Skip to main content
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1986 Oct 24;14(20):8091–8101. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.20.8091

The adjacent dnaZ and dnaX genes of Escherichia coli are contained within one continuous open reading frame.

A M Flower, C S McHenry
PMCID: PMC311836  PMID: 3534795

Abstract

The dnaZ and dnaX loci of Escherichia coli have been genetically defined as separate genes, both of which are essential for DNA replication (1). The 2.1 kb region of DNA that complements mutations in both genes has a maximum coding capacity of approximately 80,000 daltons. Two protein products are produced from this region with molecular weights of 77,000 and 52,000 (2,3). We have sequenced a 2.7 kb fragment containing the dnaZ and dnaX genes and determined that it contains only one open reading frame of sufficient length to encode either of these proteins. This open reading frame may encode a protein of 71,147 daltons or of 68,451 daltons depending on which potential translational initiation codon is utilized. There are two transcriptional promoters preceding the gene as well as a ribosome binding site preceding the two potential initiation codons. Both the promoters and ribosome binding sites are predicted to be weak, perhaps contributing to the low expression of these genes.

Full text

PDF
8095

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ackerson J. W., Gralla J. D. In vivo expression of lac promoter variants with altered -10, -35, and spacer sequences. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1983;47(Pt 1):473–476. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1983.047.01.056. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Atlung T., Clausen E. S., Hansen F. G. Autoregulation of the dnaA gene of Escherichia coli K12. Mol Gen Genet. 1985;200(3):442–450. doi: 10.1007/BF00425729. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Braun R. E., O'Day K., Wright A. Autoregulation of the DNA replication gene dnaA in E. coli K-12. Cell. 1985 Jan;40(1):159–169. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90319-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Burgers P. M., Kornberg A., Sakakibara Y. The dnaN gene codes for the beta subunit of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Sep;78(9):5391–5395. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.9.5391. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dunn J. J., Studier F. W. Complete nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage T7 DNA and the locations of T7 genetic elements. J Mol Biol. 1983 Jun 5;166(4):477–535. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80282-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Echols H., Lu C., Burgers P. M. Mutator strains of Escherichia coli, mutD and dnaQ, with defective exonucleolytic editing by DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Apr;80(8):2189–2192. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.8.2189. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Engstrom J., Wong A., Maurer R. Interaction of DNA polymerase III gamma and beta subunits in vivo in Salmonella typhimurium. Genetics. 1986 Jul;113(3):499–515. doi: 10.1093/genetics/113.3.499. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Filip C. C., Allen J. S., Gustafson R. A., Allen R. G., Walker J. R. Bacterial cell division regulation: characterization of the dnaH locus of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1974 Aug;119(2):443–449. doi: 10.1128/jb.119.2.443-449.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fuller R. S., Funnell B. E., Kornberg A. The dnaA protein complex with the E. coli chromosomal replication origin (oriC) and other DNA sites. Cell. 1984 Oct;38(3):889–900. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90284-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gefter M. L., Hirota Y., Kornberg T., Wechsler J. A., Barnoux C. Analysis of DNA polymerases II and 3 in mutants of Escherichia coli thermosensitive for DNA synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Dec;68(12):3150–3153. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.12.3150. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Henson J. M., Chu H., Irwin C. A., Walker J. R. Isolation and characterization of dnaX and dnaY temperature-sensitive mutants of Escherichia coli. Genetics. 1979 Aug;92(4):1041–1059. doi: 10.1093/genetics/92.4.1041. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Horiuchi T., Maki H., Maruyama M., Sekiguchi M. Identification of the dnaQ gene product and location of the structural gene for RNase H of Escherichia coli by cloning of the genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jun;78(6):3770–3774. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.6.3770. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hübscher U., Kornberg A. The delta subunit of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is the dnaX gene product. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Dec;76(12):6284–6288. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.12.6284. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hübscher U., Kornberg A. The dnaZ protein, the gamma subunit of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1980 Dec 25;255(24):11698–11703. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kodaira M., Biswas S. B., Kornberg A. The dnaX gene encodes the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme tau subunit, precursor of the gamma subunit, the dnaZ gene product. Mol Gen Genet. 1983;192(1-2):80–86. doi: 10.1007/BF00327650. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. McHenry C. S. DNA polymerase III holoenzyme of Escherichia coli: components and function of a true replicative complex. Mol Cell Biochem. 1985 Feb;66(1):71–85. doi: 10.1007/BF00231826. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Mullin D. A., Woldringh C. L., Henson J. M., Walker J. R. Cloning of the Escherichia coli dnaZX region and identification of its products. Mol Gen Genet. 1983;192(1-2):73–79. doi: 10.1007/BF00327649. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Norrander J., Kempe T., Messing J. Construction of improved M13 vectors using oligodeoxynucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Gene. 1983 Dec;26(1):101–106. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90040-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rowen L., Kobori J. A., Scherer S. Cloning of bacterial DNA replication genes in bacteriophage lambda. Mol Gen Genet. 1982;187(3):501–509. doi: 10.1007/BF00332635. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sako T., Sakakibara Y. Coordinate expression of Escherichia coli dnaA and dnaN genes. Mol Gen Genet. 1980;179(3):521–526. doi: 10.1007/BF00271741. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Salser W. Globin mRNA sequences: analysis of base pairing and evolutionary implications. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1978;42(Pt 2):985–1002. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1978.042.01.099. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Stormo G. D., Schneider T. D., Gold L. M. Characterization of translational initiation sites in E. coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 May 11;10(9):2971–2996. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.9.2971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Tinoco I., Jr, Borer P. N., Dengler B., Levin M. D., Uhlenbeck O. C., Crothers D. M., Bralla J. Improved estimation of secondary structure in ribonucleic acids. Nat New Biol. 1973 Nov 14;246(150):40–41. doi: 10.1038/newbio246040a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Wickner S., Hurwitz J. Involvement of escherichia coli dnaZ gene product in DNA elongation in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Apr;73(4):1053–1057. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.4.1053. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES