Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1987 Apr;84(8):2312–2316. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.8.2312

Association of p60src with Triton X-100-resistant cellular structure correlates with morphological transformation.

M Hamaguchi, H Hanafusa
PMCID: PMC304640  PMID: 3031677

Abstract

More than 70% of wild-type Rous sarcoma virus p60v-src was found to be associated with a cellular structure resistant to nonionic detergent extraction that consists primarily of cytoskeletal proteins. On the other hand, nontransforming src proteins, including cellular p60c-src, nonmyristoylated forms, and those inactive in protein kinase, were found in the fraction solubilized by the detergent extraction. p60c-src was detergent-soluble even in transformed cells, suggesting that the association of p60v-src is not a result of cell transformation. Analyses with a variety of Rous sarcoma virus mutants showed a good correlation between the degree of association with the detergent-resistant structure and the extent of cell transformation caused by mutant src proteins, suggesting that this association may be significant for the process of cell transformation by Rous sarcoma virus.

Full text

PDF
2315

Images in this article

2313Image
on p.2313
2313Image
on p.2313
2315Image
on p.2315
2315Image
on p.2315

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Beemon K., Ryden T., McNelly E. A. Transformation by avian sarcoma viruses leads to phosphorylation of multiple cellular proteins on tyrosine residues. J Virol. 1982 May;42(2):742–747. doi: 10.1128/jvi.42.2.742-747.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Ben-Ze'ev A., Duerr A., Solomon F., Penman S. The outer boundary of the cytoskeleton: a lamina derived from plasma membrane proteins. Cell. 1979 Aug;17(4):859–865. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90326-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brown S., Levinson W., Spudich J. A. Cytoskeletal elements of chick embryo fibroblasts revealed by detergent extraction. J Supramol Struct. 1976;5(2):119–130. doi: 10.1002/jss.400050203. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bryant D. L., Parsons J. T. Amino acid alterations within a highly conserved region of the Rous sarcoma virus src gene product pp60src inactivate tyrosine protein kinase activity. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 May;4(5):862–866. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.5.862. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Burr J. G., Dreyfuss G., Penman S., Buchanan J. M. Association of the src gene product of Rous sarcoma virus with cytoskeletal structures of chicken embryo fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3484–3488. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3484. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cervera M., Dreyfuss G., Penman S. Messenger RNA is translated when associated with the cytoskeletal framework in normal and VSV-infected HeLa cells. Cell. 1981 Jan;23(1):113–120. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90276-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cooper J. A., Hunter T. Changes in protein phosphorylation in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryo cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1981 Feb;1(2):165–178. doi: 10.1128/mcb.1.2.165. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cooper J. A., Reiss N. A., Schwartz R. J., Hunter T. Three glycolytic enzymes are phosphorylated at tyrosine in cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus. Nature. 1983 Mar 17;302(5905):218–223. doi: 10.1038/302218a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Coussens P. M., Cooper J. A., Hunter T., Shalloway D. Restriction of the in vitro and in vivo tyrosine protein kinase activities of pp60c-src relative to pp60v-src. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2753–2763. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2753. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Cross F. R., Garber E. A., Hanafusa H. N-terminal deletions in Rous sarcoma virus p60src: effects on tyrosine kinase and biological activities and on recombination in tissue culture with the cellular src gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2789–2795. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Cross F. R., Garber E. A., Pellman D., Hanafusa H. A short sequence in the p60src N terminus is required for p60src myristylation and membrane association and for cell transformation. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Sep;4(9):1834–1842. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.9.1834. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Decker S. Purification of denatured epidermal growth factor-receptor from A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1984 Feb 1;228(2):621–626. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(84)90031-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Dutta A., Wang L. H., Hanafusa T., Hanafusa H. Partial nucleotide sequence of Rous sarcoma virus-29 provides evidence that the original Rous sarcoma virus was replication defective. J Virol. 1985 Sep;55(3):728–735. doi: 10.1128/jvi.55.3.728-735.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Feldman R. A., Wang E., Hanafusa H. Cytoplasmic localization of the transforming protein of Fujinami sarcoma virus: salt-sensitive association with subcellular components. J Virol. 1983 Feb;45(2):782–791. doi: 10.1128/jvi.45.2.782-791.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Feldman R. A., Wang L. H., Hanafusa H., Balduzzi P. C. Avian sarcoma virus UR2 encodes a transforming protein which is associated with a unique protein kinase activity. J Virol. 1982 Apr;42(1):228–236. doi: 10.1128/jvi.42.1.228-236.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Garber E. A., Cross F. R., Hanafusa H. Processing of p60v-src to its myristylated membrane-bound form. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2781–2788. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2781. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Garber E. A., Hanafusa T., Hanafusa H. Membrane association of the transforming protein of avian sarcoma virus UR2 and mutants temperature sensitive for cellular transformation and protein kinase activity. J Virol. 1985 Dec;56(3):790–797. doi: 10.1128/jvi.56.3.790-797.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Garber E. A., Krueger J. G., Hanafusa H., Goldberg A. R. Only membrane-associated RSV src proteins have amino-terminally bound lipid. Nature. 1983 Mar 10;302(5904):161–163. doi: 10.1038/302161a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Garber E. A., Krueger J. G., Hanafusa H., Goldberg A. R. Temperature-sensitive membrane association of pp60src in tsNY68-infected cells correlates with increased tyrosine phosphorylation of membrane-associated proteins. Virology. 1983 Apr 15;126(1):73–86. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90462-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Gilmer T. M., Erikson R. L. Development of anti-pp60src serum with antigen produced in Escherichia coli. J Virol. 1983 Jan;45(1):462–465. doi: 10.1128/jvi.45.1.462-465.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Hamaguchi M., Nishikawa K., Toyoda T., Yoshida T., Hanaichi T., Nagai Y. Transcriptive complex of Newcastle disease virus. II. Structural and functional assembly associated with the cytoskeletal framework. Virology. 1985 Dec;147(2):295–308. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90132-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Hanafusa H. Rapid transformation of cells by Rous sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Jun;63(2):318–325. doi: 10.1073/pnas.63.2.318. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Hayman M. J., Ramsay G. M., Savin K., Kitchener G., Graf T., Beug H. Identification and characterization of the avian erythroblastosis virus erbB gene product as a membrane glycoprotein. Cell. 1983 Feb;32(2):579–588. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90477-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Heuser J. E., Kirschner M. W. Filament organization revealed in platinum replicas of freeze-dried cytoskeletons. J Cell Biol. 1980 Jul;86(1):212–234. doi: 10.1083/jcb.86.1.212. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Hynes R. O. Alteration of cell-surface proteins by viral transformation and by proteolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Nov;70(11):3170–3174. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.11.3170. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Iba H., Cross F. R., Garber E. A., Hanafusa H. Low level of cellular protein phosphorylation by nontransforming overproduced p60c-src. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 May;5(5):1058–1066. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.5.1058. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Iba H., Jove R., Hanafusa H. Lack of induction of neuroretinal cell proliferation by Rous sarcoma virus variants that carry the c-src gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Oct;5(10):2856–2859. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.10.2856. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Iba H., Takeya T., Cross F. R., Hanafusa T., Hanafusa H. Rous sarcoma virus variants that carry the cellular src gene instead of the viral src gene cannot transform chicken embryo fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(14):4424–4428. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.14.4424. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Kamps M. P., Buss J. E., Sefton B. M. Mutation of NH2-terminal glycine of p60src prevents both myristoylation and morphological transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jul;82(14):4625–4628. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.14.4625. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Kamps M. P., Buss J. E., Sefton B. M. Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein lacking myristic acid phosphorylates known polypeptide substrates without inducing transformation. Cell. 1986 Apr 11;45(1):105–112. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90542-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Kato J. Y., Takeya T., Grandori C., Iba H., Levy J. B., Hanafusa H. Amino acid substitutions sufficient to convert the nontransforming p60c-src protein to a transforming protein. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4155–4160. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.12.4155. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Kawai S., Hanafusa H. The effects of reciprocal changes in temperature on the transformed state of cells infected with a rous sarcoma virus mutant. Virology. 1971 Nov;46(2):470–479. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(71)90047-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Kawai S. Transformation of rat cells by fusion-infection with Rous sarcoma virus. J Virol. 1980 Jun;34(3):772–776. doi: 10.1128/jvi.34.3.772-776.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Kawai S., Yoshida M., Segawa K., Sugiyama H., Ishizaki R., Toyoshima K. Characterization of Y73, an avian sarcoma virus: a unique transforming gene and its product, a phosphopolyprotein with protein kinase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Oct;77(10):6199–6203. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.10.6199. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Kornbluth S., Cross F. R., Harbison M., Hanafusa H. Transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts and tumor induction by the middle T antigen of polyomavirus carried in an avian retroviral vector. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 May;6(5):1545–1551. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.5.1545. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Krueger J. G., Garber E. A., Chin S. S., Hanafusa H., Goldberg A. R. Size-variant pp60src proteins of recovered avian sarcoma viruses interact with adhesion plaques as peripheral membrane proteins: effects on cell transformation. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Mar;4(3):454–467. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.3.454. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Krueger J. G., Garber E. A., Goldberg A. R., Hanafusa H. Changes in amino-terminal sequences of pp60src lead to decreased membrane association and decreased in vivo tumorigenicity. Cell. 1982 Apr;28(4):889–896. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90068-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Lenk R., Ransom L., Kaufmann Y., Penman S. A cytoskeletal structure with associated polyribosomes obtained from HeLa cells. Cell. 1977 Jan;10(1):67–78. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90141-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Levy J. B., Iba H., Hanafusa H. Activation of the transforming potential of p60c-src by a single amino acid change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(12):4228–4232. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.12.4228. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Lipsich L. A., Lewis A. J., Brugge J. S. Isolation of monoclonal antibodies that recognize the transforming proteins of avian sarcoma viruses. J Virol. 1983 Nov;48(2):352–360. doi: 10.1128/jvi.48.2.352-360.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Manger R., Rasheed S., Rohrschneider L. Localization of the feline sarcoma virus fgr gene product (P70gag-actin-fgr): association with the plasma membrane and detergent-insoluble matrix. J Virol. 1986 Jul;59(1):66–72. doi: 10.1128/jvi.59.1.66-72.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Martinez R., Nakamura K. D., Weber M. J. Identification of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins in untransformed and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Jun;2(6):653–665. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.6.653. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Osborn M., Weber K. The detertent-resistant cytoskeleton of tissue culture cells includes the nucleus and the microfilament bundles. Exp Cell Res. 1977 May;106(2):339–349. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(77)90179-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Parker R. C., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M. Expression of v-src and chicken c-src in rat cells demonstrates qualitative differences between pp60v-src and pp60c-src. Cell. 1984 May;37(1):131–139. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90308-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Pellman D., Garber E. A., Cross F. R., Hanafusa H. Fine structural mapping of a critical NH2-terminal region of p60src. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Mar;82(6):1623–1627. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.6.1623. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Radke K., Martin G. S. Transformation by Rous sarcoma virus: effects of src gene expression on the synthesis and phosphorylation of cellular polypeptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Oct;76(10):5212–5216. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.10.5212. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Shalloway D., Coussens P. M., Yaciuk P. Overexpression of the c-src protein does not induce transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):7071–7075. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.22.7071. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Weaver R. A., Boyle W. Purification of plasma membranes of rat liver. Application of zonal centrifugation to isolation of cell membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1969 Apr;173(3):377–388. doi: 10.1016/0005-2736(69)90003-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES