Skip to main content
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1972 Jul;111(1):103–111. doi: 10.1128/jb.111.1.103-111.1972

Lipid Composition of Growing and Starving Cells of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes

Luba L Kostiw a, C W Boylen a,1, B J Tyson a
PMCID: PMC251246  PMID: 4669211

Abstract

The lipid composition of growing and starving cells of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes was compared. Although the lipid composition of the two cell types was similar, the amount of total lipids recovered from the starving cells was 30.4% less than that recovered from the growing cells. The loss of lipids, as compared to the loss of total cell mass during starvation, was (i) proportional to the loss of the cell mass (phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol-2, and cardiolipin), (ii) greater than the loss in cell mass (neutral lipids, “glycophospholipids,” and phosphatidic acid), or (iii) less than the loss in cell mass (coenzyme Q, glycolipids, and phosphatidylglycerol-1).

Full text

PDF
104

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ames G. F. Lipids of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli: structure and metabolism. J Bacteriol. 1968 Mar;95(3):833–843. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.3.833-843.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BLIGH E. G., DYER W. J. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol. 1959 Aug;37(8):911–917. doi: 10.1139/o59-099. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Boylen C. W., Ensign J. C. Intracellular substrates for endogenous metabolism during long-term starvation of rod and spherical cells of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes. J Bacteriol. 1970 Sep;103(3):578–587. doi: 10.1128/jb.103.3.578-587.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brennan P., Ballou C. E. Biosynthesis of mannophosphoinositides by Mycobacterium phlei. The family of dimannophosphoinositides. J Biol Chem. 1967 Jul 10;242(13):3046–3056. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. DAWES E. A., RIBBONS D. W. SOME ASPECTS OF THE ENDOGENOUS METABOLISM OF BACTERIA. Bacteriol Rev. 1964 Jun;28:126–149. doi: 10.1128/br.28.2.126-149.1964. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. DAWES E. A., RIBBONS D. W. The endogenous metabolism of microorganisms. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1962;16:241–264. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.16.100162.001325. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. DAWSON R. M. A hydrolytic procedure for the identification and estimation of individual phospholipids in biological samples. Biochem J. 1960 Apr;75:45–53. doi: 10.1042/bj0750045. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. DITTMER J. C., LESTER R. L. A SIMPLE, SPECIFIC SPRAY FOR THE DETECTION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS ON THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAMS. J Lipid Res. 1964 Jan;5:126–127. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. ENSIGN J. C., WOLFE R. S. NUTRITIONAL CONTROL OF MORPHOGENESIS IN ARTHROBACTER CRYSTALLOPIETES. J Bacteriol. 1964 Apr;87:924–932. doi: 10.1128/jb.87.4.924-932.1964. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Ensign J. C. Long-term starvation survival of rod and spherical cells of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes. J Bacteriol. 1970 Sep;103(3):569–577. doi: 10.1128/jb.103.3.569-577.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Esfahani M., Barnes E. M., Jr, Wakil S. J. Control of fatty acid composition in phospholipids of Escherichia coli: response to fatty acid supplements in a fatty acid auxotroph. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Nov;64(3):1057–1064. doi: 10.1073/pnas.64.3.1057. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. FOLCH J., LEES M., SLOANE STANLEY G. H. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1957 May;226(1):497–509. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Farshtchi D., McClung N. M. Effect of substrate on fatty acid production in Nocardia asteroides. Can J Microbiol. 1970 Apr;16(4):213–217. doi: 10.1139/m70-039. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gounot A. M. Role biologique des Arthrobacter dans les limons souterrains. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1967 Dec;113(6):923–945. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. HANES C. S., ISHERWOOD F. A. Separation of the phosphoric esters on the filter paper chromatogram. Nature. 1949 Dec 31;164(4183):1107-12, illust. doi: 10.1038/1641107a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. HOUTSMULLER U. M., VAN DEENENL ON THE ACCUMULATION OF AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES OF PHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROL IN BACTERIA. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 Feb 24;84:96–98. doi: 10.1016/0926-6542(64)90106-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Haest C. W., de Gier J., van Deenen L. L. Changes in the chemical and the barrier properties of the membrane lipids of E. coli by variation of the temperature of growth. Chem Phys Lipids. 1969 Dec;3(4):413–417. doi: 10.1016/0009-3084(69)90048-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Houtsmuller U. M., van Deenen L. L. On the amino acid esters of phosphatidyl glycerol from bacteria. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1965 Dec 2;106(3):564–576. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(65)90072-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Ingram M. The Endogenous Respiration of Bacillus cereus: I. Changes in the Rate of Respiration with the Passage of Time. J Bacteriol. 1939 Dec;38(6):599–612. doi: 10.1128/jb.38.6.599-612.1939. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Joyce G. H., Hammond R. K., White D. C. Changes in membrane lipid composition in exponentially growing Staphylococcus aureus during the shift from 37 to 25 C. J Bacteriol. 1970 Oct;104(1):323–330. doi: 10.1128/jb.104.1.323-330.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. KLEIN H. P. Synthesis of lipids in resting cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol. 1955 Jun;69(6):620–627. doi: 10.1128/jb.69.6.620-627.1955. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Kanemasa Y., Akamatsu Y., Nojima S. Composition and turnover of the phospholipids in Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1967 Oct 2;144(2):382–390. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Kates M. Bacterial lipids. Adv Lipid Res. 1964;2:17–90. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Kelley T. F. Separation with uni-dimensional TLC of all neutral lipid classes. J Chromatogr. 1966 May;22(2):456–457. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)97122-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. LEPAGE M. THE SEPARATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND GLYCOLIPIDS BY TWO-DIMENSIONAL THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY. J Chromatogr. 1964 Jan;13:99–103. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)95078-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. LESTER R. L., HATEFI Y., WIDMER C., CRANE F. L. Studies on the electron transport system. XX. Chemical and physical properties of the coenzyme Q family of compounds. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1959 May;33(1):169–185. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(59)90511-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Marr A. G., Ingraham J. L. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE COMPOSITION OF FATTY ACIDS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI. J Bacteriol. 1962 Dec;84(6):1260–1267. doi: 10.1128/jb.84.6.1260-1267.1962. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Moss C. W., Lewis V. J. Characterization of clostridia by gas chromatography. I. Differentiation of species by cellular fatty acids. Appl Microbiol. 1967 Mar;15(2):390–397. doi: 10.1128/am.15.2.390-397.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. NICHOLS B. W. SEPARATION OF THE LIPIDS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC TISSUES: IMPROVEMENTS IN ANALYSIS BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1963 Aug 27;70:417–422. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(63)90771-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. POSTGATE J. R., HUNTER J. R. The survival of starved bacteria. J Gen Microbiol. 1962 Oct;29:233–263. doi: 10.1099/00221287-29-2-233. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. RIBBONS D. W., DAWES E. A. Environmental and growth conditions affecting the endogenous metabolism of bacteria. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1963 Jan 21;102:564–586. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13661.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Ray P. H., White D. C., Brock T. D. Effect of temperature on the fatty acid composition of Thermus aquaticus. J Bacteriol. 1971 Apr;106(1):25–30. doi: 10.1128/jb.106.1.25-30.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Rouser G., Kritchevsky G., Simon G., Nelson G. J. Quantitative analysis of brain and spinach leaf lipids employing silicic acid column chromatography and acetone for elution of glycolipids. Lipids. 1967 Jan;2(1):37–40. doi: 10.1007/BF02531998. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Shaw N. Bacterial glycolipids. Bacteriol Rev. 1970 Dec;34(4):365–377. doi: 10.1128/br.34.4.365-377.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Shaw N., Stead D. Lipid composition of some species of Arthrobacter. J Bacteriol. 1971 Jul;107(1):130–133. doi: 10.1128/jb.107.1.130-133.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Steim J. M., Tourtellotte M. E., Reinert J. C., McElhaney R. N., Rader R. L. Calorimetric evidence for the liquid-crystalline state of lipids in a biomembrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 May;63(1):104–109. doi: 10.1073/pnas.63.1.104. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Sumner J. L., Morgan E. D., Evans H. C. The effect of growth temperature on the fatty acid composition of fungi in the order Mucorales. Can J Microbiol. 1969 Jun;15(6):515–520. doi: 10.1139/m69-089. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. WARREN R. A., ELLS A. F., CAMPBELL J. J. Endogenous respiration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol. 1960 Jun;79:875–879. doi: 10.1128/jb.79.6.875-879.1960. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. White D. C., Frerman F. E. Extraction, characterization, and cellular localization of the lipids of Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol. 1967 Dec;94(6):1854–1867. doi: 10.1128/jb.94.6.1854-1867.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. White D. C. Lipid composition of the electron transport membrane of Haemophilus parainfluenzae. J Bacteriol. 1968 Oct;96(4):1159–1170. doi: 10.1128/jb.96.4.1159-1170.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Yano I., Furukawa Y., Kusunose M. 2-hydroxy fatty acid-containing phospholipid of Arthrobacter simplex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1970 Jun 9;210(1):105–115. doi: 10.1016/0005-2760(70)90066-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Zevenhuizen L. P. Formation and function of the glycogen-like polysaccharide of Arthrobacter. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1966;32(4):356–372. doi: 10.1007/BF02097485. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. den Kamp JA O. P., van Iterson W., van Deenen L. L. Studies of the phospholipids and morphology of protoplasts of Bacillus megaterium. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1967;135(5):862–884. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(67)90056-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. den Kamp J. A., Redai I., van Deenen L. L. Phospholipid composition of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1969 Jul;99(1):298–303. doi: 10.1128/jb.99.1.298-303.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES