Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1984 May;81(10):3088–3092. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.10.3088

Neurons with graded response have collective computational properties like those of two-state neurons.

J J Hopfield
PMCID: PMC345226  PMID: 6587342

Abstract

A model for a large network of "neurons" with a graded response (or sigmoid input-output relation) is studied. This deterministic system has collective properties in very close correspondence with the earlier stochastic model based on McCulloch - Pitts neurons. The content- addressable memory and other emergent collective properties of the original model also are present in the graded response model. The idea that such collective properties are used in biological systems is given added credence by the continued presence of such properties for more nearly biological "neurons." Collective analog electrical circuits of the kind described will certainly function. The collective states of the two models have a simple correspondence. The original model will continue to be useful for simulations, because its connection to graded response systems is established. Equations that include the effect of action potentials in the graded response system are also developed.

Full text

PDF
3092

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Glass L., Kauffman S. A. The logical analysis of continuous, non-linear biochemical control networks. J Theor Biol. 1973 Apr;39(1):103–129. doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(73)90208-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Hopfield J. J. Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Apr;79(8):2554–2558. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.8.2554. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Kirkpatrick S., Gelatt C. D., Jr, Vecchi M. P. Optimization by simulated annealing. Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):671–680. doi: 10.1126/science.220.4598.671. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Shaw S., Nelson D. L., Shearer G. M. Human cytotoxic response in vitro to trinitrophenyl-modified autologous cells. I. T cell recognition of TNP in association with widely shared antigens. J Immunol. 1978 Jul;121(1):281–289. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES