Skip to main content
PMC home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1986 Nov 11;14(21):8489–8499. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.21.8489

Chromogenic identification of oligonucleotide-directed mutants.

C F Wright, D H Hamer, K McKenney
PMCID: PMC311872  PMID: 3537959

Abstract

We describe a simple plaque color assay for identifying oligonucleotide-directed mutations in cloned DNA fragments. The basis of the method is to: fuse the sequence of interest in-frame to the E.coli lacZ gene to produce a blue plaque phage, mutate the site of interest to a stop codon to generate a white plaque phage, and revert the stop codon and surrounding nucleotides to give a blue plaque phage containing one or more desired amino acid changes. The advantages of this cyclic method are that it produces truncated as well as amino acid substituted protein molecules, it can be repeated to introduce additional mutations, and it eliminates the need for labor intensive screening. Essentially any piece of DNA can be mutated using this method if the fragment has one open reading frame. If there is an open reading frame between the site and the lacZ gene, ATG codons can be inserted at the target site. We have used this method to produce termination and amino acid substitution mutants in the yeast CUP1 gene.

Full text

PDF
8490

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Biggin M. D., Gibson T. J., Hong G. F. Buffer gradient gels and 35S label as an aid to rapid DNA sequence determination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jul;80(13):3963–3965. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.13.3963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Carter P., Bedouelle H., Winter G. Improved oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis using M13 vectors. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Jun 25;13(12):4431–4443. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.12.4431. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Casadaban M. J., Cohen S. N. Analysis of gene control signals by DNA fusion and cloning in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1980 Apr;138(2):179–207. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90283-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Charnay P., Perricaudet M., Galibert F., Tiollais P. Bacteriophage lambda and plasmid vectors, allowing fusion of cloned genes in each of the three translational phases. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Dec;5(12):4479–4494. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.12.4479. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Hicks J. B., Hinnen A., Fink G. R. Properties of yeast transformation. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1979;43(Pt 2):1305–1313. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1979.043.01.149. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Karin M., Najarian R., Haslinger A., Valenzuela P., Welch J., Fogel S. Primary structure and transcription of an amplified genetic locus: the CUP1 locus of yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(2):337–341. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.2.337. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Kramer W., Drutsa V., Jansen H. W., Kramer B., Pflugfelder M., Fritz H. J. The gapped duplex DNA approach to oligonucleotide-directed mutation construction. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Dec 21;12(24):9441–9456. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.24.9441. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kramer W., Schughart K., Fritz H. J. Directed mutagenesis of DNA cloned in filamentous phage: influence of hemimethylated GATC sites on marker recovery from restriction fragments. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Oct 25;10(20):6475–6485. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.20.6475. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kudo I., Leineweber M., RajBhandary U. L. Site-specific mutagenesis on cloned DNAs: generation of a mutant of Escherichia coli tyrosine suppressor tRNA in which the sequence G-T-T-C corresponding to the universal G-T-pseudouracil-C sequence of tRNAs is changed to G-A-T-C. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Aug;78(8):4753–4757. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.8.4753. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kunkel T. A. Rapid and efficient site-specific mutagenesis without phenotypic selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(2):488–492. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.2.488. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Messing J. New M13 vectors for cloning. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:20–78. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)01005-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Sanger F., Coulson A. R., Barrell B. G., Smith A. J., Roe B. A. Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid DNA sequencing. J Mol Biol. 1980 Oct 25;143(2):161–178. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90196-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Thiele D. J., Walling M. J., Hamer D. H. Mammalian metallothionein is functional in yeast. Science. 1986 Feb 21;231(4740):854–856. doi: 10.1126/science.3080806. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Winge D. R., Nielson K. B., Gray W. R., Hamer D. H. Yeast metallothionein. Sequence and metal-binding properties. J Biol Chem. 1985 Nov 25;260(27):14464–14470. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Winter G., Fersht A. R., Wilkinson A. J., Zoller M., Smith M. Redesigning enzyme structure by site-directed mutagenesis: tyrosyl tRNA synthetase and ATP binding. Nature. 1982 Oct 21;299(5885):756–758. doi: 10.1038/299756a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES