Skip to main content
PMC home page
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1990 Oct 25;18(20):6061–6068. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.20.6061

DNA sequences required for yeast actin gene transcription do not include conserved CCAAT motifs.

J M Munholland 1, J K Kelly 1, A G Wildeman 1
PMCID: PMC332406  PMID: 2235489

Abstract

Sequences required for Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin gene transcription were mapped and compared to the regulatory region of the actin gene from a thermophilic fungus, Thermomyces lanuginosus. Two CCAAT motifs conserved in position in these two species could be mutated without affecting promoter activity, regardless of whether the yeast were grown in fermentable or non-fermentable carbon sources. Two TATA-like sequences and an upstream activation sequence (UAS) composed of multiple elements were identified. The contribution of sequence motifs within these elements to UAS activity varied depending on the carbon source. The Thermomyces gene contains sequences highly homologous to this UAS, but in the opposite orientation.

Full text

PDF
6063

Images in this article

6062Image
on p.6062
6064Image
on p.6064
6065Image
on p.6065

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Buratowski S., Hahn S., Sharp P. A., Guarente L. Function of a yeast TATA element-binding protein in a mammalian transcription system. Nature. 1988 Jul 7;334(6177):37–42. doi: 10.1038/334037a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Cavallini B., Huet J., Plassat J. L., Sentenac A., Egly J. M., Chambon P. A yeast activity can substitute for the HeLa cell TATA box factor. Nature. 1988 Jul 7;334(6177):77–80. doi: 10.1038/334077a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chambers A., Stanway C., Kingsman A. J., Kingsman S. M. The UAS of the yeast PGK gene is composed of multiple functional elements. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Sep 12;16(17):8245–8260. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.17.8245. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chasman D. I., Lue N. F., Buchman A. R., LaPointe J. W., Lorch Y., Kornberg R. D. A yeast protein that influences the chromatin structure of UASG and functions as a powerful auxiliary gene activator. Genes Dev. 1990 Apr;4(4):503–514. doi: 10.1101/gad.4.4.503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chodosh L. A., Olesen J., Hahn S., Baldwin A. S., Guarente L., Sharp P. A. A yeast and a human CCAAT-binding protein have heterologous subunits that are functionally interchangeable. Cell. 1988 Apr 8;53(1):25–35. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90484-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Elder P. K., French C. L., Subramaniam M., Schmidt L. J., Getz M. J. Evidence that the functional beta-actin gene is single copy in most mice and is associated with 5' sequences capable of conferring serum- and cycloheximide-dependent regulation. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Jan;8(1):480–485. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.1.480. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Elder P. K., Schmidt L. J., Ono T., Getz M. J. Specific stimulation of actin gene transcription by epidermal growth factor and cycloheximide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Dec;81(23):7476–7480. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.23.7476. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Erba H. P., Eddy R., Shows T., Kedes L., Gunning P. Structure, chromosome location, and expression of the human gamma-actin gene: differential evolution, location, and expression of the cytoskeletal beta- and gamma-actin genes. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Apr;8(4):1775–1789. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.4.1775. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Forsburg S. L., Guarente L. Identification and characterization of HAP4: a third component of the CCAAT-bound HAP2/HAP3 heteromer. Genes Dev. 1989 Aug;3(8):1166–1178. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.8.1166. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Forsburg S. L., Guarente L. Mutational analysis of upstream activation sequence 2 of the CYC1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a HAP2-HAP3-responsive site. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Feb;8(2):647–654. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.2.647. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gallwitz D., Donath C., Sander C. A yeast gene encoding a protein homologous to the human c-has/bas proto-oncogene product. Nature. 1983 Dec 15;306(5944):704–707. doi: 10.1038/306704a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gallwitz D., Perrin F., Seidel R. The actin gene in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 5' and 3' end mapping, flanking and putative regulatory sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Dec 11;9(23):6339–6350. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.23.6339. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Greenberg M. E., Hermanowski A. L., Ziff E. B. Effect of protein synthesis inhibitors on growth factor activation of c-fos, c-myc, and actin gene transcription. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Apr;6(4):1050–1057. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.4.1050. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Guarente L., Lalonde B., Gifford P., Alani E. Distinctly regulated tandem upstream activation sites mediate catabolite repression of the CYC1 gene of S. cerevisiae. Cell. 1984 Feb;36(2):503–511. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90243-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hinnen A., Hicks J. B., Fink G. R. Transformation of yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Apr;75(4):1929–1933. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.4.1929. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Huet J., Cottrelle P., Cool M., Vignais M. L., Thiele D., Marck C., Buhler J. M., Sentenac A., Fromageot P. A general upstream binding factor for genes of the yeast translational apparatus. EMBO J. 1985 Dec 16;4(13A):3539–3547. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04114.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Huffaker T. C., Hoyt M. A., Botstein D. Genetic analysis of the yeast cytoskeleton. Annu Rev Genet. 1987;21:259–284. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.21.120187.001355. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Jarvis E. E., Clark K. L., Sprague G. F., Jr The yeast transcription activator PRTF, a homolog of the mammalian serum response factor, is encoded by the MCM1 gene. Genes Dev. 1989 Jul;3(7):936–945. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.7.936. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Lech K., Anderson K., Brent R. DNA-bound Fos proteins activate transcription in yeast. Cell. 1988 Jan 29;52(2):179–184. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90506-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Mead D. A., Szczesna-Skorupa E., Kemper B. Single-stranded DNA 'blue' T7 promoter plasmids: a versatile tandem promoter system for cloning and protein engineering. Protein Eng. 1986 Oct-Nov;1(1):67–74. doi: 10.1093/protein/1.1.67. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Olesen J., Hahn S., Guarente L. Yeast HAP2 and HAP3 activators both bind to the CYC1 upstream activation site, UAS2, in an interdependent manner. Cell. 1987 Dec 24;51(6):953–961. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90582-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Orita S., Makino K., Kawamoto T., Niwa H., Sugiyama H., Kakunaga T. Identification of a site that mediates transcriptional response of the human beta-actin gene to serum factors. Gene. 1989 Jan 30;75(1):13–19. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90378-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Passmore S., Elble R., Tye B. K. A protein involved in minichromosome maintenance in yeast binds a transcriptional enhancer conserved in eukaryotes. Genes Dev. 1989 Jul;3(7):921–935. doi: 10.1101/gad.3.7.921. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Pollard T. D., Cooper J. A. Actin and actin-binding proteins. A critical evaluation of mechanisms and functions. Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:987–1035. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.005011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Ponticelli A. S., Struhl K. Analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae his3 transcription in vitro: biochemical support for multiple mechanisms of transcription. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jun;10(6):2832–2839. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.6.2832. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Shortle D., Haber J. E., Botstein D. Lethal disruption of the yeast actin gene by integrative DNA transformation. Science. 1982 Jul 23;217(4557):371–373. doi: 10.1126/science.7046050. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Struhl K. Naturally occurring poly(dA-dT) sequences are upstream promoter elements for constitutive transcription in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Dec;82(24):8419–8423. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.24.8419. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Struhl K. The JUN oncoprotein, a vertebrate transcription factor, activates transcription in yeast. Nature. 1988 Apr 14;332(6165):649–650. doi: 10.1038/332649a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Subramaniam M., Schmidt L. J., Crutchfield C. E., 3rd, Getz M. J. Negative regulation of serum-responsive enhancer elements. Nature. 1989 Jul 6;340(6228):64–66. doi: 10.1038/340064a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Wildeman A. G. A putative ancestral actin gene present in a thermophilic eukaryote: novel combination of intron positions. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Mar 25;16(6):2553–2564. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.6.2553. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES