Skip to main content
Microbiological Reviews logoLink to Microbiological Reviews
. 1979 Mar;43(1):42–58. doi: 10.1128/mr.43.1.42-58.1979

Growth inhibition as a consequence of antagonism between related amino acids: effect of valine in Escherichia coli K-12.

M De Felice, M Levinthal, M Iaccarino, J Guardiola
PMCID: PMC281461  PMID: 379577

Full text

PDF
56

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ADELBERG E. A., UMBARGER H. E. Isoleucine and valine metabolism in Escherichia coli. V. alpha-Ketoisovaleric acid accumulation. J Biol Chem. 1953 Nov;205(1):475–482. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. ALFOELDI L., KEREKES E. NEUTRALIZATION OF THE AMINO ACID SENSITIVITY OF RCREL ESCHERICHIA COLI. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1964 Sep 11;91:155–157. doi: 10.1016/0926-6550(64)90179-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. ALFOELDI L., STENT G. S., HOOGS M., HILL R. PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE RNA CONTROL (RC) GENE IN E. COLI. Z Vererbungsl. 1963 Nov 21;94:285–302. doi: 10.1007/BF00894773. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Ames G. F., Lever J. Components of histidine transport: histidine-binding proteins and hisP protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Aug;66(4):1096–1103. doi: 10.1073/pnas.66.4.1096. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Anderson J. J., Oxender D. L. Escherichia coli transport mutants lacking binding protein and other components of the branched-chain amino acid transport systems. J Bacteriol. 1977 Apr;130(1):384–392. doi: 10.1128/jb.130.1.384-392.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Anderson J. J., Quay S. C., Oxender D. L. Mapping of two loci affecting the regulation of branched-chain amino acid transport in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1976 Apr;126(1):80–90. doi: 10.1128/jb.126.1.80-90.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bachmann B. J., Low K. B., Taylor A. L. Recalibrated linkage map of Escherichia coli K-12. Bacteriol Rev. 1976 Mar;40(1):116–167. doi: 10.1128/br.40.1.116-167.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Barak Z., Gilvarg C. Triornithine-resistant strains of Escherichia coli. Isolation, definition, and genetic studies. J Biol Chem. 1974 Jan 10;249(1):143–148. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Behrend J., Mateles R. I. Nitrogen metabolism in plant cell suspension cultures: I. Effect of amino acids on growth. Plant Physiol. 1975 Nov;56(5):584–589. doi: 10.1104/pp.56.5.584. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Blatt J. M., Pledger W. J., Umbarger H. E. Isoleucine and valine metabolism in Escherichia coli. XX. Multiple forms of acetohydroxy acid synthetase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1972 Jul 25;48(2):444–450. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(72)80071-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. COHEN G. N. Synthèse de protéines anormales chez Escherichia coli K 12 cultive en présence de L-valine. Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris) 1958 Jan;94(1):15–30. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Childs G. J., Freundlich M. Transcriptional control of the isoleucine-valine messenger RNA's in E. coli K-12. Mol Gen Genet. 1975 Jun 19;138(3):257–268. doi: 10.1007/BF00269352. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Childs G. J., Ohtsubo H., Ohtsubo E., Sonnenberg F., Freundlich M. Restriction endonuclease mapping of the Escherichia coli K12 chromosome in the vicinity of the ilv genes. J Mol Biol. 1977 Nov 25;117(1):175–193. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90030-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Cohen B. M., Jones E. W. New Map Location of ilvO in ESCHERICHIA COLI. Genetics. 1976 Jun;83(2):201–225. doi: 10.1093/genetics/83.2.201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Davis E. J., Blatt J. M., Henderson E. K., Whittaker J. J., Jackson J. H. Valine-sensitive acetohydroxy acid synthases in Escherichia coli K-12: unique regulation modulated by multiple genetic sites. Mol Gen Genet. 1977 Nov 18;156(3):239–249. doi: 10.1007/BF00267178. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Davis M. G., Calvo J. M. Isolation and characterization of lambda pleu bacteriophages. J Bacteriol. 1977 Feb;129(2):1078–1090. doi: 10.1128/jb.129.2.1078-1090.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Davis M. G., Calvo J. M. Relationship between messenger ribonucleic acid and enzyme levels specified by the leucine operon of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1977 Sep;131(3):997–1007. doi: 10.1128/jb.131.3.997-1007.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. De Felice M., Guardiola J., Esposito B., Iaccarino M. Structural genes for a newly recognized acetolactate synthase in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1974 Dec;120(3):1068–1077. doi: 10.1128/jb.120.3.1068-1077.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. De Felice M., Guardiola J., Lamberti A., Iaccarino M. Escherichia coli K-12 mutants altered in the transport systems for oligo- and dipeptides. J Bacteriol. 1973 Nov;116(2):751–756. doi: 10.1128/jb.116.2.751-756.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. De Felice M., Guardiola J., Malorni M. C., Klopotowski T., Iaccarino M. Regulation of the pool size of valine in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1974 Dec;120(3):1058–1067. doi: 10.1128/jb.120.3.1058-1067.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. De Felice M., Guardiola J., Schreil W., Levinthal M., Iaccarino M. Metabolic interlock between the acetolactate synthase isoenzymes and lysine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12. Mol Gen Genet. 1977 Nov 4;156(1):9–16. doi: 10.1007/BF00272246. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. De Felice M., Levinthal M. The acetohydroxy acid synthase III isoenzyme of Escherichia coli K-12: regulation of synthesis by leucine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1977 Nov 7;79(1):82–87. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)90063-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. De Felice M., Squires C., Levinthal M., Guardiola J., Lamberti A., Iaccarino M. Growth inhibition of Escherichia coli K-12 by L-valine: a consequence of a regulatory pattern. Mol Gen Genet. 1977 Nov 4;156(1):1–7. doi: 10.1007/BF00272245. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Dwyer S. B., Umbarger H. E. Isoleucine and valine metabolism of Escherichia coli. XVI. Pattern of multivalent repression in strain K-12. J Bacteriol. 1968 May;95(5):1680–1684. doi: 10.1128/jb.95.5.1680-1684.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Echols H., Court D., Green L. On the nature of cis-acting regulatory proteins and genetic organization in bacteriophage: the example of gene Q of bacteriophage lambda. Genetics. 1976 May;83(1):5–10. doi: 10.1093/genetics/83.1.5. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Favre R., Wiater A., Puppo S., Iaccarino M. Expression of a valine-resistant acetolactate synthase activity mediated by the ilv O and ilv G genes of Escherichia coli K-12. Mol Gen Genet. 1976 Feb 2;143(3):243–252. doi: 10.1007/BF00269400. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Freundlich M., Clarke L. P. Control of isoleucine, valine and leucine biosynthesis. V. Dual effect of alpha-aminobutyric acid on repression and endproduct inhibition in Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1968 Dec 23;170(2):271–281. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(68)90007-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Freundlich M. Cyclic AMP can replace the relA-dependent requirement for derepression of acetohydroxy acid synthase in E. coli K-12. Cell. 1977 Dec;12(4):1121–1126. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90174-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Furano A. V., Wittel F. P. Effect of the RelA gene on the synthesis of individual proteins in vivo. Cell. 1976 May;8(1):115–122. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90192-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Furlong C. E., Weiner J. H. Purification of a leucine-specific binding protein from Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1970 Mar 27;38(6):1076–1083. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90349-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Guardiola J., Cervone F., Lamberti A., Levinthal M., Laccarino M. Dual autogenous regulatory role of threonine deaminase in Escherichia coli K-12. Mol Gen Genet. 1978 Feb 7;159(1):27–32. doi: 10.1007/BF00401744. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Guardiola J., De Felice M., Iaccarino M. Mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 missing acetolactate synthase activity. J Bacteriol. 1974 Oct;120(1):536–538. doi: 10.1128/jb.120.1.536-538.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Guardiola J., De Felice M., Klopotowski T., Iaccarino M. Multiplicity of isoleucine, leucine, and valine transport systems in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1974 Feb;117(2):382–392. doi: 10.1128/jb.117.2.382-392.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Guardiola J., De Felice M., Klopotowski T., Iaccarino M. Mutations affecting the different transport systems for isoleucine, leucine, and valine in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1974 Feb;117(2):393–405. doi: 10.1128/jb.117.2.393-405.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Guardiola J., De Felice M., Lamberti A., Iaccarino M. The acetolactate synthase isoenzymes of Escherichia coli K-12. Mol Gen Genet. 1977 Nov 4;156(1):17–25. doi: 10.1007/BF00272247. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Guardiola J., Iaccarino M. Escherichia coli K-12 mutants altered in the transport of branched-chain amino acids. J Bacteriol. 1971 Dec;108(3):1034–1044. doi: 10.1128/jb.108.3.1034-1044.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Iaccarino M., Guardiola J., De Felice M., Favre R. Regulation of isoleucine and valine biosynthesis. Curr Top Cell Regul. 1978;14:29–73. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152814-0.50006-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. JACOB F., MONOD J. Genetic regulatory mechanisms in the synthesis of proteins. J Mol Biol. 1961 Jun;3:318–356. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(61)80072-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Kline E. L., Brown C. S., Umbarger H. E. Effect of a leu-linked mutation on the valine sensitivity of acetohydroxy acid synthase activity in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1975 Feb;121(2):491–496. doi: 10.1128/jb.121.2.491-496.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. LEAVITT R. I., UMBARGER H. E. Isoleucine and valine metabolism in Escherichia coli. X. The enzymatic formation of acetohydroxybutyrate. J Biol Chem. 1961 Sep;236:2486–2491. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. LEAVITT R. I., UMBARGER H. E. Isoleucine and valine metabolism in Escherichia coli. XI. Valine inhibition of the growth of Escherichia coli strain K-12. J Bacteriol. 1962 Mar;83:624–630. doi: 10.1128/jb.83.3.624-630.1962. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Leavitt R., Umbarger H. E. COLORIMETRIC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF GROWTH IN CUP ASSAYS. J Bacteriol. 1960 Jul;80(1):18–20. doi: 10.1128/jb.80.1.18-20.1960. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Levinthal M., Levinthal M., Williams L. S. The regulation of the ilv ADGE operon: evidence for positive control by threonine deaminase. J Mol Biol. 1976 Apr 15;102(3):453–465. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90327-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Levinthal M., Williams L. S., Umbarger H. E. Role of threonine deaminase in the regulation of isoleucine and valine biosynthesis. Nat New Biol. 1973 Nov 21;246(151):65–68. doi: 10.1038/newbio246065a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Lodish H. F. Secondary structure of bacteriophage f2 ribonucleic acid and the initiation of in vitro protein biosynthesis. J Mol Biol. 1970 Jun 28;50(3):689–702. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90093-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. MANTEN A., ROWLEY D. Genetic analysis of valine inhibition in the K12 strain of Bacterium coli. J Gen Microbiol. 1953 Oct;9(2):226–233. doi: 10.1099/00221287-9-2-226. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Miller C. G., Schwartz G. Peptidase-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1978 Aug;135(2):603–611. doi: 10.1128/jb.135.2.603-611.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Morse D. E., Morse A. N. Dual-control of the tryptophan operon is mediated by both tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and the repressor. J Mol Biol. 1976 May 15;103(2):209–226. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90310-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. NORRIS A. T., BERG P. MECHANISM OF AMINOACYL RNA SYNTHESIS: STUDIES WITH ISOLATED AMINOACYL ADENYLATE COMPLEXES OF ISOLEUCYL RNA SYNTHETASE. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1964 Aug;52:330–337. doi: 10.1073/pnas.52.2.330. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Naider F., Becker J. M. Multiplicity of oligopeptide transport systems in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1975 Jun;122(3):1208–1215. doi: 10.1128/jb.122.3.1208-1215.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Neu H. C., Heppel L. A. The release of enzymes from Escherichia coli by osmotic shock and during the formation of spheroplasts. J Biol Chem. 1965 Sep;240(9):3685–3692. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. O'Neill J. P., Freundlich M. Temperature-sensitive growth inhibition by valine in Salmonella typhimurium: alteration of one form of acetohydroxy acid synthetase. J Bacteriol. 1973 Oct;116(1):98–106. doi: 10.1128/jb.116.1.98-106.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. O'Neill J. P., Freundlich M. Two forms of biosynthetic acetohydroxy acid synthetase in Salmonella typhimurium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1972 Jul 25;48(2):437–443. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(72)80070-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. PITTARD J., LOUTIT J. S., ADELBERG E. A. GENE TRANSFER BY F' STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12. I. DELAY IN INITIATION OF CHROMOSOME TRANSFER. J Bacteriol. 1963 Jun;85:1394–1401. doi: 10.1128/jb.85.6.1394-1401.1963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Patte J. C., Boy E., Borne F. Role of the lysine-sensitive aspartokinase 3 in the regulation of DAP-decarboxylase synthesis in Escherichia coli K 12. FEBS Lett. 1974 Jul 1;43(1):67–70. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)81107-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Payne J. W. Oligopeptide transport in Escherichia coli. Specificity with respect to side chain and distinction from dipeptide transport. J Biol Chem. 1968 Jun 25;243(12):3395–3403. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Pledger W. J., Umbarger H. E. Isoleucine and valine metabolism in Escherichia coli. XXI. Mutations affecting derepression and valine resistance. J Bacteriol. 1973 Apr;114(1):183–194. doi: 10.1128/jb.114.1.183-194.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Quay S. C., Kline E. L., Oxender D. L. Role of leucyl-tRNA synthetase in regulation of branched-chain amino-acid transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):3921–3924. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.3921. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Quay S. C., Lawther R. P., Hatfield G. W., Oxender D. L. Branched-chain amino acid transport regulation in mutants blocked in tRNA maturation and transcriptional termination. J Bacteriol. 1978 May;134(2):683–686. doi: 10.1128/jb.134.2.683-686.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Quay S. C., Oxender D. L. Regulation of amino acid transport in Escherichia coli by transcription termination factor rho. J Bacteriol. 1977 Jun;130(3):1024–1029. doi: 10.1128/jb.130.3.1024-1029.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Quay S. C., Oxender D. L. Regulation of branched-chain amino acid transport in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1976 Sep;127(3):1225–1238. doi: 10.1128/jb.127.3.1225-1238.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Quay S. C., Oxender D. L., Tsuyumu S., Umbarger H. E. Separate regulation of transport and biosynthesis of leucine, isoleucine, and valine in bacteria. J Bacteriol. 1975 Jun;122(3):994–1000. doi: 10.1128/jb.122.3.994-1000.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. RADHAKRISHANAN A. N., SNELL E. E. Biosynthesis of valine and isoleucine. 2. Formation of alpha-acetolactate and alpha-aceto-alpha-hydroxybutyrate in Neurospora crassa and Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1960 Aug;235:2316–2321. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. RAMAKRISHNAN T., ADELBERG E. A. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF ISOLEUCINE AND VALINE. 3. MAP ORDER OF THE STRUCTURAL GENES AND OPERATOR GENES. J Bacteriol. 1965 Mar;89:661–664. doi: 10.1128/jb.89.3.661-664.1965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. RAMAKRISHNAN T., ADELBERG E. A. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF ISOLEUCINE AND VALINE. I. GENETIC DEREPRESSION OF ENZYME FORMATION. J Bacteriol. 1964 Mar;87:566–573. doi: 10.1128/jb.87.3.566-573.1964. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. RAMAKRISHNAN T., ADELBERG E. A. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF ISOLEUCINE AND VALINE. II. IDENTIFICATION OF TWO OPERATOR GENES. J Bacteriol. 1965 Mar;89:654–660. doi: 10.1128/jb.89.3.654-660.1965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. ROWLEY D. Inhibition of E. coli strains by amino-acids. Nature. 1953 Jan 10;171(4341):80–81. doi: 10.1038/171080a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. ROWLEY D. Interrelationships between amino-acids in the growth of coliform organisms. J Gen Microbiol. 1953 Aug;9(1):37–43. doi: 10.1099/00221287-9-1-37. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Rahmanian M., Claus D. R., Oxender D. L. Multiplicity of leucine transport systems in Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1973 Dec;116(3):1258–1266. doi: 10.1128/jb.116.3.1258-1266.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Rebello J. L., Jensen R. A. Metabolic interlock. The multi-metabolite control of prephenate dehydratase activity in Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem. 1970 Aug 10;245(15):3738–3744. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Schiavo F. L., Favre R., Kasai T., Cascino A., Guardiola J., Caro L., Iaccarino M. The phi80 lambdadilv phage and its use to detect messenger RNA related to isoleucine-valine metabolism. J Mol Biol. 1975 Dec 15;99(3):353–368. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80131-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Smith J. M., Smolin D. E., Umbarger H. E. Polarity and the regulation of the ilv gene cluster in Escherichia coli strain K-12. Mol Gen Genet. 1976 Oct 18;148(2):111–124. doi: 10.1007/BF00268374. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Somerville C. R., Ahmed A. rel-dependent methionine requirement in revertants of a methionyl-transfer RNA synthetase mutant of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1977 Mar 25;111(1):77–81. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(77)80133-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Stephens J. C., Artz S. W., Ames B. N. Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp): positive effector for histidine operon transcription and general signal for amino-acid deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Nov;72(11):4389–4393. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.11.4389. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Sussman A. J., Gilvarg C. Peptide transport and metabolism in bacteria. Annu Rev Biochem. 1971;40:397–408. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.40.070171.002145. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. TEMPLE R. J., UMBARGER H. E., MAGASANIK B. THE EFFECT OF L-VALINE ON ENZYME SYNTHESIS IN ESCHERICHIA COLI K-12. J Biol Chem. 1965 Mar;240:1219–1224. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. UMBARGER H. E., BROWN B. Isoleucine and valine metabolism in Escherichia coli. V. Antagonism between isoleucine and valine. J Bacteriol. 1955 Aug;70(2):241–248. doi: 10.1128/jb.70.2.241-248.1955. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. UMBARGER H. E., BROWN B. Isoleucine and valine metabolism in Escherichia coli. VIII. The formation of acetolactate. J Biol Chem. 1958 Nov;233(5):1156–1160. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Umbarger H. E. Threonine deaminases. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 1973;37:349–395. doi: 10.1002/9780470122822.ch6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Uzan M., Danchin A. A rapid test for the rel A mutation in E. coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1976 Apr 5;69(3):751–758. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(76)90939-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Uzan M., Danchin A. Correlation between the serine sensitivity and the derepressibility of the ilv genes in Escherichia coli relA- mutants. Mol Gen Genet. 1978 Sep 20;165(1):21–30. doi: 10.1007/BF00270372. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Vonder Haar R. A., Umbarger H. E. Isoleucine and valine metabolism in Escherichia coli K-12: detection and measurement of ilv-specific messenger ribonucleic acid. J Bacteriol. 1974 Nov;120(2):687–696. doi: 10.1128/jb.120.2.687-696.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Washburn M. R., Niven C. F., Jr Amino Acid Interrelationships in the Nutrition of Streptococcus bovis. J Bacteriol. 1948 Jun;55(6):769–776. doi: 10.1128/jb.55.6.769-776.1948. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Wasmuth J. J., Umbarger H. E. Effect of isoleucine, valine, or leucine starvation on the potential for formation of the branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic enzymes. J Bacteriol. 1973 Nov;116(2):548–561. doi: 10.1128/jb.116.2.548-561.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. Whitlow K. J., Polglase W. J. Relaxation of catabolite repression and loss of valine sensitivity in Escherichia coli K-12. FEBS Lett. 1974 Jul 1;43(1):64–66. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)81106-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. Wiginton D. A., Shive W. Control of acetohydroxy acid synthetase in Escherichia coli 9723. Biochemistry. 1978 Aug 8;17(16):3292–3297. doi: 10.1021/bi00609a018. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  87. Wood J. M. Leucine transport in Escherichia coli. The resolution of multiple transport systems and their coupling to metabolic energy. J Biol Chem. 1975 Jun 25;250(12):4477–4485. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  88. Yang H. L., Zubay G., Urm E., Heiness G., Cashel M. Effects of guanosine tetraphosphate, guanosine pentaphosphate, and beta-gamma methylenyl-guanosine pentaphosphate on gene expression of Escherichia coli in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Jan;71(1):63–67. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.1.63. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Microbiological Reviews are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES