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. 1982 Dec;38(3):1010–1019. doi: 10.1128/iai.38.3.1010-1019.1982

Soluble Peptidoglycan-Polysaccharide Fragments of the Bacterial Cell Wall Induce Acute Inflammation

Chamroen Chetty 1, David G Klapper 1, John H Schwab 1
PMCID: PMC347850  PMID: 6759402

Abstract

Peptidoglycan (PG)-polysaccharide (PS) polymers derived from group A streptococcal cell walls were solubilized by M-1 mutanolysin (endo-N-acetylmuramidase) and phage-associated lysin (N-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase). Fragments were isolated by ultrafiltration and a series of gel filtrations and were injected intravenously into Sprague-Dawley rats. No fragments with a molecular weight of less than 5 × 106 were able to induce arthritis by systemic injection. However, the enzyme-derived fragments displayed a new biological activity. High-molecular-weight PG-PS fragments (≅500,000) derived from mutanolysin digests induced a severe edematous reaction in the front and hind limbs. The response started 5 to 10 min postinjection, reached maximum intensity in approximately 30 min, and disappeared by 10 h. The smallest dose capable of eliciting the response was 0.31 μg/g of body weight. Low-molecular-weight PG-PS (≅30,000) derived from the mutanolysin digests and the PG-PS fragments isolated from phage-associated lysin digests also induced edema; however, a higher dose was required to elicit the same response as that produced by high-molecular-weight PG-PS fragments. The active fragments contained rhamnose, glucosamine, muramic acid, alanine, glutamic acid, and lysine in various molar ratios. PG-PS fragments obtained by sonic degradation of cell walls (molecular weight ≥5.3 × 106), as well as enzyme-treated PG preparations and muramyl dipeptide, failed to elicit the response. These findings indicate that PG-PS fragments of sizes too small to be arthritogenic can affect the vascular endothelium to induce a rapidly developing edema. Fragments with this biological property could have a key role in the pathogenesis of experimental arthritis by influencing the tissue distribution of arthritogenic PG-PS.

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Selected References

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