Skip to main content
PMC home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1992 Jan 25;20(2):351–357. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.2.351

A conserved region in the sea urchin U1 snRNA promoter interacts with a developmentally regulated factor.

K A Stevenson 1, J C Yu 1, W F Marzluff 1
PMCID: PMC310377  PMID: 1741261

Abstract

The expression of the sea urchin L. variegatus U1 snRNA gene is temporally regulated during embryogenesis. Using a microinjection assay we show that a region between 203 and 345 nts 5' of the gene is required for expression. There are four conserved regions between two sea urchin species in the 345 nts 5' to the U1 gene. One region, located at about -300, binds a protein factor which is present in blastula but not gastrula nuclei. Three other potential protein binding sites within the first 200 nts 5' to the gene have been identified using a mobility shift assay and/or DNase I footprinting. Two of these regions bind factors which are not developmentally regulated and one binds a factor which is developmentally regulated. It is likely that the factor which binds at -300 is involved in expression and developmental regulation of the sea urchin U1 snRNA gene.

Full text

PDF
356

Images in this article

353Image
on p.353
354Image
on p.354
354Image
on p.354
355Image
on p.355
355Image
on p.355
355Image
on p.355

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Brown D. T., Morris G. F., Chodchoy N., Sprecher C., Marzluff W. F. Structure of the sea urchin U1 RNA repeat. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Jan 25;13(2):537–556. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.2.537. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Colin A. M., Catlin T. L., Kidson S. H., Maxson R. Closely linked early and late histone H2B genes are differentially expressed after microinjection into sea urchin zygotes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jan;85(2):507–510. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.2.507. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. DiLiberto M., Lai Z. C., Fei H., Childs G. Developmental control of promoter-specific factors responsible for the embryonic activation and inactivation of the sea urchin early histone H3 gene. Genes Dev. 1989 Jul;3(7):973–985. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.7.973. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Forbes D. J., Kirschner M. W., Caput D., Dahlberg J. E., Lund E. Differential expression of multiple U1 small nuclear RNAs in oocytes and embryos of Xenopus laevis. Cell. 1984 Oct;38(3):681–689. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90263-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Lai Z. C., DeAngelo D. J., DiLiberto M., Childs G. An embryonic enhancer determines the temporal activation of a sea urchin late H1 gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Jun;9(6):2315–2321. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.6.2315. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Lo P. C., Mount S. M. Drosophila melanogaster genes for U1 snRNA variants and their expression during development. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Dec 11;18(23):6971–6979. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.23.6971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Lobo S. M., Marzluff W. F., Seufert A. C., Dean W. L., Schultz G. A., Simerly C., Schatten G. Localization and expression of U1 RNA in early mouse embryo development. Dev Biol. 1988 Jun;127(2):349–361. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(88)90321-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Lund E., Dahlberg J. E. Differential accumulation of U1 and U4 small nuclear RNAs during Xenopus development. Genes Dev. 1987 Mar;1(1):39–46. doi: 10.1101/gad.1.1.39. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Lund E., Kahan B., Dahlberg J. E. Differential control of U1 small nuclear RNA expression during mouse development. Science. 1985 Sep 20;229(4719):1271–1274. doi: 10.1126/science.2412294. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. McMahon A. P., Flytzanis C. N., Hough-Evans B. R., Katula K. S., Britten R. J., Davidson E. H. Introduction of cloned DNA into sea urchin egg cytoplasm: replication and persistence during embryogenesis. Dev Biol. 1985 Apr;108(2):420–430. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(85)90045-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Morris G. F., Marzluff W. F. Synthesis of U1 RNA in isolated nuclei from sea urchin embryos: U1 RNA is initiated at the first nucleotide of the RNA. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 May;5(5):1143–1150. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.5.1143. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Morris G. F., Price D. H., Marzluff W. F. Synthesis of U1 RNA in a DNA-dependent system from sea urchin embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(11):3674–3678. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.11.3674. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Nash M. A., Kozak S. E., Angerer L. M., Angerer R. C., Schatten H., Schatten G., Marzluff W. F. Sea urchin maternal and embryonic U1 RNAs are spatially segregated in early embryos. J Cell Biol. 1987 May;104(5):1133–1142. doi: 10.1083/jcb.104.5.1133. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Nash M. A., Sakallah S., Santiago C., Yu J. C., Marzluff W. F. A developmental switch in sea urchin U1 RNA. Dev Biol. 1989 Aug;134(2):289–296. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(89)90101-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Nijhawan P., Marzluff W. F. Metabolism of low molecular weight ribonucleic acids in early sea urchin embryos. Biochemistry. 1979 Apr 3;18(7):1353–1360. doi: 10.1021/bi00574a035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Santiago C., Marzluff W. F. Expression of the U1 RNA gene repeat during early sea urchin development: evidence for a switch in U1 RNA genes during development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Apr;86(8):2572–2576. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.8.2572. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Stefanovic B., Li J. M., Sakallah S., Marzluff W. F. Isolation and characterization of developmentally regulated sea urchin U2 snRNA genes. Dev Biol. 1991 Nov;148(1):284–294. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(91)90337-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Strub K., Birnstiel M. L. Genetic complementation in the Xenopus oocyte: co-expression of sea urchin histone and U7 RNAs restores 3' processing of H3 pre-mRNA in the oocyte. EMBO J. 1986 Jul;5(7):1675–1682. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04411.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Tanaka M., Grossniklaus U., Herr W., Hernandez N. Activation of the U2 snRNA promoter by the octamer motif defines a new class of RNA polymerase II enhancer elements. Genes Dev. 1988 Dec;2(12B):1764–1778. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.12b.1764. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Tung L., Lee I. J., Rice H. L., Weinberg E. S. Positive and negative transcriptional regulatory elements in the early H4 histone gene of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Dec 25;18(24):7339–7348. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.24.7339. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Wu C. Activating protein factor binds in vitro to upstream control sequences in heat shock gene chromatin. Nature. 1984 Sep 6;311(5981):81–84. doi: 10.1038/311081a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Yu J. C., Nash M. A., Santiago C., Marzluff W. F. Structure and expression of a second sea urchin U1 RNA gene repeat. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Dec 22;14(24):9977–9988. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.24.9977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Yu J. C., Wendelburg B., Sakallah S., Marzluff W. F. The U1 snRNA gene repeat from the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus): the 70 kilobase tandem repeat ends directly 3' to a U1 gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Mar 11;19(5):1093–1098. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.5.1093. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Zhao A. Z., Colin A. M., Bell J., Baker M., Char B. R., Maxson R. Activation of a late H2B histone gene in blastula-stage sea urchin embryos by an unusual enhancer element located 3' of the gene. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Dec;10(12):6730–6741. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.12.6730. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES