Skip to main content
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1969 Jul;99(1):125–131. doi: 10.1128/jb.99.1.125-131.1969

Binding of Rabbit Gamma Globulin by Competent Bacillus subtilis Cultures

Robert J Erickson 1,2,1, Frank E Young 1,2,2, Werner Braun 1,2
PMCID: PMC249976  PMID: 4184694

Abstract

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-mediated transformation of Bacillus subtilis can be inhibited by antibodies which specifically interact with single-stranded DNA. This inhibition occurs at a time when the transformation reaction is insensitive to deoxyribonuclease. Studies with radioactive proteins revealed that the maximal binding of gamma globulin occurs immediately preceding the development of maximal competence in the population. Other proteins, such as deoxyribonuclease cytochrome c and serum albumin also adsorb to the surface of the cell. After treatment with lysozyme, 67% of the radioactive gamma globulin remains associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. These findings suggest that the DNA is complexed in a deoxyribonuclease-insensitive form to the surface of the cell and is converted to a single-stranded state prior to transport past the membrane and integration into the chromosome.

Full text

PDF
126

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Akrigg A., Ayad S. R., Barker G. R. The nature of a competence-inducing factor in Bacillus subtilis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1967 Sep 27;28(6):1062–1067. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(67)90090-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cahn F. H., Fox M. S. Fractionation of transformable bacteria from ocompetent cultures of Bacillus subtilis on renografin gradients. J Bacteriol. 1968 Mar;95(3):867–875. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.3.867-875.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. FOX M. S., HOTCHKISS R. D. Initiation of bacterial transformation. Nature. 1957 Jun 29;179(4574):1322–1325. doi: 10.1038/1791322a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. HUNTER W. M., GREENWOOD F. C. Preparation of iodine-131 labelled human growth hormone of high specific activity. Nature. 1962 May 5;194:495–496. doi: 10.1038/194495a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. JENSEN R. A., HAAS F. L. ELECTROKINETICS AND CELL PHYSIOLOGY. II. RELATIONSHIP OF SURFACE CHARGE TO ONSET OF BACTERIAL COMPETENCE FOR GENETIC TRANSFORMATION. J Bacteriol. 1963 Jul;86:79–86. doi: 10.1128/jb.86.1.79-86.1963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Javor G. T., Tomasz A. An autoradiographic study of genetic transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Aug;60(4):1216–1222. doi: 10.1073/pnas.60.4.1216. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. LACKS S. Molecular fate of DNA in genetic transformation of Pneumococcus. J Mol Biol. 1962 Jul;5:119–131. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(62)80067-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. LERMAN L. S., TOLMACH L. J. Genetic transformation. I. Cellular incorporation of DNA accompanying transformation in Pneumococcus. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1957 Oct;26(1):68–82. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(57)90055-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. LEVY H. B., SOBER H. A. A simple chromatographic method for preparation of gamma globulin. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1960 Jan;103:250–252. doi: 10.3181/00379727-103-25476. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. NESTER E. W., STOCKER B. A. BIOSYNTHETIC LATENCY IN EARLY STAGES OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACIDTRANSFORMATION IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS. J Bacteriol. 1963 Oct;86:785–796. doi: 10.1128/jb.86.4.785-796.1963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. PLESCIA O. J., BRAUN W., PALCZUK N. C. PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES TO DENATURED DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Aug;52:279–285. doi: 10.1073/pnas.52.2.279. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. RAVIN A. W. The genetics of transformation. Adv Genet. 1961;10:61–163. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60116-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Shockman G. D. Symposium on the fine structure and replication of bacteria and their parts. IV. Unbalanced cell-wall synthesis: autolysis and cell-wall thickening. Bacteriol Rev. 1965 Sep;29(3):345–358. doi: 10.1128/br.29.3.345-358.1965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. THOMAS R. Recherches sur la cinétique des transformations bactériennes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1955 Dec;18(4):467–481. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(55)90137-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Tomasz A. Model for the mechanism controlling the expression of competent state in Pneumococcus cultures. J Bacteriol. 1966 Mar;91(3):1050–1061. doi: 10.1128/jb.91.3.1050-1061.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. VENEMA G., PRITCHARD R. H., VENEMA-SCHROEDER T. PROPERTIES OF NEWLY INTRODUCED TRANSFORMING DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID IN BACILLUS SUBTILIS. J Bacteriol. 1965 Aug;90:343–346. doi: 10.1128/jb.90.2.343-346.1965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Wolstenholme D. R., Vermeulen C. A., Venema G. Evidence for the involvement of membranous bodies in the processes leading to genetic transformation in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1966 Oct;92(4):1111–1121. doi: 10.1128/jb.92.4.1111-1121.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. YOUNG F. E., SPIZIZEN J. BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF COMPETENCE IN THE BACILLUS SUBTILIS TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM. II. AUTOLYTIC ENZYME ACTIVITY OF CELL WALLS. J Biol Chem. 1963 Sep;238:3126–3130. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. YOUNG F. E., SPIZIZEN J., CRAWFORD I. P. BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF COMPETENCE IN THE BACILLUS SUBTILIS TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM. I. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CELL WALLS. J Biol Chem. 1963 Sep;238:3119–3125. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. YOUNG F. E., SPIZIZEN J. INCORPORATION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID IN THE BACILLUS SUBTILIS TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM. J Bacteriol. 1963 Sep;86:392–400. doi: 10.1128/jb.86.3.392-400.1963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Young F. E. Competence in Bacillus subtilis transformation system. Nature. 1967 Feb 25;213(5078):773–775. doi: 10.1038/213773a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Young F. E. Variation in the chemical composition of the cell walls of Bacillus subtilis during growth in different media. Nature. 1965 Jul 3;207(992):104–105. doi: 10.1038/207104b0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES