Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1986 May;83(9):2787–2791. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.9.2787

Antiviral effect of an oligo(nucleoside methylphosphonate) complementary to the splice junction of herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early pre-mRNAs 4 and 5.

C C Smith, L Aurelian, M P Reddy, P S Miller, P O Ts'o
PMCID: PMC323391  PMID: 3010316

Abstract

Selective inhibition of regulatory immediate early (IE) genes of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) should inhibit virus growth. Treatment of HSV-1-infected cells with the oligo(nucleoside methylphosphonate) d(TpCCTCCTG) (deoxynucleoside methylphosphonate residues in italic), which is complementary to the acceptor splice junction of HSV-1 IE pre-mRNA 4 and 5, before (1-24 hr) or at the time of infection caused a dose-dependent inhibition in virus replication. Virus titers were decreased 50% and 90% in cells treated with 25 microM and 75 microM oligomer, respectively; at 300 microM, a 99% reduction in virus production was observed. Viral DNA synthesis was reduced 70-75% and there was a 90% reduction in synthesis of viral proteins, including other IE species and viral functional (130-kDa major DNA-binding) and structural (glycoprotein gB) proteins. In the same concentration range, d(TpCCTCCTG) caused a minimal reduction (0-30%) in protein synthesis and growth rates (less than 40%) of uninfected cells. The data suggest that oligo(nucleoside methylphosphonate)s may be effective in antiviral chemotherapy.

Full text

PDF
2788

Images in this article

2789Image
on p.2789

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ackermann M., Braun D. K., Pereira L., Roizman B. Characterization of herpes simplex virus 1 alpha proteins 0, 4, and 27 with monoclonal antibodies. J Virol. 1984 Oct;52(1):108–118. doi: 10.1128/jvi.52.1.108-118.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Aurelian L. Replication of canine herpesvirus: I. Synthesis of viral deoxyribonucleic Acid. J Virol. 1969 Sep;4(3):197–202. doi: 10.1128/jvi.4.3.197-202.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Aurelian L., Smith C. C., Klacsman K. T., Gupta P. K., Frost J. K. Expression and cellular compartmentalization of a herpes simplex virus type 2 protein (ICP 10) in productively infected and cervical tumor cells. Cancer Invest. 1983;1(4):301–313. doi: 10.3109/07357908309063293. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Balachandran N., Bacchetti S., Rawls W. E. Protection against lethal challenge of BALB/c mice by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies to five glycoproteins of herpes simplex virus type 2. Infect Immun. 1982 Sep;37(3):1132–1137. doi: 10.1128/iai.37.3.1132-1137.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Blake K. R., Murakami A., Miller P. S. Inhibition of rabbit globin mRNA translation by sequence-specific oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Biochemistry. 1985 Oct 22;24(22):6132–6138. doi: 10.1021/bi00343a015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Blake K. R., Murakami A., Spitz S. A., Glave S. A., Reddy M. P., Ts'o P. O., Miller P. S. Hybridization arrest of globin synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and cells by oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates. Biochemistry. 1985 Oct 22;24(22):6139–6145. doi: 10.1021/bi00343a016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dixon R. A., Schaffer P. A. Fine-structure mapping and functional analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants in the gene encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early protein VP175. J Virol. 1980 Oct;36(1):189–203. doi: 10.1128/jvi.36.1.189-203.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Ejercito P. M., Kieff E. D., Roizman B. Characterization of herpes simplex virus strains differing in their effects on social behaviour of infected cells. J Gen Virol. 1968 May;2(3):357–364. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-2-3-357. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fenwick M., Morse L. S., Roizman B. Anatomy of herpes simplex virus DNA. XI. Apparent clustering of functions effecting rapid inhibition of host DNA and protein synthesis. J Virol. 1979 Feb;29(2):825–827. doi: 10.1128/jvi.29.2.825-827.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Honess R. W., Roizman B. Proteins specified by herpes simplex virus. XI. Identification and relative molar rates of synthesis of structural and nonstructural herpes virus polypeptides in the infected cell. J Virol. 1973 Dec;12(6):1347–1365. doi: 10.1128/jvi.12.6.1347-1365.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Honess R. W., Roizman B. Regulation of herpesvirus macromolecular synthesis: sequential transition of polypeptide synthesis requires functional viral polypeptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Apr;72(4):1276–1280. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.4.1276. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Jacquemont B., Verrier B., Epstein A. L., Machuca I. Expression of immediate-early genes in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected XC cells: lack of ICP22 (68K) polypeptide. J Gen Virol. 1984 Aug;65(Pt 8):1331–1340. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-65-8-1331. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Jayaraman K., McParland K., Miller P., Ts'o P. O. Selective inhibition of Escherichia coli protein synthesis and growth by nonionic oligonucleotides complementary to the 3' end of 16S rRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Mar;78(3):1537–1541. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.3.1537. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Jayaraman K., McParland K., Miller P., Ts'o P. O. Selective inhibition of Escherichia coli protein synthesis and growth by nonionic oligonucleotides complementary to the 3' end of 16S rRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Mar;78(3):1537–1541. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.3.1537. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kieff E. D., Bachenheimer S. L., Roizman B. Size, composition, and structure of the deoxyribonucleic acid of herpes simplex virus subtypes 1 and 2. J Virol. 1971 Aug;8(2):125–132. doi: 10.1128/jvi.8.2.125-132.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Klessig D. F., Chow L. T. Incomplete splicing and deficient accumulation of the fiber messenger RNA in monkey cells infected by human adenovirus type 2. J Mol Biol. 1980 May 15;139(2):221–242. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90306-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Miller P. S., Agris C. H., Murakami A., Reddy P. M., Spitz S. A., Ts'o P. O. Preparation of oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates on a polystyrene support. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Sep 24;11(18):6225–6242. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.18.6225. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Miller P. S., McParland K. B., Jayaraman K., Ts'o P. O. Biochemical and biological effects of nonionic nucleic acid methylphosphonates. Biochemistry. 1981 Mar 31;20(7):1874–1880. doi: 10.1021/bi00510a024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Miller P. S., McParland K. B., Jayaraman K., Ts'o P. O. Biochemical and biological effects of nonionic nucleic acid methylphosphonates. Biochemistry. 1981 Mar 31;20(7):1874–1880. doi: 10.1021/bi00510a024. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Miller P. S., Yano J., Yano E., Carroll C., Jayaraman K., Ts'o P. O. Nonionic nucleic acid analogues. Synthesis and characterization of dideoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 13;18(23):5134–5143. doi: 10.1021/bi00590a017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Murakami A., Blake K. R., Miller P. S. Characterization of sequence-specific oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates and their interaction with rabbit globin mRNA. Biochemistry. 1985 Jul 16;24(15):4041–4046. doi: 10.1021/bi00336a036. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Pereira L., Dondero D., Roizman B. Herpes simplex virus glycoprotein gA/B: evidence that the infected Vero cell products comap and arise by proteolysis. J Virol. 1982 Oct;44(1):88–97. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.1.88-97.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Pereira L., Wolff M. H., Fenwick M., Roizman B. Regulation of herpesvirus macromolecular synthesis. V. Properties of alpha polypeptides made in HSV-1 and HSV-2 infected cells. Virology. 1977 Apr;77(2):733–749. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90495-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Post L. E., Roizman B. A generalized technique for deletion of specific genes in large genomes: alpha gene 22 of herpes simplex virus 1 is not essential for growth. Cell. 1981 Jul;25(1):227–232. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90247-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Powell K. L., Littler E., Purifoy D. J. Nonstructural proteins of herpes simplex virus. II. Major virus-specific DNa-binding protein. J Virol. 1981 Sep;39(3):894–902. doi: 10.1128/jvi.39.3.894-902.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Sears A. E., Halliburton I. W., Meignier B., Silver S., Roizman B. Herpes simplex virus 1 mutant deleted in the alpha 22 gene: growth and gene expression in permissive and restrictive cells and establishment of latency in mice. J Virol. 1985 Aug;55(2):338–346. doi: 10.1128/jvi.55.2.338-346.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Segal S., Levine A. J., Khoury G. Evidence for non-spliced SV40 RNA in undifferentiated murine teratocarcinoma stem cells. Nature. 1979 Jul 26;280(5720):335–338. doi: 10.1038/280335a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Stephenson M. L., Zamecnik P. C. Inhibition of Rous sarcoma viral RNA translation by a specific oligodeoxyribonucleotide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jan;75(1):285–288. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.1.285. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Watson R. J., Sullivan M., Vande Woude G. F. Structures of two spliced herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early mRNA's which map at the junctions of the unique and reiterated regions of the virus DNA S component. J Virol. 1981 Jan;37(1):431–444. doi: 10.1128/jvi.37.1.431-444.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Watson R. J., Vande Woude G. F. DNA sequence of an immediate-early gene (IEmRNA-5) of herpes simplex virus type I. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Feb 11;10(3):979–991. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.3.979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Whitton J. L., Clements J. B. The junctions between the repetitive and the short unique sequences of the herpes simplex virus genome are determined by the polypeptide-coding regions of two spliced immediate-early mRNAs. J Gen Virol. 1984 Mar;65(Pt 3):451–466. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-65-3-451. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Zamecnik P. C., Stephenson M. L. Inhibition of Rous sarcoma virus replication and cell transformation by a specific oligodeoxynucleotide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jan;75(1):280–284. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.1.280. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES