Skip to main content
PMC home page
Infection and Immunity logoLink to Infection and Immunity
. 1984 Mar;43(3):906–911. doi: 10.1128/iai.43.3.906-911.1984

Effects of environmental and dietary factors on human rotavirus infection in gnotobiotic piglets.

R B Steel, A Torres-Medina
PMCID: PMC264269  PMID: 6321353

Abstract

The addition of proteolytic enzyme to diets fed to newborn gnotobiotic piglets exacerbated their diarrheal response after oral infection with human rotaviruses. Supplementation of diets with proteolytic enzyme and reduced ambient temperature were evaluated for effects upon the clinical response of gnotobiotic piglets infected with human rotavirus Wa strain, type 2. Piglets were divided into four treatment groups combining two variables: ambient temperature of 35 or 26 degrees C, with and without proteolytic enzyme supplementation of the diet. Infected piglets maintained at 26 degrees C with and without enzyme supplementation had 90 and 70% mortality, respectively. No mortality was observed in infected piglets maintained at 35 degrees C. Protease supplementation of diets fed to piglets kept at 35 degrees C resulted in more uniform onset of diarrhea of greater severity than in littermates fed diets without the supplementation.

Full text

PDF
909

Images in this article

907Image
on p.907

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bachmann P. A. Rotavirusnachweis in Faezes: Erfahrungen mit dem Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Zentralbl Veterinarmed B. 1979 Dec;26(10):835–842. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barnett B. B., Spendlove R. S., Clark M. L. Effect of enzymes on rotavirus infectivity. J Clin Microbiol. 1979 Jul;10(1):111–113. doi: 10.1128/jcm.10.1.111-113.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bridger J. C., Woode G. N., Jones J. M., Flewett T. H., Bryden A. S., Davies H. Transmission of human rotaviruses to gnotobiotic piglets. J Med Microbiol. 1975 Nov;8(4):565–569. doi: 10.1099/00222615-8-4-565. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Corring T., Aumaitre A., Durand G. Development of digestive enzymes in the piglet from birth to 8 weeks. I. Pancreas and pancreatic enzymes. Nutr Metab. 1978;22(4):231–243. doi: 10.1159/000176219. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Curtis S. E. Environmental--thermoregulatory interactions and neonatal piglet survival. J Anim Sci. 1970 Sep;31(3):576–587. doi: 10.2527/jas1970.313576x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Davidson G. P., Barnes G. L. Structural and functional abnormalities of the small intestine in infants and young children with rotavirus enteritis. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1979 Mar;68(2):181–186. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb04986.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Davidson G. P., Gall D. G., Petric M., Butler D. G., Hamilton J. R. Human rotavirus enteritis induced in conventional piglets. Intestinal structure and transport. J Clin Invest. 1977 Dec;60(6):1402–1409. doi: 10.1172/JCI108901. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Estes M. K., Graham D. Y., Mason B. B. Proteolytic enhancement of rotavirus infectivity: molecular mechanisms. J Virol. 1981 Sep;39(3):879–888. doi: 10.1128/jvi.39.3.879-888.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Furuuchi S., Shimizu Y. Effect of ambient temperatures on multiplication of attenuated transmissible gastroenteritis virus in the bodies of newborn piglets. Infect Immun. 1976 Mar;13(3):990–992. doi: 10.1128/iai.13.3.990-992.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Jensen P. T. Trypsin inhibitor in sow colostrum and its function. Ann Rech Vet. 1978;9(2):225–228. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. McLean B. S., Holmes I. H. Effects of antibodies, trypsin, and trypsin inhibitors on susceptibility of neonates to rotavirus infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1981 Jan;13(1):22–29. doi: 10.1128/jcm.13.1.22-29.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Mebus C. A., Wyatt R. G., Kapikian A. Z. Intestinal lesions induced in gnotobiotic calves by the virus of human infantile gastroenteritis. Vet Pathol. 1977 May;14(3):273–282. doi: 10.1177/030098587701400310. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mebus C. A., Wyatt R. G., Sharpee R. L., Sereno M. M., Kalica A. R., Kapikian A. Z., Twiehaus M. J. Diarrhea in gnotobiotic calves caused by the reovirus-like agent of human infantile gastroenteritis. Infect Immun. 1976 Aug;14(2):471–474. doi: 10.1128/iai.14.2.471-474.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Middleton P. J., Petric M., Szymanski M. T. Propagation of infantile gastroenteritis virus (orbi-group) in conventional and germfree piglets. Infect Immun. 1975 Dec;12(6):1276–1280. doi: 10.1128/iai.12.6.1276-1280.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Pond W. G., Snook J. T., McNeill D., Snyder W. I., Stillings B. R. Pancreatic enzyme activities of pigs up to three weeks of age. J Anim Sci. 1971 Dec;33(6):1270–1273. doi: 10.2527/jas1971.3361270x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Sandholm M., Honkanen-Buzalski T. Colostral trypsin-inhibitor capacity in different animal species. Acta Vet Scand. 1979;20(4):469–476. doi: 10.1186/BF03546574. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Schlafer D. H., Scott F. W. Prevalence of neutralizing antibody to the calf rotavirus in New York cattle. Cornell Vet. 1979 Jul;69(3):262–271. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Shimizu M., Shimizu Y., Kodama Y. Effects of ambient temperatures on induction of transmissible gastroenteritis in feeder pigs. Infect Immun. 1978 Sep;21(3):747–752. doi: 10.1128/iai.21.3.747-752.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Stanton H. C., Mueller R. L. Performance of swine chilled during artificial rearing. Am J Vet Res. 1977 Jul;38(7):1003–1006. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Storz J., Rott R., Kaluza G. Enhancement of plaque formation and cell fusion of an enteropathogenic coronavirus by trypsin treatment. Infect Immun. 1981 Mar;31(3):1214–1222. doi: 10.1128/iai.31.3.1214-1222.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Theil K. W., Bohl E. H., Agnes A. G. Cell culture propagation of porcine rotavirus (reovirus-like agent). Am J Vet Res. 1977 Nov;38(11):1765–1768. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Torres-Medina A., Underdahl N. R. Scanning electron microscopy of intestine of gnotobiotic piglets infected with porcine rotavirus. Can J Comp Med. 1980 Oct;44(4):403–411. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Torres-Medina A., Wyatt R. G., Mebus C. A., Underdahl N. R., Kapikian A. Z. Diarrhea caused in gnotobiotic piglets by the reovirus-like agent of human infantile gastroenteritis. J Infect Dis. 1976 Jan;133(1):22–27. doi: 10.1093/infdis/133.1.22. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Torres-Medina A., Wyatt R. G., Mebus C. A., Underdahl N. R., Kapikian A. Z. Patterns of shedding of human reovirus-like agent in gnotobiotic newborn piglets with experimentally-induced diarrhea. Intervirology. 1976;7(4-5):250–255. doi: 10.1159/000149957. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Underdahl N. R., Mebus C. A., Stair E. L., Twiehaus M. J. The effect of cytopathogenic transmissible gastroenteritis-like viruses and-or Escherichia coli on germfree pigs. Can Vet J. 1972 Jan;13(1):9–16. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Watanabe H., Gust I. D., Holmes I. H. Human rotavirus and its antibody: their coexistence in feces of infants. J Clin Microbiol. 1978 May;7(5):405–409. doi: 10.1128/jcm.7.5.405-409.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Woode G. N., Crouch C. F. Naturally occurring and experimentally induced rotaviral infections of domestic and laboratory animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1978 Sep 1;173(5 Pt 2):522–526. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Woode G. N. Pathogenic rotaviruses isolated from pigs and calves. Ciba Found Symp. 1976;(42):251–271. doi: 10.1002/9780470720240.ch15. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Wyatt R. G., James W. D., Bohl E. H., Theil K. W., Saif L. J., Kalica A. R., Greenberg H. B., Kapikian A. Z., Chanock R. M. Human rotavirus type 2: cultivation in vitro. Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):189–191. doi: 10.1126/science.6243190. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Infection and Immunity are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES