Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1989 Aug;63(8):3234–3239. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.8.3234-3239.1989

A unique enhancer element for the trans activator (p40tax) of human T-cell leukemia virus type I that is distinct from cyclic AMP- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-responsive elements.

J Fujisawa 1, M Toita 1, M Yoshida 1
PMCID: PMC250893  PMID: 2545901

Abstract

The trans activator (p40tax) of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is a transcriptional factor that activates the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HTLV-I and interleukin-2 receptor alpha. We examined the HTLV-I enhancer responsible for tax-mediated trans activation and identified (A/T)(G/C)(G/C)CNNTGACG(T/A) as a plausible tax-responsive element (TRE). The putative TRE in the LTR was found to be different from the elements required for activation by cycle AMP and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, although these elements overlapped each other. The TRE was also different from a binding site of an NF-kappa B-like factor that was identified in the interleukin-2 receptor alpha promoter and human immunodeficiency virus LTR as a TRE. The latter result was further demonstrated by the failure of the NF-kappa B sequence to compete with the TRE of the LTR in a protein-binding assay. These findings indicate that tax function and its cascade can modulate activities of various enhancer sequences, which are probably regulated by distinct DNA-binding factors.

Full text

PDF
3234

Images in this article

3237Image
on p.3237

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Altman R., Harrich D., Garcia J. A., Gaynor R. B. Human T-cell leukemia virus types I and II exhibit different DNase I protection patterns. J Virol. 1988 Apr;62(4):1339–1346. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.4.1339-1346.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chen I. S., Cann A. J., Shah N. P., Gaynor R. B. Functional relation between HTLV-II x and adenovirus E1A proteins in transcriptional activation. Science. 1985 Nov 1;230(4725):570–573. doi: 10.1126/science.2996140. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chen I. S., Slamon D. J., Rosenblatt J. D., Shah N. P., Quan S. G., Wachsman W. The x gene is essential for HTLV replication. Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):54–58. doi: 10.1126/science.2990037. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cross S. L., Feinberg M. B., Wolf J. B., Holbrook N. J., Wong-Staal F., Leonard W. J. Regulation of the human interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain promoter: activation of a nonfunctional promoter by the transactivator gene of HTLV-I. Cell. 1987 Apr 10;49(1):47–56. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90754-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Felber B. K., Paskalis H., Kleinman-Ewing C., Wong-Staal F., Pavlakis G. N. The pX protein of HTLV-I is a transcriptional activator of its long terminal repeats. Science. 1985 Aug 16;229(4714):675–679. doi: 10.1126/science.2992082. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fujisawa J., Seiki M., Kiyokawa T., Yoshida M. Functional activation of the long terminal repeat of human T-cell leukemia virus type I by a trans-acting factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Apr;82(8):2277–2281. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.8.2277. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Fujisawa J., Seiki M., Sato M., Yoshida M. A transcriptional enhancer sequence of HTLV-I is responsible for trans-activation mediated by p40 chi HTLV-I. EMBO J. 1986 Apr;5(4):713–718. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04272.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fujisawa J., Seiki M., Toita M., Miyatake S., Arai K., Yoshida M. Cell-line specific activation of SV40 transcriptional enhancer by p40tax of HTLV-1. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1988 Jul;79(7):800–804. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1988.tb00038.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hidaka M., Inoue J., Yoshida M., Seiki M. Post-transcriptional regulator (rex) of HTLV-1 initiates expression of viral structural proteins but suppresses expression of regulatory proteins. EMBO J. 1988 Feb;7(2):519–523. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02840.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Holbrook N. J., Luethy J. D., Kin J. Transient expression of foreign genes in lymphoid cells is enhanced by phorbol ester. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jul;7(7):2610–2613. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.7.2610. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Imagawa M., Chiu R., Karin M. Transcription factor AP-2 mediates induction by two different signal-transduction pathways: protein kinase C and cAMP. Cell. 1987 Oct 23;51(2):251–260. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90152-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Inoue J., Seiki M., Taniguchi T., Tsuru S., Yoshida M. Induction of interleukin 2 receptor gene expression by p40x encoded by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. EMBO J. 1986 Nov;5(11):2883–2888. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04583.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Inoue J., Yoshida M., Seiki M. Transcriptional (p40x) and post-transcriptional (p27x-III) regulators are required for the expression and replication of human T-cell leukemia virus type I genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(11):3653–3657. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.11.3653. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kiyokawa T., Seiki M., Iwashita S., Imagawa K., Shimizu F., Yoshida M. p27x-III and p21x-III, proteins encoded by the pX sequence of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(24):8359–8363. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.24.8359. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Leung K., Nabel G. J. HTLV-1 transactivator induces interleukin-2 receptor expression through an NF-kappa B-like factor. Nature. 1988 Jun 23;333(6175):776–778. doi: 10.1038/333776a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lowenthal J. W., Böhnlein E., Ballard D. W., Greene W. C. Regulation of interleukin 2 receptor alpha subunit (Tac or CD25 antigen) gene expression: binding of inducible nuclear proteins to discrete promoter sequences correlates with transcriptional activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(12):4468–4472. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.12.4468. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Manley J. L., Fire A., Samuels M., Sharp P. A. In vitro transcription: whole-cell extract. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:568–582. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01038-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Miyatake S., Seiki M., Malefijt R. D., Heike T., Fujisawa J., Takebe Y., Nishida J., Shlomai J., Yokota T., Yoshida M. Activation of T cell-derived lymphokine genes in T cells and fibroblasts: effects of human T cell leukemia virus type I p40x protein and bovine papilloma virus encoded E2 protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Jul 25;16(14A):6547–6566. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.14.6547. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Montminy M. R., Sevarino K. A., Wagner J. A., Mandel G., Goodman R. H. Identification of a cyclic-AMP-responsive element within the rat somatostatin gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(18):6682–6686. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.18.6682. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Nyborg J. K., Dynan W. S., Chen I. S., Wachsman W. Binding of host-cell factors to DNA sequences in the long terminal repeat of human T-cell leukemia virus type I: implications for viral gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(5):1457–1461. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.5.1457. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Park R. E., Haseltine W. A., Rosen C. A. A nuclear factor is required for transactivation of HTLV-I gene expression. Oncogene. 1988 Sep;3(3):275–279. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Paskalis H., Felber B. K., Pavlakis G. N. Cis-acting sequences responsible for the transcriptional activation of human T-cell leukemia virus type I constitute a conditional enhancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Sep;83(17):6558–6562. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.17.6558. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Poiesz B. J., Ruscetti F. W., Gazdar A. F., Bunn P. A., Minna J. D., Gallo R. C. Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7415–7419. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7415. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ruben S., Poteat H., Tan T. H., Kawakami K., Roeder R., Haseltine W., Rosen C. A. Cellular transcription factors and regulation of IL-2 receptor gene expression by HTLV-I tax gene product. Science. 1988 Jul 1;241(4861):89–92. doi: 10.1126/science.2838905. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Saito S., Nakamura M., Ohtani K., Ichijo M., Sugamura K., Hinuma Y. trans-activation of the simian virus 40 enhancer by a pX product of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. J Virol. 1988 Feb;62(2):644–648. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.2.644-648.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Seiki M., Inoue J., Hidaka M., Yoshida M. Two cis-acting elements responsible for posttranscriptional trans-regulation of gene expression of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(19):7124–7128. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.19.7124. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Seiki M., Inoue J., Takeda T., Yoshida M. Direct evidence that p40x of human T-cell leukemia virus type I is a trans-acting transcriptional activator. EMBO J. 1986 Mar;5(3):561–565. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04247.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Sen R., Baltimore D. Multiple nuclear factors interact with the immunoglobulin enhancer sequences. Cell. 1986 Aug 29;46(5):705–716. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90346-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Shah N. P., Wachsman W., Cann A. J., Souza L., Slamon D. J., Chen I. S. Comparison of the trans-activation capabilities of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I and II chi proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Nov;6(11):3626–3631. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.11.3626. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Shimotohno K., Takano M., Teruuchi T., Miwa M. Requirement of multiple copies of a 21-nucleotide sequence in the U3 regions of human T-cell leukemia virus type I and type II long terminal repeats for trans-acting activation of transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8112–8116. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.21.8112. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Siekevitz M., Feinberg M. B., Holbrook N., Wong-Staal F., Greene W. C. Activation of interleukin 2 and interleukin 2 receptor (Tac) promoter expression by the trans-activator (tat) gene product of human T-cell leukemia virus, type I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(15):5389–5393. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.15.5389. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Sodroski J., Rosen C., Goh W. C., Haseltine W. A transcriptional activator protein encoded by the x-lor region of the human T-cell leukemia virus. Science. 1985 Jun 21;228(4706):1430–1434. doi: 10.1126/science.2990028. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Tsukada T., Fink J. S., Mandel G., Goodman R. H. Identification of a region in the human vasoactive intestinal polypeptide gene responsible for regulation by cyclic AMP. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jun 25;262(18):8743–8747. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Wachsman W., Shimotohno K., Clark S. C., Golde D. W., Chen I. S. Expression of the 3' terminal region of human T-cell leukemia viruses. Science. 1984 Oct 12;226(4671):177–179. doi: 10.1126/science.6091270. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Yoshida M., Miyoshi I., Hinuma Y. Isolation and characterization of retrovirus from cell lines of human adult T-cell leukemia and its implication in the disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(6):2031–2035. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.6.2031. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES