Skip to main content
PMC home page
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1982 Nov;79(22):6899–6902. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.22.6899

Human adult T-cell leukemia virus: molecular cloning of the provirus DNA and the unique terminal structure.

M Seiki, S Hattori, M Yoshida
PMCID: PMC347241  PMID: 6294664

Abstract

Adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV) is a human retrovirus closely associated with adult T-cell leukemia. The integrated provirus DNA and cDNA from virion RNA were molecularly cloned and their structures were analyzed. Clone lambda ATM-1 of an integrated provirus DNA in the MT-1 cell line, established from adult T-cell leukemia cells by cocultivation with cord lymphocytes, contained DNA about 13,000 base pairs (bp) long and long terminal repeats (LTR) at both ends of the viral sequence that were about 8,000 bp long. These two LTR sequences were linked to cellular sequences with direct repeats of 7 bp. Each LTR consisted of 754 bp including inverted repeats of 2 bp at the ends and the T-A-T-A-A box, characteristics in common with those of LTRs of other known retroviruses. Adjacent to the 5' LTR there was a sequence identical to the tRNAPro binding site in murine leukemia virus, suggesting that tRNAPro is a primer for reverse transcription of the viral genome. From these structural features, the mechanism of ATLV replication was suggested to be the same as that of other known animal retroviruses. However, the length of the small terminal repeats at the ends of the RNA genome, 228 +/- 1 bases, is much longer than the lengths, up to 80 bases, of those in avian, mouse, or primate retroviruses so far analyzed. These findings suggest that ATLV should be classified in a distinct group of retroviruses with bovine leukemia virus which also makes unusually long strong-stop cDNA.

Full text

PDF
6900

Images in this article

6901Image
on p.6901

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Blattner F. R., Blechl A. E., Denniston-Thompson K., Faber H. E., Richards J. E., Slightom J. L., Tucker P. W., Smithies O. Cloning human fetal gamma globin and mouse alpha-type globin DNA: preparation and screening of shotgun collections. Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1279–1284. doi: 10.1126/science.725603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Corden J., Wasylyk B., Buchwalder A., Sassone-Corsi P., Kedinger C., Chambon P. Promoter sequences of eukaryotic protein-coding genes. Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1406–1414. doi: 10.1126/science.6251548. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Hayward W. S., Neel B. G., Astrin S. M. Activation of a cellular onc gene by promoter insertion in ALV-induced lymphoid leukosis. Nature. 1981 Apr 9;290(5806):475–480. doi: 10.1038/290475a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Hinuma Y., Nagata K., Hanaoka M., Nakai M., Matsumoto T., Kinoshita K. I., Shirakawa S., Miyoshi I. Adult T-cell leukemia: antigen in an ATL cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6476–6480. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6476. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Hsu T. W., Sabran J. L., Mark G. E., Guntaka R. V., Taylor J. M. Analysis of unintegrated avian RNA tumor virus double-stranded DNA intermediates. J Virol. 1978 Dec;28(3):810–818. doi: 10.1128/jvi.28.3.810-818.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Lovinger G. G., Schochetman G. 5' terminal nucleotide sequences of type C retroviruses: features common to noncoding sequences of eucaryotic messenger RNAs. Cell. 1980 Jun;20(2):441–449. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90630-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Majumder H. K., Boothroyd J. C., Weber H. Homologous 3'-terminal regions of mRNAs for surface antigens of different antigenic variants of Trypanosoma brucei. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Sep 25;9(18):4745–4753. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.18.4745. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Miyoshi I., Kubonishi I., Sumida M., Hiraki S., Tsubota T., Kimura I., Miyamoto K., Sato J. A novel T-cell line derived from adult T-cell leukemia. Gan. 1980 Feb;71(1):155–156. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Miyoshi I., Kubonishi I., Yoshimoto S., Akagi T., Ohtsuki Y., Shiraishi Y., Nagata K., Hinuma Y. Type C virus particles in a cord T-cell line derived by co-cultivating normal human cord leukocytes and human leukaemic T cells. Nature. 1981 Dec 24;294(5843):770–771. doi: 10.1038/294770a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Oroszlan S., Sarngadharan M. G., Copeland T. D., Kalyanaraman V. S., Gilden R. V., Gallo R. C. Primary structure analysis of the major internal protein p24 of human type C T-cell leukemia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Feb;79(4):1291–1294. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.4.1291. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Poiesz B. J., Ruscetti F. W., Gazdar A. F., Bunn P. A., Minna J. D., Gallo R. C. Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7415–7419. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7415. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Proudfoot N. J., Brownlee G. G. 3' non-coding region sequences in eukaryotic messenger RNA. Nature. 1976 Sep 16;263(5574):211–214. doi: 10.1038/263211a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Reitz M. S., Jr, Poiesz B. J., Ruscetti F. W., Gallo R. C. Characterization and distribution of nucleic acid sequences of a novel type C retrovirus isolated from neoplastic human T lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Mar;78(3):1887–1891. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.3.1887. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Robert-Guroff M., Nakao Y., Notake K., Ito Y., Sliski A., Gallo R. C. Natural antibodies to human retrovirus HTLV in a cluster of Japanese patients with adult T cell leukemia. Science. 1982 Feb 19;215(4535):975–978. doi: 10.1126/science.6760397. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Shimotohno K., Mizutani S., Temin H. M. Sequence of retrovirus provirus resembles that of bacterial transposable elements. Nature. 1980 Jun 19;285(5766):550–554. doi: 10.1038/285550a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Stehelin D., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M., Vogt P. K. DNA related to the transforming gene(s) of avian sarcoma viruses is present in normal avian DNA. Nature. 1976 Mar 11;260(5547):170–173. doi: 10.1038/260170a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Taniguchi T., Palmieri M., Weissmann C. QB DNA-containing hybrid plasmids giving rise to QB phage formation in the bacterial host. Nature. 1978 Jul 20;274(5668):223–228. doi: 10.1038/274223a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Temin H. M. Structure, variation and synthesis of retrovirus long terminal repeat. Cell. 1981 Nov;27(1 Pt 2):1–3. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90353-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Uchiyama T., Yodoi J., Sagawa K., Takatsuki K., Uchino H. Adult T-cell leukemia: clinical and hematologic features of 16 cases. Blood. 1977 Sep;50(3):481–492. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Van Beveren C., van Straaten F., Galleshaw J. A., Verma I. M. Nucleotide sequence of the genome of a murine sarcoma virus. Cell. 1981 Nov;27(1 Pt 2):97–108. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90364-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Williams B. G., Blattner F. R. Construction and characterization of the hybrid bacteriophage lambda Charon vectors for DNA cloning. J Virol. 1979 Feb;29(2):555–575. doi: 10.1128/jvi.29.2.555-575.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Yoshida M., Miyoshi I., Hinuma Y. Isolation and characterization of retrovirus from cell lines of human adult T-cell leukemia and its implication in the disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Mar;79(6):2031–2035. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.6.2031. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Zaret K. S., Sherman F. DNA sequence required for efficient transcription termination in yeast. Cell. 1982 Mar;28(3):563–573. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90211-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES