Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1988 Apr;85(7):2357–2361. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.7.2357

A soluble recombinant polypeptide comprising the amino-terminal half of the extracellular region of the CD4 molecule contains an active binding site for human immunodeficiency virus.

E A Berger 1, T R Fuerst 1, B Moss 1
PMCID: PMC279991  PMID: 2451247

Abstract

Infection of helper T lymphocytes by human immunodeficiency virus is initiated by a specific interaction of the viral envelope glycoprotein with CD4, an integral membrane glycoprotein of the target cell. We have adapted a vaccinia virus-based mammalian cell expression system to produce variants of the CD4 molecule for structure-function studies. In this report we demonstrate that a truncated 180-amino acid fragment representing approximately the N-terminal half of the extracellular region of CD4 is found primarily in soluble form in the extracellular medium. Epitope analysis with a panel of anti-CD4 murine monoclonal antibodies indicates that the fragment reacts with those antibodies known to block the interaction between CD4 and the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein but reacts poorly or not at all with those antibodies that do not block this interaction. We also show that the fragment forms a specific complex with a soluble form of gp120, the CD4-binding subunit of the viral envelope glycoprotein. These results indicate that this soluble CD4 fragment contains an active binding site for human immunodeficiency virus.

Full text

PDF
2361

Images in this article

2359Image
on p.2359
2359Image
on p.2359
2360Image
on p.2360
2360Image
on p.2360
2360Image
on p.2360

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Birnboim H. C., Doly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1513–1523. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.6.1513. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Clark S. J., Jefferies W. A., Barclay A. N., Gagnon J., Williams A. F. Peptide and nucleotide sequences of rat CD4 (W3/25) antigen: evidence for derivation from a structure with four immunoglobulin-related domains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(6):1649–1653. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.6.1649. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Classon B. J., Tsagaratos J., McKenzie I. F., Walker I. D. Partial primary structure of the T4 antigens of mouse and sheep: assignment of intrachain disulfide bonds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(12):4499–4503. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.12.4499. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dalgleish A. G., Beverley P. C., Clapham P. R., Crawford D. H., Greaves M. F., Weiss R. A. The CD4 (T4) antigen is an essential component of the receptor for the AIDS retrovirus. Nature. 1984 Dec 20;312(5996):763–767. doi: 10.1038/312763a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Fuerst T. R., Earl P. L., Moss B. Use of a hybrid vaccinia virus-T7 RNA polymerase system for expression of target genes. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jul;7(7):2538–2544. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.7.2538. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Fuerst T. R., Niles E. G., Studier F. W., Moss B. Eukaryotic transient-expression system based on recombinant vaccinia virus that synthesizes bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8122–8126. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.21.8122. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Fuller T. C., Trevithick J. E., Fuller A. A., Colvin R. B., Cosimi A. B., Kung P. C. Antigenic polymorphism of the T4 differentiation antigen expressed on human T helper/inducer lymphocytes. Hum Immunol. 1984 Feb;9(2):89–102. doi: 10.1016/0198-8859(84)90031-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hoxie J. A., Flaherty L. E., Haggarty B. S., Rackowski J. L. Infection of T4 lymphocytes by HTLV-III does not require expression of the OKT4 epitope. J Immunol. 1986 Jan;136(2):361–363. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Klatzmann D., Champagne E., Chamaret S., Gruest J., Guetard D., Hercend T., Gluckman J. C., Montagnier L. T-lymphocyte T4 molecule behaves as the receptor for human retrovirus LAV. Nature. 1984 Dec 20;312(5996):767–768. doi: 10.1038/312767a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kowalski M., Potz J., Basiripour L., Dorfman T., Goh W. C., Terwilliger E., Dayton A., Rosen C., Haseltine W., Sodroski J. Functional regions of the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Science. 1987 Sep 11;237(4820):1351–1355. doi: 10.1126/science.3629244. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lasky L. A., Nakamura G., Smith D. H., Fennie C., Shimasaki C., Patzer E., Berman P., Gregory T., Capon D. J. Delineation of a region of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 glycoprotein critical for interaction with the CD4 receptor. Cell. 1987 Sep 11;50(6):975–985. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90524-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lifson J. D., Feinberg M. B., Reyes G. R., Rabin L., Banapour B., Chakrabarti S., Moss B., Wong-Staal F., Steimer K. S., Engleman E. G. Induction of CD4-dependent cell fusion by the HTLV-III/LAV envelope glycoprotein. Nature. 1986 Oct 23;323(6090):725–728. doi: 10.1038/323725a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Littman D. R. The structure of the CD4 and CD8 genes. Annu Rev Immunol. 1987;5:561–584. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.05.040187.003021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lundin K., Nygren A., Arthur L. O., Robey W. G., Morein B., Ramstedt U., Gidlund M., Wigzell H. A specific assay measuring binding of 125I-Gp 120 from HIV to T4+/CD4+ cells. J Immunol Methods. 1987 Feb 26;97(1):93–100. doi: 10.1016/0022-1759(87)90110-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Maddon P. J., Dalgleish A. G., McDougal J. S., Clapham P. R., Weiss R. A., Axel R. The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain. Cell. 1986 Nov 7;47(3):333–348. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90590-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Maddon P. J., Littman D. R., Godfrey M., Maddon D. E., Chess L., Axel R. The isolation and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the T cell surface protein T4: a new member of the immunoglobulin gene family. Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):93–104. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80105-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Matthews T. J., Weinhold K. J., Lyerly H. K., Langlois A. J., Wigzell H., Bolognesi D. P. Interaction between the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type IIIB envelope glycoprotein gp120 and the surface antigen CD4: role of carbohydrate in binding and cell fusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(15):5424–5428. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.15.5424. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. McDougal J. S., Kennedy M. S., Sligh J. M., Cort S. P., Mawle A., Nicholson J. K. Binding of HTLV-III/LAV to T4+ T cells by a complex of the 110K viral protein and the T4 molecule. Science. 1986 Jan 24;231(4736):382–385. doi: 10.1126/science.3001934. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. McDougal J. S., Mawle A., Cort S. P., Nicholson J. K., Cross G. D., Scheppler-Campbell J. A., Hicks D., Sligh J. Cellular tropism of the human retrovirus HTLV-III/LAV. I. Role of T cell activation and expression of the T4 antigen. J Immunol. 1985 Nov;135(5):3151–3162. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. McDougal J. S., Nicholson J. K., Cross G. D., Cort S. P., Kennedy M. S., Mawle A. C. Binding of the human retrovirus HTLV-III/LAV/ARV/HIV to the CD4 (T4) molecule: conformation dependence, epitope mapping, antibody inhibition, and potential for idiotypic mimicry. J Immunol. 1986 Nov 1;137(9):2937–2944. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Pert C. B., Hill J. M., Ruff M. R., Berman R. M., Robey W. G., Arthur L. O., Ruscetti F. W., Farrar W. L. Octapeptides deduced from the neuropeptide receptor-like pattern of antigen T4 in brain potently inhibit human immunodeficiency virus receptor binding and T-cell infectivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(23):9254–9258. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.23.9254. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Putney S. D., Matthews T. J., Robey W. G., Lynn D. L., Robert-Guroff M., Mueller W. T., Langlois A. J., Ghrayeb J., Petteway S. R., Jr, Weinhold K. J. HTLV-III/LAV-neutralizing antibodies to an E. coli-produced fragment of the virus envelope. Science. 1986 Dec 12;234(4782):1392–1395. doi: 10.1126/science.2431482. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Rao P. E., Talle M. A., Kung P. C., Goldstein G. Five epitopes of a differentiation antigen on human inducer T cells distinguished by monoclonal antibodies. Cell Immunol. 1983 Sep;80(2):310–319. doi: 10.1016/0008-8749(83)90119-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Sattentau Q. J., Dalgleish A. G., Weiss R. A., Beverley P. C. Epitopes of the CD4 antigen and HIV infection. Science. 1986 Nov 28;234(4780):1120–1123. doi: 10.1126/science.2430333. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sodroski J., Goh W. C., Rosen C., Campbell K., Haseltine W. A. Role of the HTLV-III/LAV envelope in syncytium formation and cytopathicity. 1986 Jul 31-Aug 6Nature. 322(6078):470–474. doi: 10.1038/322470a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES