Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1986 Jan;57(1):267–274. doi: 10.1128/jvi.57.1.267-274.1986

Development of a helper-independent human adenovirus vector and its use in the transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene.

Y Haj-Ahmad, F L Graham
PMCID: PMC252723  PMID: 3001349

Abstract

Approximately 2 kilobases (kb) of additional DNA can be packaged into wild-type virions of human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5). To extend this limit, a helper independent Ad5 cloning vector was constructed by deleting most of early region 3 (E3) from map coordinates 78.5 to 84.7 and essentially all of early region 1 (E1) from coordinates 1.0 to 10.6. E3 is nonessential for adenovirus replication in cultured cells, and E1 is nonessential when the virus is propagated in 293 cells which constitutively express the E1 gene products. The resulting new virus, dlE1,3 is about 5.5 kb shorter than wild-type Ad5 and therefore should be able to accept up to 7.5 kb in foreign DNA. To test the usefulness of this vector, the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase gene (tk) along with its regulatory sequences was inserted into the unique XbaI site of dlE1,3 (at map position 78.5/84.7). The resulting recombinant virus, Adtk, expressed the HSV tk at a low level (as compared with HSV-1) in infected cells; however, tk expression was markedly enhanced when Adtk-infected cells were superinfected with a tk- mutant of HSV. Furthermore, the Adtk virus efficiently transformed tk- mouse cells (line LTA) to the tk+ phenotype. At a low efficiency, it was also possible to transform tk- human cells (line 143), and tk+ transformants of both mouse and human origin have been established as permanent lines.

Full text

PDF
269

Images in this article

270Image
on p.270

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aiello L., Guilfoyle R., Huebner K., Weinmann R. Adenovirus 5 DNA sequences present and RNA sequences transcribed in transformed human embryo kidney cells (HEK-Ad-5 or 293). Virology. 1979 Apr 30;94(2):460–469. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90476-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Anderson C. W., Lewis J. B., Baum P. R., Gesteland R. F. Simian virus 40-specific polypeptides in AD2+ ND1- and Ad2+ ND4-infected cells. J Virol. 1976 May;18(2):685–692. doi: 10.1128/jvi.18.2.685-692.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Anderson W. F. Prospects for human gene therapy. Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):401–409. doi: 10.1126/science.6093246. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bandyopadhyay P. K., Temin H. M. Expression from an internal AUG codon of herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene inserted in a retrovirus vector. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Apr;4(4):743–748. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.4.743. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bandyopadhyay P. K., Temin H. M. Expression of complete chicken thymidine kinase gene inserted in a retrovirus vector. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Apr;4(4):749–754. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.4.749. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Berk A. J., Lee F., Harrison T., Williams J., Sharp P. A. Pre-early adenovirus 5 gene product regulates synthesis of early viral messenger RNAs. Cell. 1979 Aug;17(4):935–944. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90333-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Berkner K. L., Sharp P. A. Generation of adenovirus by transfection of plasmids. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Sep 10;11(17):6003–6020. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.17.6003. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cladaras C., Bhat B., Wold W. S. Mapping the 5' ends, 3' ends, and splice sites of mRNAs from the early E3 transcription unit of adenovirus 5. Virology. 1985 Jan 15;140(1):44–54. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90444-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Cladaras C., Wold W. S. DNA sequence of the early E3 transcription unit of adenovirus 5. Virology. 1985 Jan 15;140(1):28–43. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90443-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Colby W. W., Shenk T. Adenovirus type 5 virions can be assembled in vivo in the absence of detectable polypeptide IX. J Virol. 1981 Sep;39(3):977–980. doi: 10.1128/jvi.39.3.977-980.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Emerman M., Temin H. M. High-frequency deletion in recovered retrovirus vectors containing exogenous DNA with promoters. J Virol. 1984 Apr;50(1):42–49. doi: 10.1128/jvi.50.1.42-49.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Frost E., Williams J. Mapping temperature-sensitive and host-range mutations of adenovirus type 5 by marker rescue. Virology. 1978 Nov;91(1):39–50. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90353-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Fung Y. K., Fadly A. M., Crittenden L. B., Kung H. J. On the mechanism of retrovirus-induced avian lymphoid leukosis: deletion and integration of the proviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jun;78(6):3418–3422. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.6.3418. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Graham F. L. Biological activity of tumor virus DNA. Adv Cancer Res. 1977;25:1–51. doi: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60631-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Graham F. L., Harrison T., Williams J. Defective transforming capacity of adenovirus type 5 host-range mutants. Virology. 1978 May 1;86(1):10–21. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90003-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Graham F. L., Smiley J., Russell W. C., Nairn R. Characteristics of a human cell line transformed by DNA from human adenovirus type 5. J Gen Virol. 1977 Jul;36(1):59–74. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-36-1-59. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Graham F. L., van der Eb A. J. A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA. Virology. 1973 Apr;52(2):456–467. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90341-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hayward W. S., Neel B. G., Astrin S. M. Activation of a cellular onc gene by promoter insertion in ALV-induced lymphoid leukosis. Nature. 1981 Apr 9;290(5806):475–480. doi: 10.1038/290475a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Hearing P., Shenk T. The adenovirus type 5 E1A transcriptional control region contains a duplicated enhancer element. Cell. 1983 Jul;33(3):695–703. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90012-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Hirt B. Selective extraction of polyoma DNA from infected mouse cell cultures. J Mol Biol. 1967 Jun 14;26(2):365–369. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(67)90307-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Hérissé J., Courtois G., Galibert F. Nucleotide sequence of the EcoRI D fragment of adenovirus 2 genome. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 May 24;8(10):2173–2192. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.10.2173. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Jones N., Shenk T. An adenovirus type 5 early gene function regulates expression of other early viral genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Aug;76(8):3665–3669. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.8.3665. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Jones N., Shenk T. Isolation of adenovirus type 5 host range deletion mutants defective for transformation of rat embryo cells. Cell. 1979 Jul;17(3):683–689. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90275-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. KIT S., DUBBS D. R., PIEKARSKI L. J., HSU T. C. DELETION OF THYMIDINE KINASE ACTIVITY FROM L CELLS RESISTANT TO BROMODEOXYURIDINE. Exp Cell Res. 1963 Aug;31:297–312. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(63)90007-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Kelly T. J., Jr, Lewis A. M., Jr Use of nondefective adenovirus-simian virus 40 hybrids for mapping the simian virus 40 genome. J Virol. 1973 Sep;12(3):643–652. doi: 10.1128/jvi.12.3.643-652.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Mansour S. L., Grodzicker T., Tjian R. An adenovirus vector system used to express polyoma virus tumor antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Mar;82(5):1359–1363. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.5.1359. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. McKinnon R. D., Bacchetti S., Graham F. L. Tn5 mutagenesis of the transforming genes of human adenovirus type 5. Gene. 1982 Jul-Aug;19(1):33–42. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90186-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Neel B. G., Hayward W. S., Robinson H. L., Fang J., Astrin S. M. Avian leukosis virus-induced tumors have common proviral integration sites and synthesize discrete new RNAs: oncogenesis by promoter insertion. Cell. 1981 Feb;23(2):323–334. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90128-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Nevins J. R. Mechanism of activation of early viral transcription by the adenovirus E1A gene product. Cell. 1981 Oct;26(2 Pt 2):213–220. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90304-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Payne G. S., Courtneidge S. A., Crittenden L. B., Fadly A. M., Bishop J. M., Varmus H. E. Analysis of avian leukosis virus DNA and RNA in bursal tumours: viral gene expression is not required for maintenance of the tumor state. Cell. 1981 Feb;23(2):311–322. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90127-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Persson H., Jörnvall H., Zabielski J. Multiple mRNA species for the precursor to an adenovirus-encoded glycoprotein: identification and structure of the signal sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Nov;77(11):6349–6353. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.11.6349. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Preston C. M. Control of herpes simplex virus type 1 mRNA synthesis in cells infected with wild-type virus or the temperature-sensitive mutant tsK. J Virol. 1979 Jan;29(1):275–284. doi: 10.1128/jvi.29.1.275-284.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. SZYBALSKA E. H., SZYBALSKI W. Genetics of human cess line. IV. DNA-mediated heritable transformation of a biochemical trait. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1962 Dec 15;48:2026–2034. doi: 10.1073/pnas.48.12.2026. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Saito I., Oya Y., Yamamoto K., Yuasa T., Shimojo H. Construction of nondefective adenovirus type 5 bearing a 2.8-kilobase hepatitis B virus DNA near the right end of its genome. J Virol. 1985 Jun;54(3):711–719. doi: 10.1128/jvi.54.3.711-719.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Smiley J. R. Construction in vitro and rescue of a thymidine kinase-deficient deletion mutation of herpes simplex virus. Nature. 1980 May 29;285(5763):333–335. doi: 10.1038/285333a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Solnick D. Construction of an adenovirus-SV40 recombinant producing SV40 T antigen from an adenovirus late promoter. Cell. 1981 Apr;24(1):135–143. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90509-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Stanners C. P., Eliceiri G. L., Green H. Two types of ribosome in mouse-hamster hybrid cells. Nat New Biol. 1971 Mar 10;230(10):52–54. doi: 10.1038/newbio230052a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Summers W. P., Wagner M., Summers W. C. Possible peptide chain termination mutants in thymide kinase gene of a mammalian virus, herpes simplex virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):4081–4084. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.4081. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Thummel C., Tjian R., Grodzicker T. Construction of adenovirus expression vectors by site-directed in vivo recombination. J Mol Appl Genet. 1982;1(5):435–446. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Thummel C., Tjian R., Grodzicker T. Expression of SV40 T antigen under control of adenovirus promoters. Cell. 1981 Mar;23(3):825–836. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90447-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Thummel C., Tjian R., Hu S. L., Grodzicker T. Translational control of SV40 T antigen expressed from the adenovirus late promoter. Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):455–464. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90427-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Van Doren K., Gluzman Y. Efficient transformation of human fibroblasts by adenovirus-simian virus 40 recombinants. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Aug;4(8):1653–1656. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.8.1653. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Van Doren K., Hanahan D., Gluzman Y. Infection of eucaryotic cells by helper-independent recombinant adenoviruses: early region 1 is not obligatory for integration of viral DNA. J Virol. 1984 May;50(2):606–614. doi: 10.1128/jvi.50.2.606-614.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Yamada M., Lewis J. A., Grodzicker T. Overproduction of the protein product of a nonselected foreign gene carried by an adenovirus vector. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jun;82(11):3567–3571. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.11.3567. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES