Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1970 Dec;67(4):1761–1768. doi: 10.1073/pnas.67.4.1761

Adenosine Triphosphate: Glutamine Synthetase Adenylyltransferase of Escherichia coli: Two Active Molecular Forms

S Barbara Hennig 1,*, Wayne B Anderson 1,, Ann Ginsburg 1
PMCID: PMC283424  PMID: 4923119

Abstract

Two active forms of purified ATP:glutamine synthetase adenylyl-transferase from Escherichia coli are apparent on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8. The slower migrating component, which is identical to the PI-protein fraction of the glutamine synthetase deadenylylating enzyme system, has S20.w ≅ 5.1 S and a molecular weight of about 130,000. The more rapidly migrating adenylyltransferase component has S20.w ≅ 4.0 S and a molecular weight of about 70,000. During storage at 4°C, the larger adenylyltransferase component (PI) converts to the smaller active unit with a concomitant loss of both PI deadenylylating activity and soluble protein. It is concluded that the low-molecular weight form of the adenylyltransferase is a subunit of the deadenylylating PI-protein.

Full text

PDF
1764

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson W. B., Hennig S. B., Ginsburg A., Stadtman E. R. Association of ATP: glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase activity with the P1 component of the glutamine synthetase deadenylylation system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Nov;67(3):1417–1424. doi: 10.1073/pnas.67.3.1417. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Ebner E., Wolf D., Gancedo C., Elsässer S., Holzer H. ATP: glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase from Escherichia coli B. Purification and properties. Eur J Biochem. 1970 Jul;14(3):535–544. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1970.tb00320.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Ginsburg A., Stadtman E. R. Multienzyme systems. Annu Rev Biochem. 1970;39:429–472. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.39.070170.002241. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Ginsburg A., Yeh J., Hennig S. B., Denton M. D. Some effects of adenylylation on the biosynthetic properties of the glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. Biochemistry. 1970 Feb 3;9(3):633–649. doi: 10.1021/bi00805a025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Heinrikson R. L., Kingdon H. S. The amino acid sequence in the vicinity of the covalently bound adenylic acid in glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1970 Jan 10;245(1):138–142. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Holzer H., Mecke D., Wulff K., Liess K., Heilmeyer L., Jr Metabolite-induced enzymatic inactivation of glutamine synthetase in E. coli. Adv Enzyme Regul. 1967;5:211–225. doi: 10.1016/0065-2571(67)90017-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Holzer H. Regulation of enzymes by enzyme-catalyzed chemical modification. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 1969;32:297–326. doi: 10.1002/9780470122778.ch7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kingdon H. S., Shapiro B. M., Stadtman E. R. Regulation of glutamine synthetase. 8. ATP: glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase, an enzyme that catalyzes alterations in the regulatory properties of glutamine synthetase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967 Oct;58(4):1703–1710. doi: 10.1073/pnas.58.4.1703. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kingdon H. S., Stadtman E. R. Regulation of glutamine synthetase. X. Effect of growth conditions on the susceptibility of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase to feedback inhibition. J Bacteriol. 1967 Oct;94(4):949–957. doi: 10.1128/jb.94.4.949-957.1967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. MARTIN R. G., AMES B. N. A method for determining the sedimentation behavior of enzymes: application to protein mixtures. J Biol Chem. 1961 May;236:1372–1379. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Mantel M., Holzer H. Reversibility of the ATP:glutamine synthetase adenylyltransferase reaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Mar;65(3):660–667. doi: 10.1073/pnas.65.3.660. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Mecke D., Wulff K., Liess K., Holzer H. Characterization of a glutamine synthetase inactivating enzyme from Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1966 Aug 12;24(3):452–458. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(66)90182-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. ORNSTEIN L. DISC ELECTROPHORESIS. I. BACKGROUND AND THEORY. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1964 Dec 28;121:321–349. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb14207.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Shapiro A. L., Viñuela E., Maizel J. V., Jr Molecular weight estimation of polypeptide chains by electrophoresis in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1967 Sep 7;28(5):815–820. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(67)90391-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Shapiro B. M., Ginsburg A. Effects of specific divalent cations on some physical and chemical properties of glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. Taut and relaxed enzyme forms. Biochemistry. 1968 Jun;7(6):2153–2167. doi: 10.1021/bi00846a018. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Shapiro B. M., Kingdon H. S., Stadtman E. R. Regulation of glutamine synthetase. VII. Adenylyl glutamine synthetase: a new form of the enzyme with altered regulatory and kinetic properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1967 Aug;58(2):642–649. doi: 10.1073/pnas.58.2.642. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Shapiro B. M., Stadtman E. R. 5'-adenylyl-O-tyrosine. The novel phosphodiester residue of adenylylated glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1968 Jul 10;243(13):3769–3771. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Shapiro B. M., Stadtman E. R. Glutamine synthetase deadenylylating enzyme. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1968 Jan 11;30(1):32–37. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(68)90708-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Shapiro B. M. The glutamine synthetase deadenylylating enzyme system from Escherichia coli. Resolution into two components, specific nucleotide stimulation, and cofactor requirements. Biochemistry. 1969 Feb;8(2):659–670. doi: 10.1021/bi00830a030. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Stadtman E. R., Ginsburg A., Ciardi J. E., Yeh J., Hennig S. B., Shapiro B. M. Multiple molecular forms of glutamine synthetase produced by enzyme catalyzed adenylation and deadenylylation reactions. Adv Enzyme Regul. 1970;8:99–118. doi: 10.1016/0065-2571(70)90011-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Stadtman E. R., Shapiro B. M., Ginsburg A., Kingdon H. S., Denton M. D. Regulation of glutamine synthetase activity in Escherichia coli. Brookhaven Symp Biol. 1968 Jun;21(2):378–396. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Stadtman E. R., Shapiro B. M., Kingdon H. S., Woolfolk C. A., Hubbard J. S. Cellular regulation of glutamine synthetase activity in Escherichia coli. Adv Enzyme Regul. 1968;6:257–289. doi: 10.1016/0065-2571(68)90017-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. YPHANTIS D. A. EQUILIBRIUM ULTRACENTRIFUGATION OF DILUTE SOLUTIONS. Biochemistry. 1964 Mar;3:297–317. doi: 10.1021/bi00891a003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES