Skip to main content
Nucleic Acids Research logoLink to Nucleic Acids Research
. 1978 Jul;5(7):2501–2512. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.7.2501

Analysis of terminal structures of RNA from potato virus X.

N Sonenberg, A J Shatkin, R P Ricciardi, M Rubin, R M Goodman
PMCID: PMC342180  PMID: 673859

Abstract

The 5'-end structure of potato virus X RNA was determined following enzymatic methylation in vitro. A single 3H-methyl group was introduced into the 2'-position of the 5'-penultimate residue and the end structure was determined as m7GpppG(m)pAp(Xp)3G. This part of the RNA apparently is involved in binding to ribosomes since it can be partially protected against RNase digestion by wheat germ 40S ribosomes. PVX RNA was not retained by poly(U)-sepharose, indicating that it does not contain a 3'-terminal poly(A) tract.

Full text

PDF
2503

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Both G. W., Furuichi Y., Muthukrishnan S., Shatkin A. J. Effect of 5'-terminal structure and base composition on polyribonucleotide binding to ribosomes. J Mol Biol. 1976 Jul 5;104(3):637–658. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90126-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brawerman G. Eukaryotic messenger RNA. Annu Rev Biochem. 1974;43(0):621–642. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.43.070174.003201. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Briand J. P., Richards K. E., Bouley J. P., Witz J., Hirth L. Stucture of the amino-acid accepting 3'-end of high-molecular-weight eggplant mosaic virus RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Mar;73(3):737–741. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.3.737. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Canaani D., Revel M., Groner Y. Translational discrimination of 'capped' and 'non-capped' mRNAS: inhibition of a series of chemical analogs of m7GpppX. FEBS Lett. 1976 May 1;64(2):326–331. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80321-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dasgupta R., Kaesberg P. Sequence of an oligonucleotide derived from the 3' end of each of the four brome mosaic viral RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Nov;74(11):4900–4904. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.11.4900. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dasgupta R., Shih D. S., Saris C., Kaesberg P. Nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA fragment that binds to eukaryotic ribosomes. Nature. 1975 Aug 21;256(5519):624–628. doi: 10.1038/256624a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Davies J. W., Kaesberg P. Translation of virus mRNA: protein synthesis directed by several virus RNAs in a cell-free extract from wheat germ. J Gen Virol. 1974 Oct;25(1):11–20. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-25-1-11. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dottin R. P., Weiner A. M., Lodish F. 5' terminal nucleotide sequences of the messenger RNA's of Dictyostelium discoideum. Cell. 1976 Jun;8(2):233–244. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90007-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Ensinger M. J., Martin S. A., Paoletti E., Moss B. Modification of the 5'-terminus of mRNA by soluble guanylyl and methyl transferases from vaccinia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jul;72(7):2525–2529. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.7.2525. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Frisby D., Eaton M., Fellner P. Absence of 5' terminal capping in encephalomyocarditis virus RNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1976 Oct;3(10):2771–2787. doi: 10.1093/nar/3.10.2771. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Furuichi Y., Morgan M., Muthukrishnan S., Shatkin A. J. Reovirus messenger RNA contains a methylated, blocked 5'-terminal structure: m-7G(5')ppp(5')G-MpCp-. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jan;72(1):362–366. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.1.362. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Goodman R. M. Reconstitution of potato virus X in vitro. I. Properties of the dissociated protein structural subunits. Virology. 1975 Dec;68(2):287–298. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90272-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Haidar M. A., Hirth L. 5'-terminal structure of tobacco rattle virus RNA: evidence for polarity of reconstitution. Virology. 1977 Jan;76(1):173–185. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90294-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hewlett M. J., Rose J. K., Baltimore D. 5'-terminal structure of poliovirus polyribosomal RNA is pUp. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Feb;73(2):327–330. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.2.327. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hickey E. D., Weber L. A., Baglioni C. Inhibition of initiation of protein synthesis by 7-methylguanosine-5'-monophosphate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Jan;73(1):19–23. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.1.19. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Horst J., Fraenkel-Conrat H., Mandeles S. Terminal heterogeneity at both ends of the satellite tobacco necrosis virus ribonucleic acid. Biochemistry. 1971 Dec 7;10(25):4748–4752. doi: 10.1021/bi00801a022. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hunter T. R., Hunt T., Knowland J., Zimmern D. Messenger RNA for the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus. Nature. 1976 Apr 29;260(5554):759–764. doi: 10.1038/260759a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Keith J., Fraenkel-Conrat H. Tobacco mosaic virus RNA carries 5'-terminal triphosphorylated guanosine blocked by 5'-linked 7-methylguanosine. FEBS Lett. 1975 Sep 1;57(1):31–34. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80145-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Klein C., Fritsch C., Briand J. P., Richards K. E., Jonard G., Hirth L. Physical and functional heterogeneity in TYMV RNA: evidence for the existence of an independent messenger coding for coat protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1976 Nov;3(11):3043–3061. doi: 10.1093/nar/3.11.3043. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Klootwijk J., Klein I., Zabel P., van Kammen A. Cowpea mosaic virus RNAs have neither m7GpppN ... nor mono-, di- or triphosphates at their 5' ends. Cell. 1977 May;11(1):73–82. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90318-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kohl R. J., Hall T. C. Aminoacylation of RNA from several viruses: amino acid specificity and differential activity of plant, yeast and bacterial synthetases. J Gen Virol. 1974 Nov;25(2):257–261. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-25-2-257. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Kozak M., Shatkin A. J. Characterization of ribosome-protected fragments from reovirus messenger RNA. J Biol Chem. 1976 Jul 25;251(14):4259–4266. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Kozak M., Shatkin A. J. Sequences and properties of two ribosome binding sites from the small size class of reovirus messenger RNA. J Biol Chem. 1977 Oct 10;252(19):6895–6908. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Lazarowitz S. G., Robertson H. D. Initiator regions from the small size class of reovirus messenger RNA protected by rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes. J Biol Chem. 1977 Nov 10;252(21):7842–7849. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Lindberg U., Persson T. Isolation of mRNA from KB-cells by affinity chromatography on polyuridylic acid covalently linked to Sepharose. Eur J Biochem. 1972 Dec 4;31(2):246–254. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb02527.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Lindberg U., Persson T., Philipson L. Isolation and characterization of adenovirus messenger ribonucleic acid in productive infection. J Virol. 1972 Nov;10(5):909–919. doi: 10.1128/jvi.10.5.909-919.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Martin S. A., Moss B. mRNA guanylyltransferase and mRNA (guanine-7-)-methyltransferase from vaccinia virions. Donor and acceptor substrate specificites. J Biol Chem. 1976 Dec 10;251(23):7313–7321. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Mayo M. A., Fritsch C., Hirth L. Translation of tobacco rattle virus RNA in vitro using wheat germ extracts. Virology. 1976 Feb;69(2):408–415. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90472-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Mohier E., Hirth L., Le Meur M. A., Gerlinger P. Translation of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA's in mammalian cell-free systems. Virology. 1975 Dec;68(2):349–359. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90278-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Moss B. Utilization of the guanylyltransferase and methyltransferases of vaccinia virus to modify and identify the 5'-terminals of heterologous RNA species. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1977 Jan 24;74(2):374–383. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(77)90314-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Muthukrishnan S., Both G. W., Furuichi Y., Shatkin A. J. 5'-Terminal 7-methylguanosine in eukaryotic mRNA is required for translation. Nature. 1975 May 1;255(5503):33–37. doi: 10.1038/255033a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Muthukrishnan S., Moss B., Cooper J. A., Maxwell E. S. Influence of 5'-terminal cap structure on the initiation of translation of vaccinia virus mRNA. J Biol Chem. 1978 Mar 10;253(5):1710–1715. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Nomoto A., Lee Y. F., Wimmer E. The 5' end of poliovirus mRNA is not capped with m7G(5')ppp(5')Np. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Feb;73(2):375–380. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.2.375. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Oberg B., Philipson L. Binding of histidine to tobacco mosaic virus RNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1972 Aug 21;48(4):927–932. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90697-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Pinck L. The 5'-end groups of alfalfa mosaic virus RNAs are m7G5'ppp5'Gp. FEBS Lett. 1975 Nov 1;59(1):24–28. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(75)80332-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Roman R., Brooker J. D., Seal S. N., Marcus A. Inhibition of the transition of a 40 S ribosome-Met-tRNA-i-Met complex to an 80 S ribosome-Met-tRNA-i-Met- complex by 7-Methylguanosine-5'-phosphate. Nature. 1976 Mar 25;260(5549):359–360. doi: 10.1038/260359a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Rose J. K. Nucleotide sequences of ribosome recgonition sites in messenger RNAs of vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Sep;74(9):3672–3676. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.9.3672. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Shapiro D. J., Schimke R. T. Immunochemical isolation and characterization of ovalbumin messenger ribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem. 1975 Mar 10;250(5):1759–1764. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Shatkin A. J. Capping of eucaryotic mRNAs. Cell. 1976 Dec;9(4 Pt 2):645–653. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90128-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Shih D. S., Kaesberg P. Translation of brome mosaic viral ribonucleic acid in a cell-free system derived from wheat embryo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Jun;70(6):1799–1803. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.6.1799. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Shinshi H., Miwa M., Sugimura T. Enzyme cleaving the 5'-terminal methylated blocked structure of messenger RNA. FEBS Lett. 1976 Jun 1;65(2):254–257. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(76)80492-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Sonenberg N., Shatkin A. J. Reovirus mRNA can be covalently crosslinked via the 5' cap to proteins in initiation complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4288–4292. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.10.4288. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Sripati C. E., Groner Y., Warner J. R. Methylated, blocked 5' termini of yeast mRNA. J Biol Chem. 1976 May 25;251(10):2898–2904. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Stoltzfus C. M., Shatkin A. J., Banerjee A. K. Absence of polyadenylic acid from reovirus messenger ribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem. 1973 Dec 10;248(23):7993–7998. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. TOMLINSON R. V., TENER G. M. A PROPOSED GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR ISOLATING END-GROUPS OF NUCLEIC ACIDS. Biochemistry. 1963 Jul-Aug;2:703–706. doi: 10.1021/bi00904a014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Wimmer E., Chang A. Y., Clark J. M., Jr, Reichmann M. E. Sequence studies of satellite tobacco necrosis virus RNA. Isolation and characterization of a 5'-terminal trinucleotide. J Mol Biol. 1968 Nov 28;38(1):59–73. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90128-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Yot P., Pinck M., Haenni A. L., Duranton H. M., Chapeville F. Valine-specific tRNA-like structure in turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Nov;67(3):1345–1352. doi: 10.1073/pnas.67.3.1345. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Zimmern D. The 5' end group of tobacco mosaic virus RNA is m7G5' ppp5' Gp. Nucleic Acids Res. 1975 Jul;2(7):1189–1201. doi: 10.1093/nar/2.7.1189. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. el-Manna M. M., Bruening G. Polyadenylate sequences in the ribonucleic acids of cowpea mosaic virus. Virology. 1973 Nov;56(1):198–206. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90299-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Nucleic Acids Research are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES