Skip to main content
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1982 Feb 11;10(3):1029–1038. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.3.1029

The sequence of the nucleoprotein gene of human influenza A virus, strain A/NT/60/68.

J A Huddleston, G G Brownlee
PMCID: PMC326218  PMID: 6278431

Abstract

The nucleotide sequence of the nucleoprotein gene of influenza A/NT/60/68 was established after using improved cloning methods to obtain full length cDNA clones in pBr322. The gene is 1565 residues long and codes for a basic protein of 498 amino acids. There are only 30 amino acid differences between it and the homologous sequence in A/PR/8/35, all occurring as point mutations. Assuming a common lineage, the evolutionary rate of divergence of the two strains is 0.18% amino acid per year. This confirms there is a slow but significant rate of evolution.

Full text

PDF
1030

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Barry R. D., Mahy B. W. The influenza virus genome and its replication. Br Med Bull. 1979 Jan;35(1):39–46. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071540. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Birnboim H. C., Doly J. A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Nov 24;7(6):1513–1523. doi: 10.1093/nar/7.6.1513. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Dimmock N. J., Carver A. S., Webster R. G. Categorization of nucleoproteins and matrix proteins from type A influenza viruses by peptide mapping. Virology. 1980 Jun;103(2):350–356. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90193-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Duckworth M. L., Gait M. J., Goelet P., Hong G. F., Singh M., Titmas R. C. Rapid synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides VI. Efficient, mechanised synthesis of heptadecadeoxyribonucleotides by an improved solid phase phosphotriester route. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Apr 10;9(7):1691–1706. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.7.1691. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Grunstein M., Hogness D. S. Colony hybridization: a method for the isolation of cloned DNAs that contain a specific gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):3961–3965. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.3961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Lamb R. A., Lai C. J., Choppin P. W. Sequences of mRNAs derived from genome RNA segment 7 of influenza virus: colinear and interrupted mRNAs code for overlapping proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Jul;78(7):4170–4174. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.7.4170. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Lamb R. A., Lai C. J. Sequence of interrupted and uninterrupted mRNAs and cloned DNA coding for the two overlapping nonstructural proteins of influenza virus. Cell. 1980 Sep;21(2):475–485. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90484-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Messing J., Crea R., Seeburg P. H. A system for shotgun DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jan 24;9(2):309–321. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.2.309. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Privalsky M. L., Penhoet E. E. Phosphorylated protein component present in influenza virions. J Virol. 1977 Oct;24(1):401–405. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.1.401-405.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Rees P. J., Dimmock N. J. Electrophoretic separation of influenza virus ribonucleoproteins. J Gen Virol. 1981 Mar;53(Pt 1):125–132. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-53-1-125. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Schild G. C., Oxford J. S., Newman R. W. Evidence for antigenic variation in influenza A nucleoprotein. Virology. 1979 Mar;93(2):569–573. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90259-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Scholtissek C. The genome of the influenza virus. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1978;80:139–169. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-66956-9_5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Skehel J. J., Hay A. J. Nucleotide sequences at the 5' termini of influenza virus RNAs and their transcripts. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Apr;5(4):1207–1219. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.4.1207. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Sleigh M. J., Both G. W., Brownlee G. G. A new method for the size estimation of the RNA genome segments of influenza virus. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Apr;6(4):1309–1321. doi: 10.1093/nar/6.4.1309. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Staden R. A new computer method for the storage and manipulation of DNA gel reading data. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 Aug 25;8(16):3673–3694. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.16.3673. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Van Rompuy L., Min Jou W., Huylebroeck D., Devos R., Fiers W. Complete nucleotide sequence of the nucleoprotein gene from the human influenza strain A/PR/8/34 (HON1). Eur J Biochem. 1981 May 15;116(2):347–353. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1981.tb05341.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Winter G., Fields S., Brownlee G. G. Nucleotide sequence of the haemagglutinin gene of a human influenza virus H1 subtype. Nature. 1981 Jul 2;292(5818):72–75. doi: 10.1038/292072a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Winter G., Fields S. Cloning of influenza cDNA ino M13: the sequence of the RNA segment encoding the A/PR/8/34 matrix protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1980 May 10;8(9):1965–1974. doi: 10.1093/nar/8.9.1965. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Winter G., Fields S., Gait M. J., Brownlee G. G. The use of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide primers in cloning and sequencing segment of 8 influenza virus (A/PR/8/34). Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jan 24;9(2):237–245. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.2.237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Winter G., Fields S. The structure of the gene encoding the nucleoprotein of human influenza virus A/PR/8/34. Virology. 1981 Oct 30;114(2):423–428. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90223-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Zhirnov O. P., Bukrinskaya A. G. Two forms of influenza virus nucleoprotein in infected cells and virions. Virology. 1981 Feb;109(1):174–179. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90482-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. van Wyke K. L., Hinshaw V. S., Bean W. J., Jr, Webster R. G. Antigenic variation of influenza A virus nucleoprotein detected with monoclonal antibodies. J Virol. 1980 Jul;35(1):24–30. doi: 10.1128/jvi.35.1.24-30.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES