Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1993 Aug 25;21(17):4133–4141. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.17.4133

Mutational analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae general regulatory factor CP1.

D C Masison 1, K F O'Connell 1, R E Baker 1
PMCID: PMC310021  PMID: 8371988

Abstract

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae general regulatory factor CP1, a helix-loop-helix protein that binds the centromere DNA element I (CDEI) of yeast centromeres, is required in yeast for optimal centromere function and for methionine prototrophy. Mutant alleles of CEP1, the gene encoding CP1, were generated by linker insertion, 5'- and 3'-deletion, and random mutagenesis and assayed for DNA binding activity and their ability to confer CP1 function when expressed in yeast. A heterologous CDEI-binding protein, TFEB, was also tested for CP1 function. The results suggested that DNA binding is required for both biological functions of CP1 but is not sufficient. A direct and quantitative correlation was observed between the chromosome loss and nutritional (i.e., Met) phenotypes of strains carrying loss of function alleles, but qualitatively the chromosome loss phenotype was more sensitive to decreased CP1 expression. The data are consistent with a model in which CP1 performs the same general chromatin-related function at centromeres and MET gene promoters and is normally present in functional excess.

Full text

PDF
4133

Images in this article

4137Image
on p.4137
4137Image
on p.4137
4138Image
on p.4138
4139Image
on p.4139

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baker R. E., Fitzgerald-Hayes M., O'Brien T. C. Purification of the yeast centromere binding protein CP1 and a mutational analysis of its binding site. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jun 25;264(18):10843–10850. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baker R. E., Gabrielsen O., Hall B. D. Effects of tRNATyr point mutations on the binding of yeast RNA polymerase III transcription factor C. J Biol Chem. 1986 Apr 25;261(12):5275–5282. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Baker R. E., Masison D. C. Isolation of the gene encoding the Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromere-binding protein CP1. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jun;10(6):2458–2467. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.6.2458. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bradford M. M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248–254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bram R. J., Kornberg R. D. Isolation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromere DNA-binding protein, its human homolog, and its possible role as a transcription factor. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Jan;7(1):403–409. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.1.403. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Buchman A. R., Kimmerly W. J., Rine J., Kornberg R. D. Two DNA-binding factors recognize specific sequences at silencers, upstream activating sequences, autonomously replicating sequences, and telomeres in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Jan;8(1):210–225. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.1.210. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Buchman A. R., Kornberg R. D. A yeast ARS-binding protein activates transcription synergistically in combination with other weak activating factors. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Mar;10(3):887–897. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.3.887. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cai M., Davis R. W. Yeast centromere binding protein CBF1, of the helix-loop-helix protein family, is required for chromosome stability and methionine prototrophy. Cell. 1990 May 4;61(3):437–446. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90525-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Carr C. S., Sharp P. A. A helix-loop-helix protein related to the immunoglobulin E box-binding proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Aug;10(8):4384–4388. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.8.4384. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Chasman D. I., Lue N. F., Buchman A. R., LaPointe J. W., Lorch Y., Kornberg R. D. A yeast protein that influences the chromatin structure of UASG and functions as a powerful auxiliary gene activator. Genes Dev. 1990 Apr;4(4):503–514. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.4.503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Dang C. V., Dolde C., Gillison M. L., Kato G. J. Discrimination between related DNA sites by a single amino acid residue of Myc-related basic-helix-loop-helix proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jan 15;89(2):599–602. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.2.599. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Devlin C., Tice-Baldwin K., Shore D., Arndt K. T. RAP1 is required for BAS1/BAS2- and GCN4-dependent transcription of the yeast HIS4 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Jul;11(7):3642–3651. doi: 10.1128/mcb.11.7.3642. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Dowell S. J., Tsang J. S., Mellor J. The centromere and promoter factor 1 of yeast contains a dimerisation domain located carboxy-terminal to the bHLH domain. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Aug 25;20(16):4229–4236. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.16.4229. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Fedor M. J., Lue N. F., Kornberg R. D. Statistical positioning of nucleosomes by specific protein-binding to an upstream activating sequence in yeast. J Mol Biol. 1988 Nov 5;204(1):109–127. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(88)90603-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Fisher F., Goding C. R. Single amino acid substitutions alter helix-loop-helix protein specificity for bases flanking the core CANNTG motif. EMBO J. 1992 Nov;11(11):4103–4109. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05503.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Gaudet A., Fitzgerald-Hayes M. Mutations in CEN3 cause aberrant chromosome segregation during meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 1989 Mar;121(3):477–489. doi: 10.1093/genetics/121.3.477. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hill J. E., Myers A. M., Koerner T. J., Tzagoloff A. Yeast/E. coli shuttle vectors with multiple unique restriction sites. Yeast. 1986 Sep;2(3):163–167. doi: 10.1002/yea.320020304. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hyman A. A., Middleton K., Centola M., Mitchison T. J., Carbon J. Microtubule-motor activity of a yeast centromere-binding protein complex. Nature. 1992 Oct 8;359(6395):533–536. doi: 10.1038/359533a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Jones N. Transcriptional regulation by dimerization: two sides to an incestuous relationship. Cell. 1990 Apr 6;61(1):9–11. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90207-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Ju Q. D., Morrow B. E., Warner J. R. REB1, a yeast DNA-binding protein with many targets, is essential for growth and bears some resemblance to the oncogene myb. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Oct;10(10):5226–5234. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.10.5226. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Koshland D., Hieter P. Visual assay for chromosome ploidy. Methods Enzymol. 1987;155:351–372. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)55024-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Kranz J. E., Holm C. Cloning by function: an alternative approach for identifying yeast homologs of genes from other organisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep;87(17):6629–6633. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.17.6629. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Lechner J., Carbon J. A 240 kd multisubunit protein complex, CBF3, is a major component of the budding yeast centromere. Cell. 1991 Feb 22;64(4):717–725. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90501-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Masison D. C., Baker R. E. Meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants lacking the centromere-binding protein CP1. Genetics. 1992 May;131(1):43–53. doi: 10.1093/genetics/131.1.43. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Matsudaira P. Sequence from picomole quantities of proteins electroblotted onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. J Biol Chem. 1987 Jul 25;262(21):10035–10038. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Mellor J., Jiang W., Funk M., Rathjen J., Barnes C. A., Hinz T., Hegemann J. H., Philippsen P. CPF1, a yeast protein which functions in centromeres and promoters. EMBO J. 1990 Dec;9(12):4017–4026. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07623.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Mellor J., Rathjen J., Jiang W., Barnes C. A., Dowell S. J. DNA binding of CPF1 is required for optimal centromere function but not for maintaining methionine prototrophy in yeast. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Jun 11;19(11):2961–2969. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.11.2961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. O'Connell K. F., Baker R. E. Possible cross-regulation of phosphate and sulfate metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 1992 Sep;132(1):63–73. doi: 10.1093/genetics/132.1.63. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Schatz P. J., Solomon F., Botstein D. Isolation and characterization of conditional-lethal mutations in the TUB1 alpha-tubulin gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 1988 Nov;120(3):681–695. doi: 10.1093/genetics/120.3.681. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Schiestl R. H., Gietz R. D. High efficiency transformation of intact yeast cells using single stranded nucleic acids as a carrier. Curr Genet. 1989 Dec;16(5-6):339–346. doi: 10.1007/BF00340712. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Van Antwerp M. E., Chen D. G., Chang C., Prochownik E. V. A point mutation in the MyoD basic domain imparts c-Myc-like properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Oct 1;89(19):9010–9014. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.19.9010. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Vogel K., Hinnen A. The yeast phosphatase system. Mol Microbiol. 1990 Dec;4(12):2013–2017. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00560.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Yoshida K., Ogawa N., Oshima Y. Function of the PHO regulatory genes for repressible acid phosphatase synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Gen Genet. 1989 May;217(1):40–46. doi: 10.1007/BF00330940. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES