Skip to main content
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1983 Jan;45(1):185–191. doi: 10.1128/jvi.45.1.185-191.1983

Sequence arrangement and protein coding capacity of the adenovirus type 2 "i" leader.

E Falvey, E Ziff
PMCID: PMC256400  PMID: 6823011

Abstract

The adenovirus type 2 (Ad-2) "i" leader is an RNA segment which is preserved in some mRNA species from the Ad-2 late transcription unit. It maps between the second and third segments of the standard tripartite leader. We located the boundaries of the i leader in genomic Ad-2 DNA and determined its nucleotide sequence. The leader contains an ATG initiator near its 5' boundary, followed by a reading frame which is open for translation. We suggest that the i leader constitutes an Ad-2 coding sequence whose novel position within the leader of major late transcription unit messengers allows it to be translated in preference to coding sequences in mRNA main bodies. The i leader potentially contributes to the coding sequences of a family of proteins. Also, a Northern blot analysis of late mRNAs containing the i leader suggests that it may be retained in the leaders of many different late transcription unit mRNAs. We compare the i leader to the simian virus 40 agnogene.

Full text

PDF
190

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Akusjärvi G., Pettersson J. Sequence analysis of adenovirus DNA. IV. The genomic sequences encoding the common tripartite leader of late adenovirus messenger RNA. J Mol Biol. 1979 Oct 15;134(1):143–158. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90417-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Berk A. J., Sharp P. A. Sizing and mapping of early adenovirus mRNAs by gel electrophoresis of S1 endonuclease-digested hybrids. Cell. 1977 Nov;12(3):721–732. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90272-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chow L. T., Broker T. R., Lewis J. B. Complex splicing patterns of RNAs from the early regions of adenovirus-2. J Mol Biol. 1979 Oct 25;134(2):265–303. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90036-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dhar R., Subramanian K. N., Pan J., Weissman S. M. Structure of a large segment of the genome of simian virus 40 that does not encode known proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Mar;74(3):827–831. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.3.827. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Evans R., Weber J., Ziff E., Darnell J. E. Premature termination during adenovirus transcription. Nature. 1979 Mar 22;278(5702):367–370. doi: 10.1038/278367a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fraser N. W., Baker C. C., Moore M. A., Ziff E. B. Poly(A) sites of adenovirus serotype 2 transcription units. J Mol Biol. 1982 Mar 5;155(3):207–233. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90002-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Fraser N. W., Nevins J. R., Ziff E., Darnell J. E., Jr The major late adenovirus type-2 transcription unit: termination is downstream from the last poly(A) site. J Mol Biol. 1979 Apr 25;129(4):643–656. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90474-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fraser N., Ziff E. RNA structures near poly(A) of adenovirus-2 late messenger RNAs. J Mol Biol. 1978 Sep 5;124(1):27–31. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90145-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Ghosh P. K., Reddy V. B., Swinscoe J., Choudary P. V., Lebowitz P., Weissman S. M. The 5'-terminal leader sequence of late 16 S mRNA from cells infected with simian virus 40. J Biol Chem. 1978 May 25;253(10):3643–3647. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hay N., Skolnik-David H., Aloni Y. Attenuation in the control of SV40 gene expression. Cell. 1982 May;29(1):183–193. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90102-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Jackson V., Chalkley R. Use of whole-cell fixation to visualize replicating and maturing simian virus 40: identification of new viral gene product. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6081–6085. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6081. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Jay G., Nomura S., Anderson C. W., Khoury G. Identification of the SV40 agnogene product: a DNA binding protein. Nature. 1981 May 28;291(5813):346–349. doi: 10.1038/291346a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Kozak M. How do eucaryotic ribosomes select initiation regions in messenger RNA? Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1109–1123. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90039-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):560–564. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Nevins J. R., Darnell J. E., Jr Steps in the processing of Ad2 mRNA: poly(A)+ nuclear sequences are conserved and poly(A) addition precedes splicing. Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1477–1493. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90071-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Sharp P. A. Speculations on RNA splicing. Cell. 1981 Mar;23(3):643–646. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90425-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Shaw A. R., Ziff E. B. Transcripts from the adenovirus-2 major late promoter yield a single early family of 3' coterminal mRNAs and five late families. Cell. 1980 Dec;22(3):905–916. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90568-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Virtanen A., Aleström P., Persson H., Katze M. G., Pettersson U. An adenovirus agnogene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Apr 24;10(8):2539–2548. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.8.2539. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Wilson M. C., Nevins J. R., Blanchard J. M., Ginsberg H. S., Darnell J. E., Jr Metabolism of mRNA from the transforming region of adenovirus 2. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 1):447–455. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.048. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Zain S., Sambrook J., Roberts R. J., Keller W., Fried M., Dunn A. R. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the leader segments in a cloned copy of adenovirus 2 fiber mRNA. Cell. 1979 Apr;16(4):851–861. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90100-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ziff E. B., Evans R. M. Coincidence of the promoter and capped 5' terminus of RNA from the adenovirus 2 major late transcription unit. Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1463–1475. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90070-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Ziff E. B. Transcription and RNA processing by the DNA tumour viruses. Nature. 1980 Oct 9;287(5782):491–499. doi: 10.1038/287491a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Ziff E., Fraser N. Adenovirus type 2 late mRNA's: structural evidence for 3'-coterminal species. J Virol. 1978 Mar;25(3):897–906. doi: 10.1128/jvi.25.3.897-906.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES