Skip to main content
PMC home page
The Journal of Clinical Investigation logoLink to The Journal of Clinical Investigation
. 1974 Jan;53(1):256–269. doi: 10.1172/JCI107546

The Effects in the Rat of Varying Intakes of Dietary Calcium, Phosphorus, and Hydrogen Ion on Hyperparathyroidism Due to Chronic Renal Failure

Michael Kaye 1
PMCID: PMC301461  PMID: 4808640

Abstract

Renal failure of 4 wk duration in rats led to parathyroid enlargement, increased bone resorption, and decreased tubular reabsorption of phosphate by the remnant kidney. The degree of hyperparathyroidism was influenced by each of the three dietary factors investigated. In the first study increasing calcium intake reduced the size of the parathyroids by increasing calcium and reducing phosphate absorption. In the second study phosphate intake was linearly related to parathyroid gland size in the uremic animals and associated with rising plasma phosphate levels. In the last study acidosis led directly to increased bone resorption but small parathyroid glands associated with elevated ionized calcium levels. Alkalosis lowered the serum ionized calcium and led to parathyroid enlargement and the expected associated findings. It was shown that parathyroid weight reflected both metabolic activity as judged by amino acid uptake, and the content of immunoassayable parathyroid hormone. In all studies gland weight was inversely related to serum ionized calcium.

Full text

PDF
264

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arnaud C. D., Tsao H. S., Littledike T. Radioimmunoassay of human parathyroid hormone in serum. J Clin Invest. 1971 Jan;50(1):21–34. doi: 10.1172/JCI106476. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Au W. Y., Engerman J. R., Raisz L. G. Acute effect of metal ions on uptake of alpha-aminooisobutyric acid (AIB) by rat parathyroids in vivo. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1966 May;122(1):285–290. doi: 10.3181/00379727-122-31114. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Barzel U. S., Jowsey J. The effects of chronic acid and alkali administration on bone turnover in adult rats. Clin Sci. 1969 Jun;36(3):517–524. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Baylink D., Wergedal J., Stauffer M. Formation, mineralization, and resorption of bone in hypophosphatemic rats. J Clin Invest. 1971 Dec;50(12):2519–2530. doi: 10.1172/JCI106752. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Berson S. A., Yalow R. S. Parathyroid hormone in plasma in adenomatous hyperparathyroidism, uremia, and bronchogenic carcinoma. Science. 1966 Nov 18;154(3751):907–909. doi: 10.1126/science.154.3751.907. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Boyle I. T., Miravet L., Gray R. W., Holick M. F., Deluca H. F. The response of intestinal calcium transport to 25-hydroxy and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D in nephrectomized rats. Endocrinology. 1972 Mar;90(3):605–608. doi: 10.1210/endo-90-3-605. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bricker N. S., Slatopolsky E., Reiss E., Avioli L. V. Caclium, phosphorus, and bone in renal disease and transplantation. Arch Intern Med. 1969 May;123(5):543–553. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Castleman B., Mallory T. B. Parathyroid Hyperplasia in Chronic Renal Insufficiency. Am J Pathol. 1937 Jul;13(4):553–574.7. doi: 10.1097/00005053-193712000-00011. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Clark I. Importance of dietary Ca:PO4 ratios on skeletal, Ca, Mg, and PO4 metabolism. Am J Physiol. 1969 Sep;217(3):865–870. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.3.865. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Duursma S. A., Visser W. J., Njio L. A quantitative histological study of bone in 30 patients with renal insufficiency. Calcif Tissue Res. 1972;9(3):216–225. doi: 10.1007/BF02061960. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Garner A., Ball J. Quantitative observations on mineralised and unmineralised bone in chronic renal azotaemia and intestinal malabsorption syndrome. J Pathol Bacteriol. 1966 Apr;91(2):545–561. doi: 10.1002/path.1700910231. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Jubiz W., Canterbury J. M., Reiss E., Tyler F. H. Circadian rhythm in serum parathyroid hormone concentration in human subjects: correlation with serum calcium, phosphate, albumin, and growth hormone levels. J Clin Invest. 1972 Aug;51(8):2040–2046. doi: 10.1172/JCI107010. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Katz A. I., Hampers C. L., Merrill J. P. Secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy in chronic renal failure. Analysis of 195 patients, with observations on the effects of chronic dialysis, kidney transplantation and subtotal parathyroidectomy. Medicine (Baltimore) 1969 Sep;48(5):333–374. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Kaye M., Chatterjee G., Cohen G. F. Arrest of hyperparathyroid bone disease with dihydrotachysterol in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. Ann Intern Med. 1970 Aug;73(2):225–233. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-73-2-225. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kaye M., Just G., Wilson M. Comparison of dihydrotachysterol and calciferol. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1971 Oct;49(10):857–861. doi: 10.1139/y71-119. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kaye M. The effect of a diphosphonate on uremic hyperparathyroidism. Nephron. 1973;10(2):188–194. doi: 10.1159/000180186. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Litzow J. R., Lemann J., Jr, Lennon E. J. The effect of treatment of acidosis on calcium balance in patients with chronic azotemic renal disease. J Clin Invest. 1967 Feb;46(2):280–286. doi: 10.1172/JCI105530. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Milhaud G., Perault-Staub A. M., Staub J. F. Diurnal variation of plasma calcium and calcitonin function in the rat. J Physiol. 1972 May;222(3):559–567. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1972.sp009814. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Moore E. W. Ionized calcium in normal serum, ultrafiltrates, and whole blood determined by ion-exchange electrodes. J Clin Invest. 1970 Feb;49(2):318–334. doi: 10.1172/JCI106241. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Nars P. W., Stahl M., Dambacher M., Baumann J., Girard J. On the use of peptidase inhibitor (Trasylol) for storage of I 125 -labelled peptide hormones (HGH, TSH, ACTH, insulin, glucagon, PTH). Experientia. 1972 Feb 15;28(2):213–214. doi: 10.1007/BF01935767. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Raisz L. G., O'Brien J. E., Au W. Y. Parathyroid size and uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in intact and hypophysectomized rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1965 Aug-Sep;119(4):1048–1053. doi: 10.3181/00379727-119-30373. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. SCHURCH A. F., LLOYD L. E., CRAMPTON E. W. The use of chromic oxide as an index for determining the digestibility of a diet. J Nutr. 1950 Aug 10;41(4):629–636. doi: 10.1093/jn/41.4.629. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Schwartz H. D., McConville B. C., Christopherson E. F. Serum ionized calcium by specific ion electrode. Clin Chim Acta. 1971 Jan;31(1):97–107. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(71)90366-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Shankel S. W., Robson A. M., Bricker N. S. On the mechanism of the splay in the glucose titration curve in advanced experimental renal disease in the rat. J Clin Invest. 1967 Feb;46(2):164–172. doi: 10.1172/JCI105519. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Slatopolsky E., Caglar S., Gradowska L., Canterbury J., Reiss E., Bricker N. S. On the prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism in experimental chronic renal disease using "proportional reduction" of dietary phosphorus intake. Kidney Int. 1972 Sep;2(3):147–151. doi: 10.1038/ki.1972.84. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Slatopolsky E., Caglar S., Pennell J. P., Taggart D. D., Canterbury J. M., Reiss E., Bricker N. S. On the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism in chronic experimental renal insufficiency in the dog. J Clin Invest. 1971 Mar;50(3):492–499. doi: 10.1172/JCI106517. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Stanbury S. W. Bone disease in uremia. Am J Med. 1968 May;44(5):714–724. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(68)90253-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Wong R. G., Norman A. W., Reddy C. R., Coburn J. W. Biologic effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (a highly active vitamin D metabolite) in acutely uremic rats. J Clin Invest. 1972 May;51(5):1287–1291. doi: 10.1172/JCI106923. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Investigation are provided here courtesy of American Society for Clinical Investigation

RESOURCES