. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Wain-Hobson S., Sonigo P., Danos O., Cole S., Alizon M. Nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, LAV. Cell. 1985 Jan;40(1):9–17. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90303-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Wong-Staal F., Shaw G. M., Hahn B. H., Salahuddin S. Z., Popovic M., Markham P., Redfield R., Gallo R. C. Genomic diversity of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):759–762. doi: 10.1126/science.2992084. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Wu F. K., Garcia J. A., Harrich D., Gaynor R. B. Purification of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer and TAR binding proteins EBP-1 and UBP-1. EMBO J. 1988 Jul;7(7):2117–2130. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03051.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES