Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1973 Jan;11(1):1–8. doi: 10.1128/jvi.11.1.1-8.1973

Superinfection Exclusion by Incomplete Genomes of Bacteriophage T4

J D Childs 1
PMCID: PMC355053  PMID: 4567686

Abstract

The genetic basis of superinfection exclusion by bacteriophage T4 was investigated by using incomplete genomes derived from the gene 66 mutant E920g. Incomplete genomes, which included a region of T4 between genes 42 and 44, were able to exclude superinfecting phage with an efficiency similar to that of complete genomes. Those genomes which did not include this region were unable to exclude superinfecting phage. A mutant with reduced ability to exclude super-infecting phage was isolated after mutagenesis with hydroxylamine. The mutation maps midway between amN122 in gene 42 and amB22 in gene 43. The efficiency of exclusion of superinfecting phage (as measured by the percentage of superinfected cells which failed to release any phage carrying selected markers of the superinfecting phage) by this mutant was 50 to 60%, whereas for wild type it was 85 to 95%. Uptake of 3H-leucine by cells infected with the mutant was inhibited by superinfection with ghosts and it has therefore been designated imm1, for lack of immunity to superinfecting phage and ghosts. The formation of infective centers by cells infected with imm1 or another imm− mutant (imm2) was not inhibited by superinfection with ghosts.

Full text

PDF
3

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Anderson C. W., Eigner J. Breakdown and exclusion of superinfecting T-even bacteriophage in Escherichia coli. J Virol. 1971 Dec;8(6):869–886. doi: 10.1128/jvi.8.6.869-886.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Anderson C. W., Williamson J. R., Eigner J. Localization of parental deoxyribonucleic acid from superinfecting T4 bacteriophage in Escherichia coli. J Virol. 1971 Dec;8(6):887–893. doi: 10.1128/jvi.8.6.887-893.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chase M, Doermann A H. High Negative Interference over Short Segments of the Genetic Structure of Bacteriophage T4. Genetics. 1958 May;43(3):332–353. doi: 10.1093/genetics/43.3.332. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Childs J. D. A map of molecular distances between mutations of bacteriophage T4D. Genetics. 1971 Apr;67(4):455–468. doi: 10.1093/genetics/67.4.455. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Childs J. D. Permuted partial phage within single bursts of Escherichia coli infected with a T4D mutant. Genetics. 1969 Oct;63(2):239–246. doi: 10.1093/genetics/63.2.239. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. DULBECCO R. Mutual exclusion between related phages. J Bacteriol. 1952 Feb;63(2):209–217. doi: 10.1128/jb.63.2.209-217.1952. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Doermann A. H., Boehner L. The identification of complex genotypes in bacteriophage T4. I. Methods. Genetics. 1970 Nov;66(3):417–428. doi: 10.1093/genetics/66.3.417. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Doermann A. H., Parma D. H. Recombination in bacteriophage T4. J Cell Physiol. 1967 Oct;70(2 Suppl):147–164. doi: 10.1002/jcp.1040700411. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Duckworth D. H. Inhibition of T4 bacteriophage multiplication by superinfecting ghosts and the development of tolerance after bacteriophage infection. J Virol. 1971 Jan;7(1):8–14. doi: 10.1128/jvi.7.1.8-14.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Eiserling F. A., Geiduschek E. P., Epstein R. H., Metter E. J. Capsid size and deoxyribonucleic acid length: the petite variant of bacteriophage T4. J Virol. 1970 Dec;6(6):865–876. doi: 10.1128/jvi.6.6.865-876.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fielding P. E., Lunt M. R. The relation between breakdown of superinfecting virus deoxyribonucleic acid and temporal exclusion induced by T4 and T5 bacteriophages. J Gen Virol. 1970 Mar;6(3):333–342. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-6-3-333. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. LESLEY S. M., FRENCH R. C., GRAHAM A. F., van ROOYEN C. E. Studies on the relationship between virus and host cell. II. The breakdown of T2r+ bacteriophage upon infection of its host Escherichia coli. Can J Med Sci. 1951 Jun;29(3):128–143. doi: 10.1139/cjms51-017. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mosig G. A map of distances along the DNA molecule of phage T4. Genetics. 1968 Jun;59(2):137–151. doi: 10.1093/genetics/59.2.137. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mosig G., Carnighan J. R., Bibring J. B., Cole R., Bock H. G., Bock S. Coordinate variation in lengths of deoxyribonucleic acid molecules and head lengths in morphological variants of bacteriophage T4. J Virol. 1972 May;9(5):857–871. doi: 10.1128/jvi.9.5.857-871.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mosig G., Revel H. R. Expression of genes in incomplete T4 genomes. Virology. 1967 Mar;31(3):397–401. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(67)90218-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Mosig G., Werner R. On the replication of incomplete chromosomes of phage T4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Oct;64(2):747–754. doi: 10.1073/pnas.64.2.747. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Parma D. H. The structure of genomes of individual petit particles of the bacteriophage T4D mutant E920/96/41. Genetics. 1969 Oct;63(2):247–261. doi: 10.1093/genetics/63.2.247. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sauri C. J., Earhart C. F. Superinfection with bacteriophage T4: inverse relationship between genetic exclusion and membrane association of deoxyribonucleic acid of secondary bacteriophage. J Virol. 1971 Dec;8(6):856–859. doi: 10.1128/jvi.8.6.856-859.1971. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Tessman I. Mutagenic treatment of double- and single-stranded DNA phages T4 ans S13 with hydroxylamine. Virology. 1968 Jun;35(2):330–333. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(68)90275-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Vallée M., Cornett J. B. A new gene of bacteriophage T4 determining immunity against superinfecting ghosts and phage in T4-infected Escherichia coli. Virology. 1972 Jun;48(3):777–784. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90161-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Vallée M., Cornett J. B., Bernstein H. The action of bacteriophage T4 ghosts on Escherichia coli and the immunity to this action developed in cells preinfected with T4. Virology. 1972 Jun;48(3):766–776. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(72)90160-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Warner H. R., Snustad D. P., Koerner J. F., Childs J. D. Identification and genetic characterization of mutants of bacteriophage T4 defective in the ability to induce exonuclease A. J Virol. 1972 Mar;9(3):399–407. doi: 10.1128/jvi.9.3.399-407.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES