Skip to main content
PMC home page
Applied and Environmental Microbiology logoLink to Applied and Environmental Microbiology
. 1980 Jul;40(1):102–107. doi: 10.1128/aem.40.1.102-107.1980

Evaluation of Bone Strength During Aflatoxicosis and Ochratoxicosis †

William E Huff 1, John A Doerr 1, Pat B Hamilton 1, Donald D Hamann 2, Robert E Peterson 3, Alex Ciegler 3
PMCID: PMC291531  PMID: 7406489

Abstract

Young chickens were fed graded levels of aflatoxin (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/g of diet) or ochratoxin (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 μg/g of diet), and the breaking strength, displacement before failure, and diameter of their tibias were determined. Breaking strength was decreased at growth inhibitory levels of aflatoxin (2.5 μg/g) and ochratoxin (2 μg/g), whereas a reduction in diameter required higher levels (5.0 and 4.0 μg/g, respectively). Bones from birds with ochratoxicosis selected to have diameters equal to control bones had lower breaking strength. In an attempt to negate mathematically the effect of decreased diameter and bias in any selection process, stress at time of failure of the bones was calculated and found to be decreased by feeding aflatoxin but not ochratoxin. Total displacement of bones before breaking was increased significantly (P < 0.05) by both toxins at the highest levels administered, but this increase was primarily the result of an increase in displacement from the start of failure to complete failure. Increased displacement associated with both toxicoses was equal in bones selected to be of equal diameter or in bones from the same treatment but of different diameters. However, calculation of modulus of elasticity which is corrected for diameter revealed aflatoxin had no effect whereas ochratoxin tripled the effect. These data indicate that the material properties of bones can be altered during mycotoxicoses and suggest yet another way in which mycotoxins are detrimental to animal health.

Full text

PDF
106

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Doerr J. A., Huff W. E., Tung H. T., Wyatt R. D., Hamilton P. B. A survey of T-2 toxin, ochratoxin, and aflatoxin for their effects on the coagulation of blood in young broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 1974 Sep;53(5):1728–1734. doi: 10.3382/ps.0531728. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Hamilton P. B. Interrelationships of mycotoxins with nutrition. Fed Proc. 1977 May;36(6):1899–1902. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Hamilton P. B., Tung H. T., Wyatt R. D., Donaldson W. E. Interaction of dietary aflatoxin with some vitamin deficiencies. Poult Sci. 1974 May;53(3):871–877. doi: 10.3382/ps.0530871. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Huff W. E., Hamilton P. B. Decreased plasma carotenoids during ochratoxicosis. Poult Sci. 1975 Jul;54(4):1308–1310. doi: 10.3382/ps.0541308. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Huff W. E., Wyatt R. D., Hamilton P. B. Nephrotoxicity of dietary ochratoxin A in broiler chickens. Appl Microbiol. 1975 Jul;30(1):48–51. doi: 10.1128/am.30.1.48-51.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Huff W. E., Wyatt R. D., Tucker T. L., Hamilton P. B. Ochratoxicosis in the broiler chicken. Poult Sci. 1974 Jul;53(4):1585–1591. doi: 10.3382/ps.0531585. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hurwitz S., Bar A., Meshorer A. Field rickets in turkey poults: plasma and bone chemistry, bone histology, intestinal calcium-binding protein. Poult Sci. 1973 Jul;52(4):1370–1374. doi: 10.3382/ps.0521370. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Shotwell O. L., Hesseltine C. W., Stubblefield R. D., Sorenson W. G. Production of aflatoxin on rice. Appl Microbiol. 1966 May;14(3):425–428. doi: 10.1128/am.14.3.425-428.1966. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Smith J. W., Hamilton P. B. Aflatoxicosis in the broiler chicken. Poult Sci. 1970 Jan;49(1):207–215. doi: 10.3382/ps.0490207. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Steyn P. S., Merwe K. J. Detection and estimation of ochratoxin A. Nature. 1966 Jul 23;211(5047):418–418. doi: 10.1038/211418a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Thaxton J. P., Tung H. T., Hamilton P. B. Immunosuppression in chickens by aflatoxin. Poult Sci. 1974 Mar;53(2):721–725. doi: 10.3382/ps.0530721. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Trenk H. L., Butz M. E., Chu F. S. Production of ochratoxins in different cereal products by Aspergillus ochraceus. Appl Microbiol. 1971 Jun;21(6):1032–1035. doi: 10.1128/am.21.6.1032-1035.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Tung H. T., Smith J. W., Hamilton P. B. Aflatoxicosis and bruising in the chicken. Poult Sci. 1971 May;50(3):795–800. doi: 10.3382/ps.0500795. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. West S., Wyatt R. D., Hamilton P. B. Improved yield of aflatoxin by incremental increases of temperature. Appl Microbiol. 1973 Jun;25(6):1018–1019. doi: 10.1128/am.25.6.1018-1019.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied and Environmental Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES