Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1988 Aug;62(8):2537–2543. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.8.2537-2543.1988

Promoters of bovine papillomavirus type 1: in vitro activity and utilization.

U Linz 1, C C Baker 1
PMCID: PMC253682  PMID: 2839684

Abstract

Five of six bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) promoters which were previously mapped by determining the 5' termini of viral mRNAs from bovine fibropapillomas and BPV-1-transformed cells were found to be active under in vitro transcription conditions. Transcription initiation at each of these promoters was accurate at the nucleotide level as determined by primer extension analysis. The most active promoter in vitro was P89, a typical RNA polymerase II promoter with both TATA and CAAT boxes. The promoters P7185 and P2443 also have TATA-like boxes, but none of the other promoters contain these typical regulatory elements.

Full text

PDF
2538

Images in this article

2538Image
on p.2538
2539Image
on p.2539
2540Image
on p.2540
2541Image
on p.2541

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ahola H., Stenlund A., Moreno-López J., Pettersson U. Promoters and processing sites within the transforming region of bovine papillomavirus type 1. J Virol. 1987 Jul;61(7):2240–2244. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.7.2240-2244.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Amtmann E., Sauer G. Bovine papilloma virus transcription: polyadenylated RNA species and assessment of the direction of transcription. J Virol. 1982 Jul;43(1):59–66. doi: 10.1128/jvi.43.1.59-66.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Androphy E. J., Lowy D. R., Schiller J. T. Bovine papillomavirus E2 trans-activating gene product binds to specific sites in papillomavirus DNA. Nature. 1987 Jan 1;325(6099):70–73. doi: 10.1038/325070a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BOIRON M., LEVY J. P., THOMAS M., FRIEDMANN J. C., BERNARD J. SOME PROPERTIES OF BOVINE PAPILLOMA VIRUS. Nature. 1964 Jan 25;201:423–424. doi: 10.1038/201423a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Baker C. C., Howley P. M. Differential promoter utilization by the bovine papillomavirus in transformed cells and productively infected wart tissues. EMBO J. 1987 Apr;6(4):1027–1035. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04855.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Biggin M., Farrell P. J., Barrell B. G. Transcription and DNA sequence of the BamHI L fragment of B95-8 Epstein-Barr virus. EMBO J. 1984 May;3(5):1083–1090. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01933.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Brady J., Radonovich M., Vodkin M., Natarajan V., Thoren M., Das G., Janik J., Salzman N. P. Site-specific base substitution and deletion mutations that enhance or suppress transcription of the SV40 major late RNA. Cell. 1982 Dec;31(3 Pt 2):625–633. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90318-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Breathnach R., Chambon P. Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:349–383. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.002025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Chen E. Y., Howley P. M., Levinson A. D., Seeburg P. H. The primary structure and genetic organization of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 genome. Nature. 1982 Oct 7;299(5883):529–534. doi: 10.1038/299529a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Cheville N. F. Studies on connective tissue tumors in the hamster produced by bovine papilloma virus. Cancer Res. 1966 Nov;26(11):2334–2339. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Dvoretzky I., Shober R., Chattopadhyay S. K., Lowy D. R. A quantitative in vitro focus assay for bovine papilloma virus. Virology. 1980 Jun;103(2):369–375. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90195-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Engel L. W., Heilman C. A., Howley P. M. Transcriptional organization of bovine papillomavirus type 1. J Virol. 1983 Sep;47(3):516–528. doi: 10.1128/jvi.47.3.516-528.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Fire A., Baker C. C., Manley J. L., Ziff E. B., Sharp P. A. In vitro transcription of adenovirus. J Virol. 1981 Dec;40(3):703–719. doi: 10.1128/jvi.40.3.703-719.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gorman C. M., Moffat L. F., Howard B. H. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Sep;2(9):1044–1051. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.9.1044. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hansen U., Sharp P. A. Sequences controlling in vitro transcription of SV40 promoters. EMBO J. 1983;2(12):2293–2303. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01737.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Heilman C. A., Engel L., Lowy D. R., Howley P. M. Virus-specific transcription in bovine papillomavirus-transformed mouse cells. Virology. 1982 May;119(1):22–34. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90061-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hen R., Sassone-Corsi P., Corden J., Gaub M. P., Chambon P. Sequences upstream from the T-A-T-A box are required in vivo and in vitro for efficient transcription from the adenovirus serotype 2 major late promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Dec;79(23):7132–7136. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.23.7132. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. JENSEN F. C., GIRARDI A. J., GILDEN R. V., KOPROWSKI H. INFECTION OF HUMAN AND SIMIAN TISSUE CULTURES WITH ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Jul;52:53–59. doi: 10.1073/pnas.52.1.53. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kole R., Weissman S. M. Accurate in vitro splicing of human beta-globin RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Sep 25;10(18):5429–5445. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.18.5429. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lambert P. F., Spalholz B. A., Howley P. M. A transcriptional repressor encoded by BPV-1 shares a common carboxy-terminal domain with the E2 transactivator. Cell. 1987 Jul 3;50(1):69–78. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90663-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Lipshitz H. D., Peattie D. A., Hogness D. S. Novel transcripts from the Ultrabithorax domain of the bithorax complex. Genes Dev. 1987 May;1(3):307–322. doi: 10.1101/gad.1.3.307. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Lowy D. R., Rands E., Scolnick E. M. Helper-independent transformation by unintegrated Harvey sarcoma virus DNA. J Virol. 1978 May;26(2):291–298. doi: 10.1128/jvi.26.2.291-298.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Manley J. L., Fire A., Cano A., Sharp P. A., Gefter M. L. DNA-dependent transcription of adenovirus genes in a soluble whole-cell extract. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):3855–3859. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.7.3855. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Manley J. L., Fire A., Samuels M., Sharp P. A. In vitro transcription: whole-cell extract. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:568–582. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01038-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Mathis D. J., Elkaim R., Kédinger C., Sassone-Corsi P., Chambon P. Specific in vitro initiation of transcription on the adenovirus type 2 early and late EII transcription units. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Dec;78(12):7383–7387. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.12.7383. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Matsui T. In vitro accurate initiation of transcription on the adenovirus type 2 IVa2 gene which does not contain a TATA box. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Nov 25;10(22):7089–7101. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.22.7089. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. McBride A. A., Schlegel R., Howley P. M. The carboxy-terminal domain shared by the bovine papillomavirus E2 transactivator and repressor proteins contains a specific DNA binding activity. EMBO J. 1988 Feb;7(2):533–539. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02842.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Moskaluk C., Bastia D. The E2 "gene" of bovine papillomavirus encodes an enhancer-binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(5):1215–1218. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.5.1215. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Natarajan V., Madden M. J., Salzman N. P. Proximal and distal domains that control in vitro transcription of the adenovirus IVa2 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Oct;81(20):6290–6294. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.20.6290. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. OLSON C., Jr, COOK R. H. Cutaneous sarcoma-like lesions of the horse caused by the agent of bovine papilloma. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1951 Jun;77(2):281–284. doi: 10.3181/00379727-77-18750. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Okamoto T., Wong-Staal F. Demonstration of virus-specific transcriptional activator(s) in cells infected with HTLV-III by an in vitro cell-free system. Cell. 1986 Oct 10;47(1):29–35. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90363-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Padgett R. A., Hardy S. F., Sharp P. A. Splicing of adenovirus RNA in a cell-free transcription system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Sep;80(17):5230–5234. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.17.5230. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Pettersson U., Ahola H., Stenlund A., Bergman P., Ustav M., Moreno-Lopez J. Organization and expression of the genome of bovine papillomavirus type 1. Ciba Found Symp. 1986;120:23–38. doi: 10.1002/9780470513309.ch3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. SCHERER W. F., SYVERTON J. T., GEY G. O. Studies on the propagation in vitro of poliomyelitis viruses. IV. Viral multiplication in a stable strain of human malignant epithelial cells (strain HeLa) derived from an epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix. J Exp Med. 1953 May;97(5):695–710. doi: 10.1084/jem.97.5.695. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Sarver N., Byrne J. C., Howley P. M. Transformation and replication in mouse cells of a bovine papillomavirus--pML2 plasmid vector that can be rescued in bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Dec;79(23):7147–7151. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.23.7147. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Schwarz E., Freese U. K., Gissmann L., Mayer W., Roggenbuck B., Stremlau A., zur Hausen H. Structure and transcription of human papillomavirus sequences in cervical carcinoma cells. Nature. 1985 Mar 7;314(6006):111–114. doi: 10.1038/314111a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Spalholz B. A., Lambert P. F., Yee C. L., Howley P. M. Bovine papillomavirus transcriptional regulation: localization of the E2-responsive elements of the long control region. J Virol. 1987 Jul;61(7):2128–2137. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.7.2128-2137.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Spalholz B. A., Yang Y. C., Howley P. M. Transactivation of a bovine papilloma virus transcriptional regulatory element by the E2 gene product. Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):183–191. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80114-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Stenlund A., Bream G. L., Botchan M. R. A promoter with an internal regulatory domain is part of the origin of replication in BPV-1. Science. 1987 Jun 26;236(4809):1666–1671. doi: 10.1126/science.3037693. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Stenlund A., Zabielski J., Ahola H., Moreno-Lopez J., Pettersson U. Messenger RNAs from the transforming region of bovine papilloma virus type I. J Mol Biol. 1985 Apr 20;182(4):541–554. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90240-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Weiher H., Botchan M. R. An enhancer sequence from bovine papilloma virus DNA consists of two essential regions. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Mar 26;12(6):2901–2916. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.6.2901. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Wildeman A. G., Sassone-Corsi P., Grundström T., Zenke M., Chambon P. Stimulation of in vitro transcription from the SV40 early promoter by the enhancer involves a specific trans-acting factor. EMBO J. 1984 Dec 20;3(13):3129–3133. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02269.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Yang Y. C., Okayama H., Howley P. M. Bovine papillomavirus contains multiple transforming genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(4):1030–1034. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.4.1030. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES