Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1982 Jan;41(1):163–171. doi: 10.1128/jvi.41.1.163-171.1982

Spontaneous variation and synthesis in the U3 region of the long terminal repeat of an avian retrovirus.

K Shimotohno, H M Temin
PMCID: PMC256737  PMID: 6283110

Abstract

Recombinant DNA clones of a viral clone of spleen necrosis virus, an avian retrovirus, were found to have long terminal repeats of different sizes. The variation was in the U3 region of the long terminal repeats, and any one clone had U3 of the same size in both long terminal repeats. The U3 regions in the 5' and 3' long terminal repeat were shown both to be derived from the 3' long terminal repeat of parental virus DNA.

Full text

PDF
166

Images in this article

164Image
on p.164
165Image
on p.165
166Image
on p.166
167Image
on p.167
169Image
on p.169

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Battula N., Loeb L. A. The infidelity of avian myeloblastosis virus deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase in polynucleotide replication. J Biol Chem. 1974 Jul 10;249(13):4086–4093. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Battula N., Temin H. M. Infectious DNA of spleen necrosis virus is integrated at a single site in the DNA of chronically infected chicken fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Jan;74(1):281–285. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.1.281. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Benoist C., Chambon P. In vivo sequence requirements of the SV40 early promotor region. Nature. 1981 Mar 26;290(5804):304–310. doi: 10.1038/290304a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Coffin J. M. Structure, replication, and recombination of retrovirus genomes: some unifying hypotheses. J Gen Virol. 1979 Jan;42(1):1–26. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-42-1-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cooper G. M., Okenquist S. Mechanism of transfection of chicken embryo fibroblasts by Rous sarcoma virus DNA. J Virol. 1978 Oct;28(1):45–52. doi: 10.1128/jvi.28.1.45-52.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dhar R., McClements W. L., Enquist L. W., Vande Woude G. F. Nucleotide sequences of integrated Moloney sarcoma provirus long terminal repeats and their host and viral junctions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):3937–3941. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.7.3937. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Efstratiadis A., Posakony J. W., Maniatis T., Lawn R. M., O'Connell C., Spritz R. A., DeRiel J. K., Forget B. G., Weissman S. M., Slightom J. L. The structure and evolution of the human beta-globin gene family. Cell. 1980 Oct;21(3):653–668. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90429-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Floyd R. W., Stone M. P., Joklik W. K. Separation of single-stranded ribonucleic acids by acrylamide-agarose-urea gel electrophoresis. Anal Biochem. 1974 Jun;59(2):599–609. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(74)90313-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gilboa E., Goff S., Shields A., Yoshimura F., Mitra S., Baltimore D. In vitro synthesis of a 9 kbp terminally redundant DNA carrying the infectivity of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Cell. 1979 Apr;16(4):863–874. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90101-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Goeddel D. V., Leung D. W., Dull T. J., Gross M., Lawn R. M., McCandliss R., Seeburg P. H., Ullrich A., Yelverton E., Gray P. W. The structure of eight distinct cloned human leukocyte interferon cDNAs. Nature. 1981 Mar 5;290(5801):20–26. doi: 10.1038/290020a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hirt B. Selective extraction of polyoma DNA from infected mouse cell cultures. J Mol Biol. 1967 Jun 14;26(2):365–369. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(67)90307-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hsu T. W., Sabran J. L., Mark G. E., Guntaka R. V., Taylor J. M. Analysis of unintegrated avian RNA tumor virus double-stranded DNA intermediates. J Virol. 1978 Dec;28(3):810–818. doi: 10.1128/jvi.28.3.810-818.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Ju G., Skalka A. M. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of avian retroviruses: structural similarities with transposable elements. Cell. 1980 Nov;22(2 Pt 2):379–386. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90348-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mizutani S., Temin H. M. Incorporation of noncomplementary nucleotides at high frequencies by ribodeoxyvirus DNA polymerases and Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I. Biochemistry. 1976 Apr 6;15(7):1510–1516. doi: 10.1021/bi00652a023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. O'Rear J. J., Mizutani S., Hoffman G., Fiandt M., Temin H. M. Infectious and noninfectious recombinant clones of the provirus of SNV differ in cellular DNA and are apparently the same in viral DNA. Cell. 1980 Jun;20(2):423–430. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90628-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. O'Rear J. J., Temin H. M. Mapping of alterations in noninfectious proviruses of spleen necrosis virus. J Virol. 1981 Jul;39(1):138–149. doi: 10.1128/jvi.39.1.138-149.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Reddy E. P., Smith M. J., Canaani E., Robbins K. C., Tronick S. R., Zain S., Aaronson S. A. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the transforming region and large terminal redundancies of Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Sep;77(9):5234–5238. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.9.5234. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Reiser J., Renart J., Stark G. R. Transfer of small DNA fragments from polyacrylamide gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl-paper and detection by hybridization with DNA probes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1978 Dec 14;85(3):1104–1112. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)90656-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Shank P. R., Hughes S. H., Kung H. J., Majors J. E., Quintrell N., Guntaka R. V., Bishop J. M., Varmus H. E. Mapping unintegrated avian sarcoma virus DNA: termini of linear DNA bear 300 nucleotides present once or twice in two species of circular DNA. Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1383–1395. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90063-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Shimotohno K., Mizutani S., Temin H. M. Sequence of retrovirus provirus resembles that of bacterial transposable elements. Nature. 1980 Jun 19;285(5766):550–554. doi: 10.1038/285550a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Shimotohno K., Temin H. M. No apparent nucleotide sequence specificity in cellular DNA juxtaposed to retrovirus proviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7357–7361. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7357. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Streisinger G., Okada Y., Emrich J., Newton J., Tsugita A., Terzaghi E., Inouye M. Frameshift mutations and the genetic code. This paper is dedicated to Professor Theodosius Dobzhansky on the occasion of his 66th birthday. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1966;31:77–84. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1966.031.01.014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Taylor J. M., Hsu T. W., Yeater C., Mason W. S. Synthesis and integration of avian sarcoma virus DNA. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 2):1091–1096. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.117. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Van Beveren C., Goddard J. G., Berns A., Verma I. M. Structure of Moloney murine leukemia viral DNA: nucleotide sequence of the 5' long terminal repeat and adjacent cellular sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3307–3311. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3307. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Yamamoto T., de Crombrugghe B., Pastan I. Identification of a functional promoter in the long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus. Cell. 1980 Dec;22(3):787–797. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90555-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES