Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1989 Jul;86(13):4813–4817. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.13.4813

Structure of simian immunodeficiency virus regulatory genes.

S Colombini 1, S K Arya 1, M S Reitz 1, L Jagodzinski 1, B Beaver 1, F Wong-Staal 1
PMCID: PMC297505  PMID: 2544874

Abstract

Three full-length cDNA clones were obtained from cells infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolated from captive macaques (SIVMAC). Nucleotide sequence analyses suggested that these represented mRNA for the SIV MAC genes tat, rev (formerly, art/trs), and nef (formerly, 3'orf). The putative tat-specific clone was active in trans-activation of the SIV MAC long terminal repeat in COS-1 and Jurkat cells. In contrast, the human immunodeficiency virus 1 long terminal repeat was significantly trans-activated only in the COS-1 cells. This suggests that trans-activation by the SIV tat gene is modulated by cell-specific factors. The structure of all of the clones suggested an mRNA splicing pattern more complex than that described for human immunodeficiency virus 1.

Full text

PDF
4814

Images in this article

4814Image
on p.4814
4814Image
on p.4814

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arya S. K., Beaver B., Jagodzinski L., Ensoli B., Kanki P. J., Albert J., Fenyo E. M., Biberfeld G., Zagury J. F., Laure F. New human and simian HIV-related retroviruses possess functional transactivator (tat) gene. Nature. 1987 Aug 6;328(6130):548–550. doi: 10.1038/328548a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Arya S. K., Guo C., Josephs S. F., Wong-Staal F. Trans-activator gene of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). Science. 1985 Jul 5;229(4708):69–73. doi: 10.1126/science.2990040. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chakrabarti L., Guyader M., Alizon M., Daniel M. D., Desrosiers R. C., Tiollais P., Sonigo P. Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from macaque and its relationship to other human and simian retroviruses. Nature. 1987 Aug 6;328(6130):543–547. doi: 10.1038/328543a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Clavel F., Guyader M., Guétard D., Sallé M., Montagnier L., Alizon M. Molecular cloning and polymorphism of the human immune deficiency virus type 2. Nature. 1986 Dec 18;324(6098):691–695. doi: 10.1038/324691a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Clavel F., Guétard D., Brun-Vézinet F., Chamaret S., Rey M. A., Santos-Ferreira M. O., Laurent A. G., Dauguet C., Katlama C., Rouzioux C. Isolation of a new human retrovirus from West African patients with AIDS. Science. 1986 Jul 18;233(4761):343–346. doi: 10.1126/science.2425430. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Daniel M. D., Letvin N. L., King N. W., Kannagi M., Sehgal P. K., Hunt R. D., Kanki P. J., Essex M., Desrosiers R. C. Isolation of T-cell tropic HTLV-III-like retrovirus from macaques. Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1201–1204. doi: 10.1126/science.3159089. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Emerman M., Guyader M., Montagnier L., Baltimore D., Muesing M. A. The specificity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 transactivator is different from that of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. EMBO J. 1987 Dec 1;6(12):3755–3760. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02710.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Franchini G., Gurgo C., Guo H. G., Gallo R. C., Collalti E., Fargnoli K. A., Hall L. F., Wong-Staal F., Reitz M. S., Jr Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus and its relationship to the human immunodeficiency viruses. Nature. 1987 Aug 6;328(6130):539–543. doi: 10.1038/328539a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Frankel A. D., Bredt D. S., Pabo C. O. Tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus forms a metal-linked dimer. Science. 1988 Apr 1;240(4848):70–73. doi: 10.1126/science.2832944. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gallo R., Wong-Staal F., Montagnier L., Haseltine W. A., Yoshida M. HIV/HTLV gene nomenclature. Nature. 1988 Jun 9;333(6173):504–504. doi: 10.1038/333504a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gluzman Y. SV40-transformed simian cells support the replication of early SV40 mutants. Cell. 1981 Jan;23(1):175–182. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90282-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Guyader M., Emerman M., Sonigo P., Clavel F., Montagnier L., Alizon M. Genome organization and transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2. Nature. 1987 Apr 16;326(6114):662–669. doi: 10.1038/326662a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hahn B. H., Kong L. I., Lee S. W., Kumar P., Taylor M. E., Arya S. K., Shaw G. M. Relation of HTLV-4 to simian and human immunodeficiency-associated viruses. Nature. 1987 Nov 12;330(6144):184–186. doi: 10.1038/330184a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hirsch V., Riedel N., Mullins J. I. The genome organization of STLV-3 is similar to that of the AIDS virus except for a truncated transmembrane protein. Cell. 1987 May 8;49(3):307–319. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90283-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kanki P. J., Barin F., M'Boup S., Allan J. S., Romet-Lemonne J. L., Marlink R., McLane M. F., Lee T. H., Arbeille B., Denis F. New human T-lymphotropic retrovirus related to simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-IIIAGM). Science. 1986 Apr 11;232(4747):238–243. doi: 10.1126/science.3006256. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kanki P. J., McLane M. F., King N. W., Jr, Letvin N. L., Hunt R. D., Sehgal P., Daniel M. D., Desrosiers R. C., Essex M. Serologic identification and characterization of a macaque T-lymphotropic retrovirus closely related to HTLV-III. Science. 1985 Jun 7;228(4704):1199–1201. doi: 10.1126/science.3873705. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Okayama H., Berg P. A cDNA cloning vector that permits expression of cDNA inserts in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Feb;3(2):280–289. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.2.280. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Parkin N. T., Cohen E. A., Darveau A., Rosen C., Haseltine W., Sonenberg N. Mutational analysis of the 5' non-coding region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: effects of secondary structure on translation. EMBO J. 1988 Sep;7(9):2831–2837. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03139.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ratner L., Haseltine W., Patarca R., Livak K. J., Starcich B., Josephs S. F., Doran E. R., Rafalski J. A., Whitehorn E. A., Baumeister K. Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III. Nature. 1985 Jan 24;313(6000):277–284. doi: 10.1038/313277a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sadaie M. R., Rappaport J., Benter T., Josephs S. F., Willis R., Wong-Staal F. Missense mutations in an infectious human immunodeficiency viral genome: functional mapping of tat and identification of the rev splice acceptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):9224–9228. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.23.9224. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Seigel L. J., Ratner L., Josephs S. F., Derse D., Feinberg M. B., Reyes G. R., O'Brien S. J., Wong-Staal F. Transactivation induced by human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV III) maps to a viral sequence encoding 58 amino acids and lacks tissue specificity. Virology. 1986 Jan 15;148(1):226–231. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90419-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES