Abstract
Endemic syphilis and similar conditions are compared in this paper with yaws. Both are non-venereal and endemic, and they have very similar epidemiological characteristics. There is also considerable similarity in the clinical manifestations at the various stages of yaws and endemic syphilis, the differences that do appear being mainly due to different environmental and living conditions. No antigenic or immunogenic differences between syphilis and yaws have yet been demonstrated, and the sensitivity of both to penicillin is the same. Control measures for both diseases may be based on similar principles.
The author considers the treponematoses to be closely related infections, and stresses the “unitarian” view put forward by various writers.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- AKRAWI F. Is bejel syphilis? Br J Vener Dis. 1949 Sep;25(3):115–123. doi: 10.1136/sti.25.3.115. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- AKRAWI F., RAHIM G. F. Aortitis in bejel; a preliminary report. Br J Vener Dis. 1951 Jun;27(2):95–96. doi: 10.1136/sti.27.2.95. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- AKRAWI F. The primary sore in bejel. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1952 Jan;46(1):77–80. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(52)90008-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CSONKA G. W. Clinical aspects of bejel. Br J Vener Dis. 1953 Jun;29(2):95–103. doi: 10.1136/sti.29.2.95. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GUTHE T., REYNOLDS F. World health and treponematoses. Br J Vener Dis. 1951 Mar;27(1):1–19. doi: 10.1136/sti.27.1.1. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HACKETT C. J. Gaps in the knowledge of yaws. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1949 Nov;43(3):311–316. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(49)90008-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HASSELMANN C. M. Experimental evidence and clinical studies as basis for nomenclature in frambesia tropica (yaws). AMA Arch Derm Syphilol. 1952 Jul;66(1):107–122. doi: 10.1001/archderm.1952.01530260110012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HUDSON E. H. Bejel. Br J Vener Dis. 1951 Dec;27(4):174–178. doi: 10.1136/sti.27.4.174. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KHAN A. S., NELSON R. A., Jr, TURNER T. B. Immunological relationships among species and strains of virulent treponemes as determined with the treponemal immobilization test. Am J Hyg. 1951 May;53(3):296–316. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119455. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LI H. Y., SOEBEKTI R. Serological study of yaws in Java. Bull World Health Organ. 1955;12(6):905–943. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SATCHELL G. H., HARRISON R. A. Experimental observations on the possibility of transmission of yaws by wound-feeding Diptera, in Western Samoa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1953 Mar;47(2):148–153. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(53)90068-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SOETOPO M., WASITO R. Experience with yaws control in Indonesia; preliminary results with a simplified approach. Bull World Health Organ. 1953;8(1-3):273–295. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TAYLOR W. N. Endemic syphilis in a South African coloured community. S Afr Med J. 1954 Feb 27;28(9):176–178. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- TURNER T. B., HOLLANDER D. H. Studies on treponemes from cases of endemic syphilis. Bull World Health Organ. 1952;7(1):75–81. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WILLCOX R. R. Njovera: An endemic syphilis of Southern Rhodesia. Comparison with bejel. Lancet. 1951 Mar 10;1(6654):558–560. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(51)92246-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ZEC N. Neuropsychiatric affections and endemic syphilis in Bosnia & Herzegovina. Acta Med Iugosl. 1951;5(1-2):176–200. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]