Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1987 Aug;84(15):5325–5329. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.15.5325

Isolation and characterization of a nematode transposable element from Panagrellus redivivus.

C D Link, J Graf-Whitsel, W B Wood
PMCID: PMC298848  PMID: 3037542

Abstract

We have isolated a transposable element, designated PAT-1, from the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus. P. redivivus strain C15 was found to have a high spontaneous mutation frequency compared to the standard Caenorhabditis elegans laboratory strain N2. To characterize the genetic lesions occurring in spontaneous C15 mutants, we molecularly cloned the homolog of the C. elegans unc-22 gene from wild-type P. redivivus and two strains carrying spontaneous mutations in this gene. One of these mutations resulted from the insertion of a 4.8-kilobase segment of repetitive DNA. This repetitive element (PAT-1) varies in copy number (10-50 copies) and location in different P. redivivus strains and is absent from C. elegans. The element could be useful as a transformation vector for C. elegans. Our approach is a general one that could be used to isolate additional nematode transposons from other species.

Full text

PDF
5328

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aeby P., Spicher A., de Chastonay Y., Müller F., Tobler H. Structure and genomic organization of proretrovirus-like elements partially eliminated from the somatic genome of Ascaris lumbricoides. EMBO J. 1986 Dec 1;5(12):3353–3360. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04650.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Albertson D. G. Mapping muscle protein genes by in situ hybridization using biotin-labeled probes. EMBO J. 1985 Oct;4(10):2493–2498. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03961.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Albertson D. G., Thomson J. N. The kinetochores of Caenorhabditis elegans. Chromosoma. 1982;86(3):409–428. doi: 10.1007/BF00292267. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brennan M. D., Rowan R. G., Dickinson W. J. Introduction of a functional P element into the germ-line of Drosophila hawaiiensis. Cell. 1984 Aug;38(1):147–151. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90535-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brenner S. The genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics. 1974 May;77(1):71–94. doi: 10.1093/genetics/77.1.71. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Burke D. J., Samoiloff M. R. Studies on the X-chromosome of the nematode Panagrellus redivivus: EMS induced visible mutations. Can J Genet Cytol. 1980;22(2):295–302. doi: 10.1139/g80-035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Calos M. P., Miller J. H. Transposable elements. Cell. 1980 Jul;20(3):579–595. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90305-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Coté B., Bender W., Curtis D., Chovnick A. Molecular mapping of the rosy locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics. 1986 Apr;112(4):769–783. doi: 10.1093/genetics/112.4.769. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Cox G. N., Kramer J. M., Hirsh D. Number and organization of collagen genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Nov;4(11):2389–2395. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.11.2389. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Dente L., Cesareni G., Cortese R. pEMBL: a new family of single stranded plasmids. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Mar 25;11(6):1645–1655. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.6.1645. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Eide D., Anderson P. The gene structures of spontaneous mutations affecting a Caenorhabditis elegans myosin heavy chain gene. Genetics. 1985 Jan;109(1):67–79. doi: 10.1093/genetics/109.1.67. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Eide D., Anderson P. Transposition of Tc1 in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Mar;82(6):1756–1760. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.6.1756. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Emmons S. W., Yesner L., Ruan K. S., Katzenberg D. Evidence for a transposon in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell. 1983 Jan;32(1):55–65. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90496-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Finnegan D. J. Transposable elements in eukaryotes. Int Rev Cytol. 1985;93:281–326. doi: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61376-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Fire A. Integrative transformation of Caenorhabditis elegans. EMBO J. 1986 Oct;5(10):2673–2680. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04550.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Frischauf A. M., Lehrach H., Poustka A., Murray N. Lambda replacement vectors carrying polylinker sequences. J Mol Biol. 1983 Nov 15;170(4):827–842. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80190-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Greenwald I. lin-12, a nematode homeotic gene, is homologous to a set of mammalian proteins that includes epidermal growth factor. Cell. 1985 Dec;43(3 Pt 2):583–590. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90230-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Hechler H. C. Reproduction, Chromosome Number, and Postembryonic Development of Panagrellus redivivus (Nematoda: Cephalobidae). J Nematol. 1970 Oct;2(4):355–361. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Hickey D. A. Selfish DNA: a sexually-transmitted nuclear parasite. Genetics. 1982 Jul-Aug;101(3-4):519–531. doi: 10.1093/genetics/101.3-4.519. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kidd S., Lockett T. J., Young M. W. The Notch locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Cell. 1983 Sep;34(2):421–433. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90376-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Landel C. P., Krause M., Waterston R. H., Hirsh D. DNA rearrangements of the actin gene cluster in Caenorhabditis elegans accompany reversion of three muscle mutants. J Mol Biol. 1984 Dec 15;180(3):497–513. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(84)90024-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Liao L. W., Rosenzweig B., Hirsh D. Analysis of a transposable element in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jun;80(12):3585–3589. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.12.3585. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Moerman D. G., Baillie D. L. Genetic Organization in CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS: Fine-Structure Analysis of the unc-22 Gene. Genetics. 1979 Jan;91(1):95–103. doi: 10.1093/genetics/91.1.95. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Moerman D. G., Benian G. M., Waterston R. H. Molecular cloning of the muscle gene unc-22 in Caenorhabditis elegans by Tc1 transposon tagging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr;83(8):2579–2583. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.8.2579. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Moerman D. G., Waterston R. H. Spontaneous unstable unc-22 IV mutations in C. elegans var. Bergerac. Genetics. 1984 Dec;108(4):859–877. doi: 10.1093/genetics/108.4.859. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Rubin G. M., Spradling A. C. Genetic transformation of Drosophila with transposable element vectors. Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):348–353. doi: 10.1126/science.6289436. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Scott M. P., Weiner A. J., Hazelrigg T. I., Polisky B. A., Pirrotta V., Scalenghe F., Kaufman T. C. The molecular organization of the Antennapedia locus of Drosophila. Cell. 1983 Dec;35(3 Pt 2):763–776. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90109-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Sigurdson D. C., Herman R. K., Horton C. A., Kari C. K., Pratt S. E. An X-autosome fusion chromosome of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Gen Genet. 1986 Feb;202(2):212–218. doi: 10.1007/BF00331639. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Spradling A. C., Rubin G. M. The effect of chromosomal position on the expression of the Drosophila xanthine dehydrogenase gene. Cell. 1983 Aug;34(1):47–57. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90135-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Spradling A. C., Rubin G. M. Transposition of cloned P elements into Drosophila germ line chromosomes. Science. 1982 Oct 22;218(4570):341–347. doi: 10.1126/science.6289435. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Sternberg P. W., Horvitz H. R. Gonadal cell lineages of the nematode Panagrellus redivivus and implications for evolution by the modification of cell lineage. Dev Biol. 1981 Nov;88(1):147–166. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(81)90226-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Stinchcomb D. T., Shaw J. E., Carr S. H., Hirsh D. Extrachromosomal DNA transformation of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Dec;5(12):3484–3496. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.12.3484. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Waterston R. H., Thomson J. N., Brenner S. Mutants with altered muscle structure of Caenorhabditis elegans. Dev Biol. 1980 Jun 15;77(2):271–302. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(80)90475-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Wills N., Gesteland R. F., Karn J., Barnett L., Bolten S., Waterston R. H. The genes sup-7 X and sup-5 III of C. elegans suppress amber nonsense mutations via altered transfer RNA. Cell. 1983 Jun;33(2):575–583. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90438-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Zachar Z., Bingham P. M. Regulation of white locus expression: the structure of mutant alleles at the white locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Cell. 1982 Sep;30(2):529–541. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90250-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Zengel J. M., Epstein H. F. Identification of genetic elements associated with muscle structure in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Motil. 1980;1(1):73–97. doi: 10.1002/cm.970010107. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. de Wet J. R., Daniels D. L., Schroeder J. L., Williams B. G., Denniston-Thompson K., Moore D. D., Blattner F. R. Restriction maps for twenty-one Charon vector phages. J Virol. 1980 Jan;33(1):401–410. doi: 10.1128/jvi.33.1.401-410.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES