Skip to main content
Journal of the National Medical Association logoLink to Journal of the National Medical Association
editorial
. 2000 Jan;92(1):48–51.

A strategic call to utilize Echinacea-garlic in flu-cold seasons.

T Abdullah
PMCID: PMC2640516  PMID: 10800289

Full text

PDF
48

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Abdullah T. H. In vitro efficacy of a compound derived from garlic against Pneumocystis carinii. J Natl Med Assoc. 1996 Nov;88(11):694–704. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Abdullah T. H., Kandil O., Elkadi A., Carter J. Garlic revisited: therapeutic for the major diseases of our times? J Natl Med Assoc. 1988 Apr;80(4):439–445. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bauer V. R., Jurcic K., Puhlmann J., Wagner H. Immunologische In-vivo- und In-vitro-Untersuchungen mit Echinacea-Extrakten. Arzneimittelforschung. 1988 Feb;38(2):276–281. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brinkeborn R. M., Shah D. V., Degenring F. H. Echinaforce and other Echinacea fresh plant preparations in the treatment of the common cold. A randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Phytomedicine. 1999 Mar;6(1):1–6. doi: 10.1016/S0944-7113(99)80027-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bukovský M., Vaverková S., Kost'álová D. Immunomodulating activity of Echinacea gloriosa L., Echinacea angustifolia DC. and Rudbeckia speciosa Wenderoth ethanol-water extracts. Pol J Pharmacol. 1995 Mar-Apr;47(2):175–177. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Burger R. A., Torres A. R., Warren R. P., Caldwell V. D., Hughes B. G. Echinacea-induced cytokine production by human macrophages. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1997 Jul;19(7):371–379. doi: 10.1016/s0192-0561(97)00061-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Coeugniet E. G., Elek E. Immunomodulation with Viscum album and Echinacea purpurea extracts. Onkologie. 1987 Jun;10(3 Suppl):27–33. doi: 10.1159/000216462. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Eşanu V., Prahoveanu E. The effect of garlic extract, applied as such or in association with NaF, on experimental influenza in mice. Virologie. 1983 Jan-Mar;34(1):11–17. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Farbman K. S., Barnett E. D., Bolduc G. R., Klein J. O. Antibacterial activity of garlic and onions: a historical perspective. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993 Jul;12(7):613–614. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199307000-00013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Feng Z. H., Zhang G. M., Hao T. L., Zhou B., Zhang H., Jiang Z. Y. Effect of diallyl trisulfide on the activation of T cell and macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. J Tongji Med Univ. 1994;14(3):142–147. doi: 10.1007/BF02886794. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gunning K. Echinacea in the treatment and prevention of upper respiratory tract infections. West J Med. 1999 Sep;171(3):198–200. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Jeong H. G., Lee Y. W. Protective effects of diallyl sulfide on N-nitrosodimethylamine-induced immunosuppression in mice. Cancer Lett. 1998 Dec 11;134(1):73–79. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3835(98)00246-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lau B. H., Yamasaki T., Gridley D. S. Garlic compounds modulate macrophage and T-lymphocyte functions. Mol Biother. 1991 Jun;3(2):103–107. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lersch C., Zeuner M., Bauer A., Siemens M., Hart R., Drescher M., Fink U., Dancygier H., Classen M. Nonspecific immunostimulation with low doses of cyclophosphamide (LDCY), thymostimulin, and Echinacea purpurea extracts (echinacin) in patients with far advanced colorectal cancers: preliminary results. Cancer Invest. 1992;10(5):343–348. doi: 10.3109/07357909209024793. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Luettig B., Steinmüller C., Gifford G. E., Wagner H., Lohmann-Matthes M. L. Macrophage activation by the polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from plant cell cultures of Echinacea purpurea. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989 May 3;81(9):669–675. doi: 10.1093/jnci/81.9.669. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Nagai K. [Preventive effect of garlic extract against influenza]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 1973 Sep;47(9):321–325. doi: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.47.321. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Rehman J., Dillow J. M., Carter S. M., Chou J., Le B., Maisel A. S. Increased production of antigen-specific immunoglobulins G and M following in vivo treatment with the medicinal plants Echinacea angustifolia and Hydrastis canadensis. Immunol Lett. 1999 Jun 1;68(2-3):391–395. doi: 10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00085-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Roesler J., Emmendörffer A., Steinmüller C., Luettig B., Wagner H., Lohmann-Matthes M. L. Application of purified polysaccharides from cell cultures of the plant Echinacea purpurea to test subjects mediates activation of the phagocyte system. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1991;13(7):931–941. doi: 10.1016/0192-0561(91)90046-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Roesler J., Steinmüller C., Kiderlen A., Emmendörffer A., Wagner H., Lohmann-Matthes M. L. Application of purified polysaccharides from cell cultures of the plant Echinacea purpurea to mice mediates protection against systemic infections with Listeria monocytogenes and Candida albicans. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1991;13(1):27–37. doi: 10.1016/0192-0561(91)90022-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Romano E. L., Montaño R. F., Brito B., Apitz R., Alonso J., Romano M., Gebrán S., Soyano A. Effects of Ajoene on lymphocyte and macrophage membrane-dependent functions. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 1997 Feb;19(1):15–36. doi: 10.3109/08923979709038531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Stimpel M., Proksch A., Wagner H., Lohmann-Matthes M. L. Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant Echinacea purpurea. Infect Immun. 1984 Dec;46(3):845–849. doi: 10.1128/iai.46.3.845-849.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Tang Z., Sheng Z., Liu S., Jian X., Sun K., Yan M. [The preventing function of garlic on experimental oral precancer and its effect on natural killer cells, T-lymphocytes and interleukin-2]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 1997;22(3):246–248. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Thompson K. D. Antiviral activity of Viracea against acyclovir susceptible and acyclovir resistant strains of herpes simplex virus. Antiviral Res. 1998 Jul;39(1):55–61. doi: 10.1016/s0166-3542(98)00027-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Tsai Y., Cole L. L., Davis L. E., Lockwood S. J., Simmons V., Wild G. C. Antiviral properties of garlic: in vitro effects on influenza B, herpes simplex and coxsackie viruses. Planta Med. 1985 Oct;(5):460–461. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-969553. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Uchida Y., Takahashi T., Sato N. [The characteristics of the antibacterial activity of garlic (author's transl)]. Jpn J Antibiot. 1975 Aug;28(4):638–642. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Wagner H., Jurcic K. Immunologische Untersuchungen von pflanzlichen Kombinationspräparaten. In-vitro- und In-vivo-Studien zur Stimulierung der Phagozytosefähigkeit. Arzneimittelforschung. 1991 Oct;41(10):1072–1076. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Wagner H., Proksch A., Riess-Maurer I., Vollmar A., Odenthal S., Stuppner H., Jurcic K., Le Turdu M., Fang J. N. Immunstimulierend wirkende Polysaccharide (Heteroglykane) aus höheren Pflanzen. Arzneimittelforschung. 1985;35(7):1069–1075. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Weber N. D., Andersen D. O., North J. A., Murray B. K., Lawson L. D., Hughes B. G. In vitro virucidal effects of Allium sativum (garlic) extract and compounds. Planta Med. 1992 Oct;58(5):417–423. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-961504. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of the National Medical Association are provided here courtesy of National Medical Association

RESOURCES