Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1987 Apr;61(4):1248–1252. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.4.1248-1252.1987

Mutational analysis of open reading frame E4 of bovine papillomavirus type 1.

K Neary, B H Horwitz, D DiMaio
PMCID: PMC254088  PMID: 3029420

Abstract

Open reading frame (ORF) E4 is a 353-base-pair ORF of bovine papillomavirus type 1. To determine the biological activities of this ORF in mouse C127 cells, we analyzed the effects of two constructed mutations which are predicted to prevent synthesis of ORF E4 proteins while leaving the amino acid sequence encoded by the overlapping ORF E2 unchanged. Neither mutation interfered with the abilities of the mutants to efficiently induce focus formation, induce growth in soft agarose, or transactivate an inducible bovine papillomavirus type 1 enhancer. Also, neither mutation prevented establishment of the viral DNA as an extrachromosomal plasmid in transformed cells. These results suggest that ORF E4 proteins are not required for these biological activities, and they are consistent with the observation of others (J. Doorbar, D. Campbell, R. J. A. Grand, and P. H. Gallimore, EMBO J. 5:355-362, 1986) that the ORF E4 protein of a human papillomavirus is associated with late gene expression during papilloma formation.

Full text

PDF
1252

Images in this article

1250Image
on p.1250
1250Image
on p.1250
1251Image
on p.1251

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Berg L. J., Singh K., Botchan M. Complementation of a bovine papilloma virus low-copy-number mutant: evidence for a temporal requirement of the complementing gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Mar;6(3):859–869. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.3.859. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. DiMaio D. Nonsense mutation in open reading frame E2 of bovine papillomavirus DNA. J Virol. 1986 Feb;57(2):475–480. doi: 10.1128/jvi.57.2.475-480.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. DiMaio D., Treisman R., Maniatis T. Bovine papillomavirus vector that propagates as a plasmid in both mouse and bacterial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jul;79(13):4030–4034. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.13.4030. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. DiMaio D., Treisman R., Maniatis T. Bovine papillomavirus vector that propagates as a plasmid in both mouse and bacterial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jul;79(13):4030–4034. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.13.4030. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Doorbar J., Campbell D., Grand R. J., Gallimore P. H. Identification of the human papilloma virus-1a E4 gene products. EMBO J. 1986 Feb;5(2):355–362. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04219.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dvoretzky I., Shober R., Chattopadhyay S. K., Lowy D. R. A quantitative in vitro focus assay for bovine papilloma virus. Virology. 1980 Jun;103(2):369–375. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90195-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Gorman C. M., Howard B. H., Reeves R. Expression of recombinant plasmids in mammalian cells is enhanced by sodium butyrate. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Nov 11;11(21):7631–7648. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.21.7631. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Groff D. E., Lancaster W. D. Genetic analysis of the 3' early region transformation and replication functions of bovine papillomavirus type 1. Virology. 1986 Apr 15;150(1):221–230. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90281-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hirt B. Selective extraction of polyoma DNA from infected mouse cell cultures. J Mol Biol. 1967 Jun 14;26(2):365–369. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(67)90307-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kozak M. Comparison of initiation of protein synthesis in procaryotes, eucaryotes, and organelles. Microbiol Rev. 1983 Mar;47(1):1–45. doi: 10.1128/mr.47.1.1-45.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kunkel T. A. Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(2):488–492. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.2.488. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lancaster W. D. Apparent lack of integration of bovine papillomavirus DNA in virus-induced equine and bovine tumor cells and virus-transformed mouse cells. Virology. 1981 Jan 30;108(2):251–255. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90433-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lancaster W. D., Olson C. Animal papillomaviruses. Microbiol Rev. 1982 Jun;46(2):191–207. doi: 10.1128/mr.46.2.191-207.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Law M. F., Lowy D. R., Dvoretzky I., Howley P. M. Mouse cells transformed by bovine papillomavirus contain only extrachromosomal viral DNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 May;78(5):2727–2731. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.5.2727. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lowy D. R., Dvoretzky I., Shober R., Law M. F., Engel L., Howley P. M. In vitro tumorigenic transformation by a defined sub-genomic fragment of bovine papilloma virus DNA. Nature. 1980 Sep 4;287(5777):72–74. doi: 10.1038/287072a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Lusky M., Botchan M. R. Characterization of the bovine papilloma virus plasmid maintenance sequences. Cell. 1984 Feb;36(2):391–401. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90232-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Lusky M., Botchan M. R. Genetic analysis of bovine papillomavirus type 1 trans-acting replication factors. J Virol. 1985 Mar;53(3):955–965. doi: 10.1128/jvi.53.3.955-965.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Messing J. New M13 vectors for cloning. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:20–78. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01005-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Nakabayashi Y., Chattopadhyay S. K., Lowy D. R. The transforming function of bovine papillomavirus DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Oct;80(19):5832–5836. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.19.5832. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Pfister H. Biology and biochemistry of papillomaviruses. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 1984;99:111–181. doi: 10.1007/BFb0027716. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sarver N., Byrne J. C., Howley P. M. Transformation and replication in mouse cells of a bovine papillomavirus--pML2 plasmid vector that can be rescued in bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Dec;79(23):7147–7151. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.23.7147. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Sarver N., Rabson M. S., Yang Y. C., Byrne J. C., Howley P. M. Localization and analysis of bovine papillomavirus type 1 transforming functions. J Virol. 1984 Nov;52(2):377–388. doi: 10.1128/jvi.52.2.377-388.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Schiller J. T., Vass W. C., Lowy D. R. Identification of a second transforming region in bovine papillomavirus DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(24):7880–7884. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.24.7880. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Schiller J. T., Vass W. C., Vousden K. H., Lowy D. R. E5 open reading frame of bovine papillomavirus type 1 encodes a transforming gene. J Virol. 1986 Jan;57(1):1–6. doi: 10.1128/jvi.57.1.1-6.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Schwarz E., Dürst M., Demankowski C., Lattermann O., Zech R., Wolfsperger E., Suhai S., zur Hausen H. DNA sequence and genome organization of genital human papillomavirus type 6b. EMBO J. 1983;2(12):2341–2348. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01744.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Spalholz B. A., Yang Y. C., Howley P. M. Transactivation of a bovine papilloma virus transcriptional regulatory element by the E2 gene product. Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):183–191. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80114-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Stenlund A., Zabielski J., Ahola H., Moreno-Lopez J., Pettersson U. Messenger RNAs from the transforming region of bovine papilloma virus type I. J Mol Biol. 1985 Apr 20;182(4):541–554. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90240-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Wahl G. M., Stern M., Stark G. R. Efficient transfer of large DNA fragments from agarose gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and rapid hybridization by using dextran sulfate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Aug;76(8):3683–3687. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.8.3683. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Yang Y. C., Okayama H., Howley P. M. Bovine papillomavirus contains multiple transforming genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(4):1030–1034. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.4.1030. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Yang Y. C., Spalholz B. A., Rabson M. S., Howley P. M. Dissociation of transforming and trans-activation functions for bovine papillomavirus type 1. Nature. 1985 Dec 12;318(6046):575–577. doi: 10.1038/318575a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Zoller M. J., Smith M. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of DNA fragments cloned into M13 vectors. Methods Enzymol. 1983;100:468–500. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)00074-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES