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. 1988 Jun;85(11):3840–3844. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.11.3840

A liver-specific DNA-binding protein recognizes multiple nucleotide sites in regulatory regions of transthyretin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, albumin, and simian virus 40 genes.

R H Costa 1, D R Grayson 1, K G Xanthopoulos 1, J E Darnell Jr 1
PMCID: PMC280315  PMID: 2836860

Abstract

Double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides that represent protein binding sites in the regulatory regions of the mouse genes encoding transthyretin (TTR) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) bound a nuclear protein factor(s) found mainly in hepatocytes. A site in the regulatory region of the gene encoding rat serum albumin and, surprisingly, a region in the simian virus 40 enhancer also bind the same factor. Oligodeoxynucleotide affinity chromatography (with one of the TTR binding sites) allowed a 500-fold purification of the protein. The purified protein protected similar portions of all the regulatory regions, as well as the simian virus 40 core C enhancer element, from digestion with DNase I. A DNA-binding protein previously purified from liver by virtue of its ability to bind to several virus enhancer sequences also binds to TTR, alpha 1-AT, and albumin regulatory sites. Thus, all these binding sites, which contain only minimal sequence similarity, may bind to a single protein, or a similar family of proteins, that activates liver-specific transcription of coordinately expressed genes.

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