Skip to main content
The Behavior Analyst logoLink to The Behavior Analyst
. 1984 Fall;7(2):157–167. doi: 10.1007/BF03391898

A citation analysis of the influence on research of Skinner's verbal behavior

Adair McPherson, Marilyn Bonem, Gina Green, J Grayson Osborne
PMCID: PMC2741746  PMID: 22478608

Abstract

The influence of Skinner's Verbal Behavior on the generation of verbal behavior research was examined in a citation analysis that counted the citations of the book from January 1957 to August 1983 and described the fields in which the citations occurred. In a subsequent content analysis, citations were classified as directly influenced by the book if they selected at least one of Skinner's classes of verbal behavior for empirical examination. Directly influenced citations were sorted as descriptive, applied, or basic. The total number of citations of the book (836), the increasing annual number of citations, and the range of fields in which the book has been cited are evidence of its broad influence. However, empirical investigations employing at least one of Skinner's classes of verbal behavior are only a small proportion (31/836) of the citations. Of this small proportion an even smaller number constitutes experimental analyses (19/836). The small proportion of empirical studies suggests that Verbal Behavior is primarily cited for reasons other than as source material for research hypotheses in the study of verbal behavior. Some speculations are offered to account for the book's limited influence on research.

Full text

PDF
159

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Boe R., Winokur S. A procedure for studying echoic control in verbal behavior. J Exp Anal Behav. 1978 Sep;30(2):213–217. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1978.30-213. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Garfield E. Citation indexing for studying science. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):669–671. doi: 10.1038/227669a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Gutmann A. J., Rondal J. A. Verbal operants in mothers' speech to nonretarded and Down's syndrome children matched for linguistic level. Am J Ment Defic. 1979 Mar;83(5):446–452. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Hayes S. C., Rincover A., Solnick J. V. The technical drift of applied behavior analysis. J Appl Behav Anal. 1980 Summer;13(2):275–285. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-275. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Horner R. D. A factor analysis comparison of the ITPA and PLS with mentally retarded children. Except Child. 1967 Nov;34(3):183–189. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hung D. W. Training and generalization of yes and no as mands in two autistic children. J Autism Dev Disord. 1980 Jun;10(2):139–152. doi: 10.1007/BF02408465. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. MacCorquodale K. B. F. Skinner's verbal behavior: a retrospective appreciation. J Exp Anal Behav. 1969 Sep;12(5):831–841. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1969.12-831. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Margolis J. Citation indexing and evaluation of scientific papers. Science. 1967 Mar 10;155(3767):1213–1219. doi: 10.1126/science.155.3767.1213. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Marshall N. R., Hegrenes J. R., Goldstein S. Verbal interactions: mothers and their retarded children vs mothers and their nonretarded children. Am J Ment Defic. 1973 Jan;77(4):415–419. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Matheny A. P., Jr Pathological echoic responses in a child: effect of environmental mand and tact control. J Exp Child Psychol. 1968 Dec;6(4):624–631. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(68)90107-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Michael J. Distinguishing between discriminative and motivational functions of stimuli. J Exp Anal Behav. 1982 Jan;37(1):149–155. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1982.37-149. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Nelson R. O., Evans I. M. The combination of learning principles and speech therapy techniques in the treatment of non-communicating children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1968 Nov;9(2):111–124. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1968.tb02215.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Neville M. H. Effects of oral and echoic responses in beginning reading. J Educ Psychol. 1968 Oct;59(5):362–369. doi: 10.1037/h0026235. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1970.13-83. [DOI] [PMC free article] [Google Scholar]
  15. Peine H. A., Gregersen G. F., Sloane H. N., Jr A program to increase vocabulary and spontaneous verbal behavior. Ment Retard. 1970 Apr;8(2):38–44. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Pierce W. D., Epling W. F. What happened to analysis in applied behavior analysis? Behav Anal. 1980 Spring;3(1):1–9. doi: 10.1007/BF03392373. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Poon W., Butler K. G. Evaluation of intraverbal responses in five- to seven-year-old children. J Speech Hear Res. 1972 Jun;15(2):303–307. doi: 10.1044/jshr.1502.303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Reynolds N. J., Risley T. R. The role of social and material reinforcers in increasing talking of a disadvantaged preschool child. J Appl Behav Anal. 1968 Fall;1(3):253–262. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-253. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Simic J., Bucher B. Development of spontaneous manding in language deficient children. J Appl Behav Anal. 1980 Fall;13(3):523–528. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1980.13-523. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Veit S. W., Allen G. J., Chinsky J. M. Interpersonal interactions between institutionalized retarded children and their attendants. Am J Ment Defic. 1976 Mar;80(5):535–542. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. WENRICH W. W. THE TACT RELATION: AN EXPERIMENT IN VERBAL BEHAVIOR. J Gen Psychol. 1964 Jul;71:71–78. doi: 10.1080/00221309.1964.9710290. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Behavior Analyst are provided here courtesy of Association for Behavior Analysis International

RESOURCES