Skip to main content
PMC home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1986 Nov;54(2):568–574. doi: 10.1128/iai.54.2.568-574.1986

Chemical, biological, and immunochemical properties of the Chlamydia psittaci lipopolysaccharide.

L Brade, S Schramek, U Schade, H Brade
PMCID: PMC260199  PMID: 3770953

Abstract

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Chlamydia psittaci was extracted from yolk sac-grown elementary bodies, purified, and characterized chemically, immunochemically, and biologically. The LPS contained D-galactosamine, D-glucosamine, phosphorus, long-chain fatty acids, and 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid in the molar ratio of approximately 1:2:2:6:5. The antigenic properties of the isolated LPS were compared with those of the LPS from Chlamydia trachomatis and Salmonella minnesota Re by the passive hemolysis and passive hemolysis inhibition tests, absorption, hydrolysis kinetics, and Western blot analysis with rabbit polyclonal antisera against chlamydiae and with a mouse monoclonal antibody recognizing a genus-specific epitope of chlamydial LPS. Two antigenic determinants were identified, one of which was chlamydia specific and the other of which was cross-reactive with Re LPS. Both determinants were destroyed during acid hydrolysis, whereby a third antigen specificity was exposed which was indistinguishable from the lipid A antigenicity. In rabbit polyclonal antisera prepared against Formalin-killed elementary bodies or detergent-solubilized membranes, two antibody specificities were differentiated. One of these was chlamydia specific, and the other was cross-reactive with Re LPS. The LPS of C. psittaci was inactive within typical endotoxin parameters (lethal toxicity, pyrogenicity, local Shwartzman reactivity); it was, however, active in some in vitro assays, such as those testing for mouse B-cell mitogenicity and the induction of prostaglandin E2 in mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Full text

PDF
572

Images in this article

569Image
on p.569

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bittner M., Kupferer P., Morris C. F. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins and nucleic acids from slab gels to diazobenzyloxymethyl cellulose or nitrocellulose sheets. Anal Biochem. 1980 Mar 1;102(2):459–471. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90182-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brade H., Brunner H. Serological cross-reactions between Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and chlamydiae. J Clin Microbiol. 1979 Dec;10(6):819–822. doi: 10.1128/jcm.10.6.819-822.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brade H., Galanos C. Common lipopolysaccharide specificity: new type of antigen residing in the inner core region of S- and R-form lipopolysaccharides from different families of gram-negative bacteria. Infect Immun. 1983 Oct;42(1):250–256. doi: 10.1128/iai.42.1.250-256.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brade H., Galanos C. Isolation, purification, and chemical analysis of the lipopolysaccharide and lipid A of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCTC 10305. Eur J Biochem. 1982 Feb;122(2):233–237. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb05871.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brade H., Galanos C., Lüderitz O. Differential determination of the 3-Deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid residues in lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella minnesota rough mutants. Eur J Biochem. 1983 Mar 1;131(1):195–200. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07249.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Brade H. Occurrence of 2-keto-deoxyoctonic acid 5-phosphate in lipopolysaccharides of Vibrio cholerae Ogawa and Inaba. J Bacteriol. 1985 Feb;161(2):795–798. doi: 10.1128/jb.161.2.795-798.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Brade L., Brade H. A 28,000-dalton protein of normal mouse serum binds specifically to the inner core region of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Infect Immun. 1985 Dec;50(3):687–694. doi: 10.1128/iai.50.3.687-694.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Brade L., Brade H. Characterization of two different antibody specificities recognizing distinct antigenic determinants in free lipid A of Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1985 Jun;48(3):776–781. doi: 10.1128/iai.48.3.776-781.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Brade L., Nurminen M., Mäkelä P. H., Brade H. Antigenic properties of Chlamydia trachomatis lipopolysaccharide. Infect Immun. 1985 May;48(2):569–572. doi: 10.1128/iai.48.2.569-572.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Byrne G. I., Moulder J. W. Parasite-specified phagocytosis of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis by L and HeLa cells. Infect Immun. 1978 Feb;19(2):598–606. doi: 10.1128/iai.19.2.598-606.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Caldwell H. D., Hitchcock P. J. Monoclonal antibody against a genus-specific antigen of Chlamydia species: location of the epitope on chlamydial lipopolysaccharide. Infect Immun. 1984 May;44(2):306–314. doi: 10.1128/iai.44.2.306-314.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Caldwell H. D., Kromhout J., Schachter J. Purification and partial characterization of the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis. Infect Immun. 1981 Mar;31(3):1161–1176. doi: 10.1128/iai.31.3.1161-1176.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Caldwell H. D., Kuo C. C., Kenny G. E. Antigenic analysis of Chlamydiae by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. I. Antigenic heterogeneity between C. trachomatis and C. psittaci. J Immunol. 1975 Oct;115(4):963–968. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Caldwell H. D., Schachter J. Antigenic analysis of the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia spp. Infect Immun. 1982 Mar;35(3):1024–1031. doi: 10.1128/iai.35.3.1024-1031.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Dhir S. P., Hakomori S., Kenny G. E., Grayston J. T. Immunochemical studies on chlamydial group antigen (presence of a 2-keto-3-deoxycarbohydrate as immunodominant group). J Immunol. 1972 Jul;109(1):116–122. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Dhir S. P., Kenny G. E., Grayston J. T. Characterization of the group antigen of Chlamydia trachomatis. Infect Immun. 1971 Dec;4(6):725–730. doi: 10.1128/iai.4.6.725-730.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Friis R. R. Interaction of L cells and Chlamydia psittaci: entry of the parasite and host responses to its development. J Bacteriol. 1972 May;110(2):706–721. doi: 10.1128/jb.110.2.706-721.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Galanos C., Lüderitz O. Electrodialysis of lipopolysaccharides and their conversion to uniform salt forms. Eur J Biochem. 1975 Jun;54(2):603–610. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb04172.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Galanos C., Lüderitz O., Rietschel E. T., Westphal O., Brade H., Brade L., Freudenberg M., Schade U., Imoto M., Yoshimura H. Synthetic and natural Escherichia coli free lipid A express identical endotoxic activities. Eur J Biochem. 1985 Apr 1;148(1):1–5. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb08798.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Galanos C., Lüderitz O., Westphal O. A new method for the extraction of R lipopolysaccharides. Eur J Biochem. 1969 Jun;9(2):245–249. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1969.tb00601.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Galanos C., Lüderitz O., Westphal O. Preparation and properties of a standardized lipopolysaccharide from salmonella abortus equi (Novo-Pyrexal). Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A. 1979 Apr;243(2-3):226–244. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Kingsbury D. T., Weiss E. Lack of deoxyribonucleic acid homology between species of the genus Chlamydia. J Bacteriol. 1968 Oct;96(4):1421–1423. doi: 10.1128/jb.96.4.1421-1423.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. LOWRY O. H., ROBERTS N. R., LEINER K. Y., WU M. L., FARR A. L. The quantitative histochemistry of brain. I. Chemical methods. J Biol Chem. 1954 Mar;207(1):1–17. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Lüderitz O., Galanos C., Risse H. J., Ruschmann E., Schlecht S., Schmidt G., Schulte-Holthausen H., Wheat R., Westphal O., Schlosshardt J. Structural relationship of Salmonella O and R antigens. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1966 Jun 30;133(2):349–374. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb52376.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Nano F. E., Caldwell H. D. Expression of the chlamydial genus-specific lipopolysaccharide epitope in Escherichia coli. Science. 1985 May 10;228(4700):742–744. doi: 10.1126/science.2581315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Nurminen M., Leinonen M., Saikku P., Mäkelä P. H. The genus-specific antigen of Chlamydia: resemblance to the lipopolysaccharide of enteric bacteria. Science. 1983 Jun 17;220(4603):1279–1281. doi: 10.1126/science.6344216. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Nurminen M., Rietschel E. T., Brade H. Chemical characterization of Chlamydia trachomatis lipopolysaccharide. Infect Immun. 1985 May;48(2):573–575. doi: 10.1128/iai.48.2.573-575.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Nurminen M., Wahlström E., Kleemola M., Leinonen M., Saikku P., Mäkelä P. H. Immunologically related ketodeoxyoctonate-containing structures in Chlamydia trachomatis, Re mutants of Salmonella species, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus. Infect Immun. 1984 Jun;44(3):609–613. doi: 10.1128/iai.44.3.609-613.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. STROMINGER J. L., PARK J. T., THOMPSON R. E. Composition of the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus: its relation to the mechanism of action of penicillin. J Biol Chem. 1959 Dec;234:3263–3268. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Schachter J., Caldwell H. D. Chlamydiae. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1980;34:285–309. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.34.100180.001441. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Sádecký E., Trávnicek M., Balascák J., Brezina R., Kazár J., Urvölgyi J., Flesár I., Cizmár J. Enzootický potrat oviec v okrese Roznava. Vet Med (Praha) 1978 Jan;23(1):25–28. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Tsai C. M., Frasch C. E. A sensitive silver stain for detecting lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels. Anal Biochem. 1982 Jan 1;119(1):115–119. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(82)90673-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Wollenweber H. W., Broady K. W., Lüderitz O., Rietschel E. T. The chemical structure of lipid A. Demonstration of amide-linked 3-acyloxyacyl residues in Salmonella minnesota Re lipopolysaccharide. Eur J Biochem. 1982 May;124(1):191–198. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb05924.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES