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. 1991 Nov 25;19(22):6107–6112. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.22.6107

Identification of transcriptional suppressor proteins that bind to the negative regulatory element of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

K Yamamoto 1, S Mori 1, T Okamoto 1, K Shimotohno 1, Y Kyogoku 1
PMCID: PMC329097  PMID: 1956769

Abstract

Two different proteins which independently bound to neighboring sequences within the negative regulatory element (NRE) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were detected in the nuclear extract of a virus-infected human T cell line. One of the factors bound to a novel dyad symmetrical sequence. This sequence is well conserved in various HIV-1 isolates and partial homology was found with the promoter region of the human retinoblastoma gene. Similar DNA binding activity was detected in a variety of virus-uninfected human T cell lines and HeLa cells by means of a gel mobility shift assay. The other factor bound to a putative AP-1 recognition sequence predicted for the HIV-1 NRE. However, this factor did not bind to a typical AP-1 site. The insertion of multiple copies of the binding site for the former or latter factor into a heterologous promoter reduced the promoter activity to one-tenth or one-third, respectively. Thus, each factor may function as a novel negative regulator of transcription.

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