Skip to main content
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1992 Jan;30(1):74–78. doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.1.74-78.1992

Differentiation of Giardia duodenalis from other Giardia spp. by using polymerase chain reaction and gene probes.

M H Mahbubani 1, A K Bej 1, M H Perlin 1, F W Schaefer 3rd 1, W Jakubowski 1, R M Atlas 1
PMCID: PMC264999  PMID: 1734070

Abstract

Giardia spp. are waterborne organisms that are the most commonly identified pathogenic intestinal protozoans in the United States. Current detection techniques for Giardia species in water include microscopy and immunofluorescence techniques. Species of the genus Giardia are classified on the basis of taxonomic criteria, such as cell morphology, and on host specificity. We have developed a polymerase chain reaction- and gene probe-based detection system specific for Giardia spp., which can discriminate between the relevant species of the G. duodenalis type pathogenic to humans and other Giardia species that are not human pathogens. This method can detect a single Giardia cyst and is therefore sensitive enough for environmental monitoring.

Full text

PDF
76

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ANSARI M. A. R. Contribution a l'étude du genre Giardia Kunstler, 1882 (Mastigophora: Octomitidae). I. Tableau synoptique des espèces connues et de quatre espèces nouvelles. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp. 1952;27(4):421–479. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Abbaszadegan M., Gerba C. P., Rose J. B. Detection of Giardia cysts with a cDNA probe and applications to water samples. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Apr;57(4):927–931. doi: 10.1128/aem.57.4.927-931.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Baker D. A., Holberton D. V., Marshall J. Sequence of a giardin subunit cDNA from Giardia lamblia. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Jul 25;16(14B):7177–7177. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.14.7177. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bemrick W. J., Erlandsen S. L. Giardiasis--is it really a zoonosis? Parasitol Today. 1988 Mar;4(3):69–71. doi: 10.1016/0169-4758(88)90198-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Burke J. A. Giardiasis in childhood. Am J Dis Child. 1975 Nov;129(11):1304–1310. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1975.02120480030008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Campbell S. R., van Keulen H., Erlandsen S. L., Senturia J. B., Jarroll E. L. Giardia sp.: comparison of electrophoretic karyotypes. Exp Parasitol. 1990 Nov;71(4):470–482. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(90)90073-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Erlandsen S. L., Bemrick W. J., Wells C. L., Feely D. E., Knudson L., Campbell S. R., van Keulen H., Jarroll E. L. Axenic culture and characterization of Giardia ardeae from the great blue heron (Ardea herodias). J Parasitol. 1990 Oct;76(5):717–724. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Erlandsen S. L., Sherlock L. A., Januschka M., Schupp D. G., Schaefer F. W., 3rd, Jakubowski W., Bemrick W. J. Cross-species transmission of Giardia spp.: inoculation of beavers and muskrats with cysts of human, beaver, mouse, and muskrat origin. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Nov;54(11):2777–2785. doi: 10.1128/aem.54.11.2777-2785.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Faubert G. M. Evidence that giardiasis is a zoonosis. Parasitol Today. 1988 Mar;4(3):66–68. doi: 10.1016/0169-4758(88)90197-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Grant D. R., Woo P. T. Comparative studies of Giardia spp. in small mammals in southern Ontario. II. Host specificity and infectivity of stored cysts. Can J Zool. 1978 Jun;56(6):1360–1366. doi: 10.1139/z78-187. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Keister D. B. Axenic culture of Giardia lamblia in TYI-S-33 medium supplemented with bile. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1983;77(4):487–488. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(83)90120-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Meyer E. A., Radulescu S. Giardia and giardiasis. Adv Parasitol. 1979;17:1–47. doi: 10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60548-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Riggs J. L., Dupuis K. W., Nakamura K., Spath D. P. Detection of Giardia lamblia by immunofluorescence. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 Feb;45(2):698–700. doi: 10.1128/aem.45.2.698-700.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Roberts-Thomson I. C., Stevens D. P., Mahmoud A. A., Warren K. S. Giardiasis in the mouse: an animal model. Gastroenterology. 1976 Jul;71(1):57–61. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Sauch J. F. Use of immunofluorescence and phase-contrast microscopy for detection and identification of Giardia cysts in water samples. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Dec;50(6):1434–1438. doi: 10.1128/aem.50.6.1434-1438.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Spaulding J. J., Pacha R. E., Clark G. W. Quantitation of Giardia cysts by membrane filtration. J Clin Microbiol. 1983 Sep;18(3):713–715. doi: 10.1128/jcm.18.3.713-715.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES