Abstract
A variety of 5'-3H-methyl-labeled, oxidized viral mRNAs were used as probes for detecting in wheat germ initiation complexes proteins that interact with, and can be cross-linked to, the 5'-cap structure. A limited and reproducible set of specific proteins was obtained with the different mRNAs. The binding of these proteins to the 5'-end of mRNA apparently results in protection against nucleotide pyrophosphatase digestion of the cap even in initiation complexes in which the 5'-end is susceptible to pancreatic RNase digestion. Cross-linked proteins from mammalian initiation complexes comigrated with several of the subunits of similarly treated eIF-3. A model for cap binding protein interaction with mRNA cap during initiation of translation is suggested.
Full text
PDF![15](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/6e4ec16d920d/nar00454-0022.png)
![16](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/9483f0bbca42/nar00454-0023.png)
![17](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/f5bece45d0e0/nar00454-0024.png)
![18](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/194b9e975661/nar00454-0025.png)
![19](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/d481522b5a0e/nar00454-0026.png)
![20](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/6a0363daeb1b/nar00454-0027.png)
![21](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/2ddbb3b977f7/nar00454-0028.png)
![22](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/52606452f15f/nar00454-0029.png)
![23](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/e4a1c5094d71/nar00454-0030.png)
![24](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/d6b28bc3d89f/nar00454-0031.png)
![25](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/f1cf4c5d4d19/nar00454-0032.png)
![26](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/1482633cc51f/nar00454-0033.png)
![27](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/4777dd80fd43/nar00454-0034.png)
![28](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/06fbb391c5a4/nar00454-0035.png)
![29](https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/de7a/327993/4be50e67016b/nar00454-0036.png)
Images in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Benne R., Hershey J. W. The mechanism of action of protein synthesis initiation factors from rabbit reticulocytes. J Biol Chem. 1978 May 10;253(9):3078–3087. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Boone R. F., Moss B. Sequence complexity and relative abundance of vaccinia virus mRNA's synthesized in vivo and in vitro. J Virol. 1978 Jun;26(3):554–569. doi: 10.1128/jvi.26.3.554-569.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Both G. W., Furuichi Y., Muthukrishnan S., Shatkin A. J. Effect of 5'-terminal structure and base composition on polyribonucleotide binding to ribosomes. J Mol Biol. 1976 Jul 5;104(3):637–658. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90126-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Colonno R. J., Stone H. O. Methylation of messenger RNA of Newcastle disease virus in vitro by a virion-associated enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jul;72(7):2611–2615. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.7.2611. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Crystal R. G., Elson N. A., Anderson W. F. Initiation of globin synthesis: assays. Methods Enzymol. 1974;30:101–127. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(74)30014-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ensinger M. J., Martin S. A., Paoletti E., Moss B. Modification of the 5'-terminus of mRNA by soluble guanylyl and methyl transferases from vaccinia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jul;72(7):2525–2529. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.7.2525. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Freienstein C., Blobel G. Nonribosomal proteins associated with eukaryotic native small ribosomal subunits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Sep;72(9):3392–3396. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.9.3392. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fresno M., Vázquez D. Initiation of translation with native 40-S ribosomal subunits. Eur J Biochem. 1978 Feb 1;83(1):169–178. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12081.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Furuichi Y., LaFiandra A., Shatkin A. J. 5'-Terminal structure and mRNA stability. Nature. 1977 Mar 17;266(5599):235–239. doi: 10.1038/266235a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Furuichi Y., Morgan M., Muthukrishnan S., Shatkin A. J. Reovirus messenger RNA contains a methylated, blocked 5'-terminal structure: m-7G(5')ppp(5')G-MpCp-. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jan;72(1):362–366. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.1.362. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Howard G. A., Traugh J. A., Croser E. A., Traut R. R. Ribosomal proteins from rabbit reticulocytes: number and molecular weights of proteins from ribosomal subunits. J Mol Biol. 1975 Apr 15;93(3):391–404. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90285-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kaempfer R., Rosen H., Israeli R. Translational control: recognition of the methylated 5' end and an internal sequence in eukaryotic mRNA by the initiation factor that binds methionyl-tRNAfMet. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Feb;75(2):650–654. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.2.650. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kozak M. Nucleotide sequences of 5'-terminal ribosome-protected initiation regions from two reovirus messages. Nature. 1977 Sep 29;269(5627):391–394. doi: 10.1038/269390a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kozak M., Shatkin A. J. Characterization of ribosome-protected fragments from reovirus messenger RNA. J Biol Chem. 1976 Jul 25;251(14):4259–4266. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kozak M., Shatkin A. J. Identification of features in 5' terminal fragments from reovirus mRNA which are important for ribosome binding. Cell. 1978 Jan;13(1):201–212. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90150-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kozak M., Shatkin A. J. Sequences and properties of two ribosome binding sites from the small size class of reovirus messenger RNA. J Biol Chem. 1977 Oct 10;252(19):6895–6908. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kozak M., Shatkin A. J. Sequences of two 5'-terminal ribosome-protected fragments from reovirus messenger RNAs. J Mol Biol. 1977 May 5;112(1):75–96. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(77)80157-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Moss B. Utilization of the guanylyltransferase and methyltransferases of vaccinia virus to modify and identify the 5'-terminals of heterologous RNA species. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1977 Jan 24;74(2):374–383. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)90314-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Muthukrishnan S., Morgan M., Banerjee A. K., Shatkin A. J. Influence of 5'-terminal m7G and 2'--O-methylated residues on messenger ribonucleic acid binding to ribosomes. Biochemistry. 1976 Dec 28;15(26):5761–5768. doi: 10.1021/bi00671a012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Muthukrishnan S., Moss B., Cooper J. A., Maxwell E. S. Influence of 5'-terminal cap structure on the initiation of translation of vaccinia virus mRNA. J Biol Chem. 1978 Mar 10;253(5):1710–1715. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Peterson D. T., Merrick W. C., Safer B. Binding and release of radiolabeled eukaryotic initiation factors 2 and 3 during 80 S initiation complex formation. J Biol Chem. 1979 Apr 10;254(7):2509–2516. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Richards K., Guilley H., Jonard G., Keith G. Leader sequence of 71 nucleotides devoid of G in tobacco mosaic virus RNA. Nature. 1977 Jun 9;267(5611):548–550. doi: 10.1038/267548a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schreier M. H., Staehelin T. Initiation of mammalian protein synthesis: the importance of ribosome and initiation factor quality for the efficiency of in vitro systems. J Mol Biol. 1973 Feb 19;73(3):329–349. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90346-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shafritz D. A., Weinstein J. A., Safer B., Merrick W. C., Weber L. A., Hickey E. D., Baglioni C. Evidence for role of m7G5'-phosphate group in recognition of eukaryotic mRNA by initiation factor IF-M3. Nature. 1976 May 27;261(5558):291–294. doi: 10.1038/261291a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shatkin A. J., Both G. W. Reovirus mRNA: transcription and translation. Cell. 1976 Mar;7(3):305–313. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90159-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shatkin A. J. Capping of eucaryotic mRNAs. Cell. 1976 Dec;9(4 Pt 2):645–653. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90128-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shinshi H., Miwa M., Sugimura T. Enzyme cleaving the 5'-terminal methylated blocked structure of messenger RNA. FEBS Lett. 1976 Jun 1;65(2):254–257. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80492-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith K. E., Henshaw E. C. Binding of Met-tRNAf to native 40 S ribosomal subunits in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. J Biol Chem. 1975 Sep 10;250(17):6880–6884. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sonenberg N., Morgan M. A., Merrick W. C., Shatkin A. J. A polypeptide in eukaryotic initiation factors that crosslinks specifically to the 5'-terminal cap in mRNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Oct;75(10):4843–4847. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.10.4843. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sonenberg N., Shatkin A. J. Nonspecific effect of m7GMP on protein-RNA interactions. J Biol Chem. 1978 Oct 10;253(19):6630–6632. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sonenberg N., Shatkin A. J. Reovirus mRNA can be covalently crosslinked via the 5' cap to proteins in initiation complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4288–4292. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.10.4288. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sonenberg N., Shatkin A. J., Ricciardi R. P., Rubin M., Goodman R. M. Analysis of terminal structures of RNA from potato virus X. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Jul;5(7):2501–2512. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.7.2501. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Testa D., Banerjee A. K. Two methyltransferase activities in the purified virions of vesicular stomatitis virus. J Virol. 1977 Dec;24(3):786–793. doi: 10.1128/jvi.24.3.786-793.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Thompson H. A., Sadnik I., Scheinbuks J., Moldave K. Studies on native ribosomal subunits from rat liver. Purification and characterization of a ribosome dissociation factor. Biochemistry. 1977 May 17;16(10):2221–2230. doi: 10.1021/bi00629a028. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Trachsel H., Erni B., Schreier M. H., Braun L., Staehelin T. Purification of seven protein synthesis initiation factors from Krebs II ascites cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1979 Feb 27;561(2):484–490. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(79)90156-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Trachsel H., Erni B., Schreier M. H., Staehelin T. Initiation of mammalian protein synthesis. II. The assembly of the initiation complex with purified initiation factors. J Mol Biol. 1977 Nov;116(4):755–767. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90269-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]